LABARISH ETHYMOLOGICAL DICTIONARY

v2.0 2004 by Clutorx

Spelling Notes: 1.- Tau Gallica: In beginning and final of a word, it is written ts: tsern star, velts seer. In internal position, it is written /ss/: /cassis/ hate. For the few -nt stems, both spellings are considered correct for the nominative: nmans or nmants foe. 2.- Intervocalic j: it has been equated to vocalic i to provide a classical spelling. 3.- Intervocalic w: it is written as v to provide a classical spelling. Abreviations: abl. ablative acc. accusative act. active adv. adverb B. Breton Brit. Briton Celtib. Celtiberian col. collective Cor. Cornish dat. dative diph. diphthonged f. female Fr. French Gaul. Gaulish gen. genitive Wordlist Indications:
[abs] [ani] [bld] [clt] [fam] [fod] [bod] [soc]

IE Indo-European indecl. indeclinable inst. instrumental interr. interrogative Ir. Irish irreg. iregular Lat. Latin loc. locative m. male MB. Middle Breton MIr. Middle Irish MW. Middle Welsh Neol. Neologism neut. neuter OB. Old Breton

OCor. OIr. OW. p. part. pass. pC pl. pref. prep. sing. Skt. Sp. suff. W.

Old Cornish Old Irish Old Welsh person participle passive Proto-Celtic plural prefix preposition singular Sanskrit Spanish suffix Welsh

Abstract Terms Animals Buildings & Habitations Clothing Family Food & Drink Human Body Human Society

[hte] [mss] [num] [plt] [phy] [rel] [sky] [war]

Human Tools & Engines Mind, Soul & Speech Numbers Plants & Fruits Physical World Religion Sky & Time War

A
aball is fa: apple tree || see aballon [W. afallen, MIr. aball] [plt]. aballon i no: an apple [W. afal, Cor. auallen, B. avallen, OIr. aball] [plt]. abon is fa: river [W. afon, B. auon, OIr. abann] [phy]. ac prep.: [+ acc.] along with [W. , ac, IE *ad-ghe]. acaunon i no: stone, rock, cliff [Gaul. acaunon] [phy]. aciton i no: field, plain [OIr. ached] [phy]. cos on: adjetival suff.; -ish, -y [e.g. nerton strength > nertcos strong]. actinos i mo: bush [W. aith, eithin, Cor. eythinen, OIr. aitenn, Fr. ajonc] [plt]. ad prep.: [+ acc.] to, towards [W. ad>at, OIr. ad, IE*ad-]. adberet (BI), adbert is fa: to offer, to sacrifice || see beret. adbert is fa: offer, sacrifice || see adberet [W. aberth, OIr. edpart] [abs] [rel]. adberon i no: estuary [W. aber] [phy]. adbssu ous nu: custom || see bssu [MIr. baisi] [abs]. adgabagl is fa: the act of leaving || see adgabiet [abs]. adgabiet (BII), adgabagl is fa: to leave || see ad and gabiet [OIr. (fo)adgaib]. adgariet (BII), adgarman garms nn: to invoke || see ad and gariet. adgarios i mo: lawyer, solicitor || see adgariet [rel]. adgarman garms nn: invocation || see adgariet [abs] [rel]. adgenos on: fair, fine || see ad and genos [W. addien]. adgon(n)os on: attacker || see adgonet [war]. adgonet (BI) / adgont (AI), adgoni s ni: to attack || see gonet. adgoni s ni: an attack || see adgonet [war]. adgossus u: near, close [W. agos, OIr. ocus]. aditt (AI), aditus ous mu: to reach || see ad and itt [OIr. adethaid]. aditus ous mu: availability, reach || see aditt [abs]. admesser is fa: time [W.OIr. amser, B. amzer] [sky]. admeti tionos fn: invocation || see admonietor [OIr. aithmitiu] [mss] [rel]. admonietor (DBII), admeti tionos fn: to invoke || see monietor [OIr. aithmuin, aithmitiu]. adsodion i no: stop, holdup, detention || see adsodt [abs]. adsodt (AII), adsodion i no / adsoditus ous mu: to hold fast, to stop [OIr. adsuidi, suide, asdud]. adsoditus ous mu: stop, holdup, detention || see adsodt [OIr. asdud] [abs]. aged is fa: a face [OIr. aged] [bod]. aget (BI), agnis is fa: to guide [OIr. aigid, in]. agnis is fa: guidance || see aget [OIr. in] [abs]. agrobton i no: battle food || see agron and bton [W. aerfwyd] [fod]. agroduoron i no: battle bulwark || see agron and duoron [W. aerddor] [bld] [hte] [war]. agromapos i mo: warrior son || see agron and mapos [W. aerfab] [soc]. agromros on: causing great slaughter || see agron and mros [W. aerfawr]. agron i mo: war, battle, massacre [MW. aer, OIr. r slaughter] [war]. agronerton i no: battle strength || see agron and nerton [W. aernerth] [abs] [war]. agroslougos i mo: battle host || see agron and slougos [W. aer(l)lu] [war].

agrovassos i mo: warrior || see agron and vassos [W. aerwas] [soc] [war]. agroviros i mo: warrior || see agron and viros [W. aerwr] [soc] [war]. agrovolcos i mo: battle hero || see agron and volcos [W. aerwalch] [soc] [war]. aidlet is fa: hearth || see aidus [OIr. al, IE *aidhl] [bld] [hte]. aidus ous mu: flame [OIr. ed] [phy]. aisson i no: age, aeon [OIr. es, W. oes, Lat. aes] [sky]. aissus ous mu: folk, people [OIr. es, W. oed] [soc]. aiv adv.: always, ever [<*aiuo- life(time)] | do aiv : for ever || see do. alaud is fa: a lark [Gaul. alauda, Fr. alouette] [ani]. albios i mo: world, the aerial world, atmosphere, environment [W. elfydd] [sky] [phy]. alcos i mo: elk, moose [Gaul.-Lat. alces] [ani]. alios on: second [if preceding the qualified noun; e.g. ali ben the second woman] || next, other, another [if following the qualified noun; e.g. ben ali another woman] [W. aill, all, B. eil, all, OIr. aile] [num]. alisi is fa: alder (tree) [plt]. allatis i: fierce, wild [OIr. allaid]. allobrox gos: stranger, exiled || see allos and brox. allos on: see alios. altos i mo: height, cliff, shore [W. allt, B. aod, Lat. altus] [phy]. altrv is fa: she-teacher || see altrvos [soc]. altrvos i mo: teacher [MW. athraw, B. aotrou] [soc]. ambanos i mo: butter [B. amann, anmanen, W. ymenyn, Cor. amenen, OIr. imb] [fod]. ambaxtos i mo: servant, envoy, minister, client [W. amaeth, Fr. ambassade] [soc]. ambaxtoviros i mo: farmer, ploughman || see ambaxtos and viros [W. amaethwr] [soc]. ambi prep.: [+ acc.] around, about [W. am, OIr. imm, IE *mbhi]. amu is fa: liver [bod]. an privative pref.: in-, un-, non- [W.B.Cor.OIr. an-]. an [..]? interr. adv.: maybe? anam onos mn: spirit || see ant [rel] [mss]. anandocnos on: non-indigenous; foreigner || see an and andocnos. anassios on: difficult || see assios [W. anhawdd, OIr. ansae]. ant (AI), anatlon i no: to breathe [OIr. anad, anl]. anation i no: soul || see ant [W. enaid, Cornish enef, Lat. anima] [rel] [mss]. anatlon i no: breath || see ant [W. anadl, B. alan, OIr. anl] [bod] [mss]. ancridi is fa: injustice [an +cridion] [abs]. ancon i mo: coming, arrival || see encet [abs]. andamcos on: lowest || of inferior quality || see ande. ande prep.: [+ acc.] under, beneath [OIr. ind, W. tan]. andecaros on: amiable, friendly, gentle, affectionate || see ande and caros [W. achar, Ir. acarach]. andedios on: inferior, infernal || see ande and odios. ander is fa: heifer [W. anner, MB. annoer, Ir. ander virgin] [ani]. Andernadios on: the one that is below || see andernos [rel]. andernos on: lower, inferior, infernal, the one below || see ande. andocnos on: indigenous, local || see ande and cnos. Andumnos i mo: the Other World || see an and dumnos [W. Annwn] [rel]. aneget (BI), anextlon i no: to protect [OIr. aingid, anacul].

Anextlomros i mo: personal name; great(ly) protected, 'unassailable' [soc]. anextlon i no: protection || see aneget [OIr. anacul] [abs]. anextlos on: saved, rescued || see aneget. angnatos on: unknown || see an and gnatos. anmatis i: bad or incomplete || see an and matis. anne [..]? interr. adv.: perhaps not? isnt?. ansonos on: ours. anuan anus nn: name [B. hanv, W. enw, OIr. ainm, pl. anmann] [abs]. anvissus ous mu: ignorance || see vissus [OIr. anfiuss] [abs] [mss]. aravios i mo: great grandson || see are and avios [OIr. iarmui] [fam]. arcm is fa: a question || see arcit [W. erchim][abs]. arcin is fa: shoe [W. archen, B. archen(ad)] [clt]. arct (AII), arcm is fa: to ask [OIr. arcu, OW. erchim]. arduenn is fa: height, mountain || see arduos [Gaul. ardvenna] [phy]. arduos on: high [OIr. rd, IE *er@d-]. are prep.: [+ acc.] for the sake of, because of || [+ abl.] before [MW. ar, OIr. air, er]. areberet (BI), arebert is fa: to use || see beret. arebert is fa: use || see areberet [abs]. aredercis i: famous || see are and dercon [OIr. airdirc]. Aremoric is fa: Brittany || see are, mori and cos [Gaul.-Lat. Armorica] [phy]. arencet (BI), arencon i mo: to find || see are and encet [OIr. airicc, airec]. arencon i mo: finding || see arencet [OIr. airec] [abs]. arepennis s mi: land measure unit, 1200 sq.m. [Fr. arpent] [abs]. arespon i no: a message || see are and atespon [Neol.][abs] [mss]. argantocaros on: avaricious, covetous, loving money || see arganton and caros [W. ariangar]. argantodannos i mo: mint-master, mint warden || see arganton and dannos [soc]. arganton i no: silver, money [B. archant, MW. aryan, OIr. airged, IE *arg'- white, to shine] [phy] [soc]. argantoslougos i mo: silver host || see arganton and slougos [W. arianllu] [war]. argantoviros i mo: money-changer, argentarium || see arganton and viros [W. ariannwr] [soc]. arinc is fa: corn, grain [Gaul. arinca, frumentum genus Gallicum (Pliny); OIr. arbe] [plt]. ariox ariocos mc: lord, nobleman [OIr. aire(ch)] [soc]. artos i mo: a bear [W. arth, OIr. art, IE *arkt-, *hart-] [ani]. assios on: easy [OIr. assae, W. hawdd]. at prep.: see ad. atav adv.: again [B. atao (old instrumental), W. eto]. ate adv.: again || ate iterative and intensive pref.: re-. ategnatos on: recognized || see ate and gnatos. atespt (AII), atespon i no: to answer || see ate and spit [MW. ateb-u; ateb, OIr. aithesc]. atespon i no: an answer || see atespit [abs] [mss]. atios i mo: foster father [OIr. aite] || see tr [fam] [soc]. tr tros mr: father [OIr. athir, IE *ptr] [fam].

tis i: adjetival suff.; that comes from, that acts like, -an, -ish, -er [e.g. crabet to write > crabtis writer, scribe; nantus valley > nantutis valley-dweller ]. atrebt (AI), atrebon i no: to dwell || see at and treb. atrebtis i: inhabitant, dweller || see atrebt. atrebon i no: habitation, dwelling || see atrebt [abs] [soc]. au prep.: [+ abl.] from, away from [W. o, OIr. , a]. auc adv.: for, because || see au and c. aunos aun aunon present participle suff.: -er; the one who does/makes. avedegn is fa: performance, production || see avedet [abs]. avedet (BI), avedegn is fa: to perform, to produce [Gaul. auot, OIr. fedid, fedan]. avillos i mo: desire [W. ewyll, B. ioul, OIr. il] [mss]. vion i no: egg [W. wy] [ani] . avios i mo: grandson [OIr. ua, aue, haue] [fam]. avontr tros mr: maternal uncle [W. ewythr] [fam]. avot verbal form: performed-it || see avedet and idi [OIr. -fid]. axros on: tall [OIr. r]. axt is fa: abstract and colective derivative clause: -ship, -dom, -ry [e.g. batoron weapon > batoraxt weaponry] [war] [hte].

B
bagos i mo: beech [Ir. feaga, W. ffawydden, B. fao] [plt]. baiet (BII), bsson i mo: to die [OIr. bad; bs]. baitos on: insane, mad || see baisson [OIr. bith, baeth]. baisson i no: madness [OIr. bis] [mss]. balcos on: strong, hard [W. balch, OIr. balc]. bann is fa: (mountain) top, peak [Gaul. -bennicus, MW bann, OIr. benn] [phy]. bnos on: white [OIr. bn]. banvos i mo: piglet [W. banw, B. banv, bano, OIr. banb] [ani]. baraos i mo: bread [W. B. Cor. bara <*baraso-] [fod]. bardos i mo: singer, poet, bard [Gaul. bardos, W. bardd, B. barz, OIr. bard] [soc] [rel]. baregn is fa: piece of bread || see baraos [OIr. bairgen] [fod]. bregos i mo: morning [W. bore, OIr. i mbrach tomorrow] [sky]. barn is fa: judgement || see barnt and bratus [W.B. barn] [abs] [soc]. barnt (AI), brit is fa / britus ous fu: to judge [OIr. breth, brith]. barnaunos i mo: judge || see barn and aunos [soc]. barros i mo: top, summit [B.OIr. barr, W.Cor. bar] [phy] bsson i mo: death || see baiet [Gaul.-Lat. batuere, OIr. bs] [abs]. bssos on: dead || see baiet. batt (AII), batus ous mu: to beat, to whack, to wrest. batoraxt is fa: weaponry || see batoron [war] [hte]. batoron i mo: weapon || see batt [Gaul. batoron] [war] [hte]. batos on: that wrests || see batt. batus ous mu: fight || see batt [war]. becos i mo: bee, wasp, bumblebee [OIr. bech, W. begegyr drone] [ani].

bmman bmms nn: a strike || see binat [OIr. bimm, MB. benaff] [abs]. ben mns fa irreg.: woman [W. benyw, bun, Cor. benen wife, OIr. ben] [abs]. bendis i: melodious [OIr. bind, OB. bann]. beret (BI), bert is fa: to bring, to bear [OIr. berim]. -beros on: bearer || see beret. bert is fa: transportation || see beret [abs] || cradle [hte]. beru ous nu: pointed stake [W. br, Cor. B. ber, OIr. bir] [hte]. berur is fa: (water) cress [W. berwr, OIr. biror, Fr. berle, Sp. berro] [plt]. bssu ous nu: habit, conduct [OIr. bs, B. boaz, IE *bheidh] [abs]. bton i no: food [W. bwyd, OIr. bad] [fod]. btoviros i mo: feeder, provider || see bton and viros [W. bwydwr] [soc] . betu is fa: birch [W. bedw, B. bezuenn, OIr. bethe] [plt]. bibrax bibracos mc: a beaver [Gaul. bibrax, Cor. befer, B. bieuzr] [ani]. biccisetos on: as little; irreg. equative of biccos. biccos on: small, little [B. bichan, W. bach, OIr. becc]. binat (BIV), bmman bmms nn: to beat, to strike || to cut [OIr. benaid; bimm, B. boem]. birros -on: short [W. byr, ber, Ir. berr short, Fr. berret] bituletanos on: worldwide || see bitus and letanos [W. byd-lydan]. Biturges rgon pl. mr: world-kings; a Gaulish tribe || see bitus and rx [soc]. bitus ous mu: the world [Gaul. bitu-, W. byd, OIr. bith] [abs] [phy] [rel]. bituviros i mo: worldly or sophisticated man || see bitus and viros [W. bydwr] [soc]. bivicolnos on: enlivening, quickening, reviving || see bivos and lnos [W. bywioglion]. bivos on: alive, lively, vigorous [W. byw, OIr. bo]. bivotts otos mt: life [W. bywyd , OIr. beothu] [abs]. bivoviros i mo: lively, vigorous man || see bivos and viros [W. bydwr] [soc]. bltis i: mild || see blatus [OIr. blith]. bltus ous mu: flower [OIr. blth, W. blawd] [plt]. bldn is fa: year [W. blwyddyn, OIr. bladain] [sky]. blevos i mo: hair [bod]. blixtubton i no: milk diet, milk food; dairy produce || see blixtus and bton [W. blithfwyd] [fod]. blixtus ous mu: milk [W. blith, OIr. mlicht] [fod]. bodios on: yellow; fair haired, blond(e) [OIr. buide]. boduos i mo: raven, scald-crow [OIr. bodb raven] [rel] [ani]. bogios on: breaker, fighter || see bonget. bolgos i mo: bag, leather sack [OIr. bolg, W. boly] [hte]. bonget (BIII), bougnis s fi: to break, to reap [Gaul. bogio-, OIr. bongid; bain]. boudi s ni: victory, gain [Gaul. boud-, W. budd, OB. bud, OIr. baid] [war]. boudcos on: victorious, winner || see boudi [Brit. Bovdicca, OB. boudic]. boudilnos on: beneficial, salutary, generous || see boudi and lnos [W. buddlon]. boudimros on: bearing much booty or spoils || profitable, gainful, beneficial, conferring blessings, efficacious, advantageous, valuable, useful, expedient || see boudi and mros [W. buddfawr]. bougnis s fi: a break, a reap || see bonget [OIr. bain] [phy] [war]. bous bovos acc. bn fu diph.: cow [W. buw, OB. bou, OIr. b] [ani].

boutegos i mo: stable || see bous and tegos [bld]. bracet (BI), bragul is fa: to cry, to boast, to bray. bragul is fa: cry, boast, bray || see bracet [abs] [mss]. branos i mo: raven [W. brn crow, OIr. bran] [ani]. brtr brtros mr: brother [OIr. brthir, W. brawd, pl. brodyr, Cor. broder, pl. bredereth, B. breur, breuzr, pl. breudeur] [fam]. bratos i mo: cloak [OIr. brat, W. breth(yn)] [clt]. bratus ous mu: judgement || see barn [Gaul. bratu-, W. brawd, MB. breut, OIr. brth] [abs] [soc]. brtronos i mo: great brother || see brtr and onos [fam] [soc]. bretam monos mn: a judge || see brit and britis [OIr. brithem, gen. britheman] [soc]. brtr is fa: word || fray, quarrel [W. brwydr, OIr. brathar] [abs]. brig is fa: value, worth, price [abs]. brigomros -on: valuable, precious || see brig and mros. brig onos mn: farmer [OIr. briugu] [soc]. brit is fa: mind, judgement [W. bryd, OIr. breth] || see barnat [mss]. britumros -on: intelligent || see britus and mros. britus ous fu: mind, judgement [OIr. brith] || see barnat [mss]. brv is fa: bridge [hte]. brix igos fg: mountain [Gaul. brig-, OIr. br] [phy]. broccos i mo: badger [W.Cor. broch, B. broch , OIr. broc] [ani]. brogi s ni: country, district [W. B. bro, OIr. mruig] [phy]. brogicos i mo: peasant; countryman || see brogi [soc]. broglos i mo: hunting ground, enclosed ground [Fr. breuil] [phy]. brox brogos mg: inhabitant, dweller, native || see brogi [soc]. br brunnos nf: belly, womb [W. bru, OIr. br, gen. brond] [bod]. brnni is fa: breast [W. bron, Cor.MB. bronn, OIr. bruinne] [bod]. bruttos i mo: ardour, fervour [W. brwd hot, OB. brot, OIr. bruth] [mss]. budi is fa: thanks [OIr. buide, W. boddau please] [abs]. burros on: stout [Gaul.-Lat. burrus, W. bwr]. bussus ous mu: lip [OIr. bus] [bod]. bussuton i no: kiss || see bussus [abs]. but is fa: existence || see essi [abs]. butos i mo: hut [W. Cor. bod, MIr. both] [bld].

C
c copular suff..: and [IE *-kwe]. cadros on: beautiful [MB. cazr, B. kaer]. caini is fa: beauty || see cainis [abs]. cainis i: handsome, beautiful [W. cein, OIr. cin]. cair is fa: berry [W. cair, ceirion, OIr. cer] [plt]. cairax cairacos fc: sheep [OIr. caera, gen. caerach] [ani]. cairotannos i mo: rowan tree || see cari and tannos [OIr. caerthann, W. cerddin] [plt]. cais i: elegant.

caitnos on: wooden || see caitos [W. coeden a tree]. caitos i mo: forest [W. coed, B. koad] [plt] [phy]. caitoviros i mo: forester, woodward; woodman || see caitos and viros [W. coedwr] [soc]. caletos on: hard [W. caled, OIr. calad]. calicos i mo: rooster, cock [W. ceiliog, OIr. cailech] [ani]. callion i no: testicle [W. caill, B. kell <* calni-] [bod]. callucos i mo: boar [OIr. callach, cullach, B. kalloch entire] [ani]. cambos on: crooked [W. cam, B. kam, OIr. camm]. camman camms nn: step || see cinget [W. cam, OIr. cimm] [abs]. cammanos i mo: path, track || see camman [phy]. canc is fa: branch [W. cainc, MIr. gc] [plt]. canecon i no: gold [Gaul. caneco-, Skt. knakam] [phy]. canecos on: golden || see canecon. canet (BI), cantlon i no: to sing. canibalcos on: showy, ostentatious || see canis and balcos [W. ceinfalch]. canibitus ous mu: pleasant world or condition || see canis and bitus [W. ceinfyd] [abs] [rel]. canextis s fi: fine or elegant language || see canis and iextis [W. ceiniaith] [mss]. caninertos on: strong, sturdy || see canis and nerton [W. ceinnerth]. canis i: fine, fair [W. cein]. canivtus ous mu: fine poetry || see canis and vatus [W. ceinwawd] [mss] [soc]. canivindos on: splendidly white, fine; beautiful || see canis and vindos [W. ceinwyn]. canivolcos i mo: valiant hero || see canis and volcos [W. ceinwalch] [soc]. canta prep.: [+ acc.] by, with [W. B. cant, OIr. ct- ceta,]. canti adv.: therefore, then || see canta and idi. cantlon i no: song || see canet [mss] [soc]. cantometos on: one hundredth (100th) || see canton [num]. canton i no: one hundred [W. cant, B. kant, Cor. cans, OIr. ct, IE *kmtom] [num]. caran(t)s antos m-ft: friend || see cart [Gaul. carant-, W. cr pl. ceraint, OIr. cara, gen. carat] [soc]. caranti is fa: friendship || see carans [abs]. carantodios on: friendly || see carans and odios. cart (AI), tserc is fa: to love [W. caraf I love, OIr. carim, caraim]. caratcos on: kind || see cart and cos [Brit.-Lat. Caratacvs, OIr. carthach]. caratos on: loved || see cart and tos. caraunos on: lover || see cart and aunos. carn is fa: heap of stones, cairn [W.OIr. carn, B. karn] [phy]. carnus ous mu: horn [W. corn, B. korn, MIr. corn] [ani]. carnux ucos mc: Celtic war-trumpet [Lat. carnyx] [hte] [war]. carpenton i no: chariot [Gaul. carpento-, OB. cerpit, W. cerbyd, OIr. carpat] [hte]. caros on: friendly || see cart [Ir. cra(d)]. caroviros i mo: kinsman, relative; friend, loved one || see caros and viros [W. carwr] [soc]. carrecis s fi: rock [OW. carrecc, B. karrekk, OIr. carric] [phy]. carros i mo: dray, wagon, cart [W. car, OIr. carr] [hte]. caru(t)s tos mt: hero [soc]. caruos i mo: stag, hart [W. carw, Cor. caruu, B. caru, Ir. cirrfhiadh] [ani].

cassidanos i mo: priest [Gaul. cassidanos flamen] [rel] [soc]. cassis s mi: hate [Ir. cais, W. cs, B. cas] [mss]. castrx cos fa: town, city [W. caer, B. kaer, OIr. cathir, Lat. castrum] [bld]. catarnos on: mighty, brave [W. cadarn]. catei is fa: Gaulish dart, a kind of weapon [Lat. cateia tela gallica] [hte] [war]. catros on: handsome, powerful [W. cadr]. cattos i mo: a cat [Gaul. cattos, W. cath, OIr. cat] [ani]. catubarros i mo: helmet || see catus and barros [OIr. cathbarr] [hte] [war]. catulissos i mo: camp, head-quarters || castle bailey, wall, entrenchment || see catus and lissos [W. cadlys] [bld]. catumagos magios ns: battle, tumult, insurrection || battlefield, plain || see catus and magos [W. cadfa] [phy] [war]. catus ous mu: a battle [Gaul. catv-, W. cad, Cor. cas, OIr. cath] [war]. catuslougos i mo: army, warband || see catus and slougos [war]. catuvellaunos i mo: battle-general, warlord || see catus and vellaunos [war]. catuviros i mo: warrior, soldier, fighter, champion || see catus and viros [W. cadwr, OIr. caither] [soc] [war]. catuvolcos i mo: hero || champion || see catus and volcos [W. cadwalch] [soc] [war]. cavallos i mo: horse [W. ceffyl, B. caval, OIr. capall] [ani]. cavannus ous mu: an owl [OB. couann, W. cuan, Fr. chouette] [ani]. cavaros on: great. cavaros i mo: a giant [W. caur, Cor. caur, OIr. curad hero] [rel]. caxtos on: captured, taken, (by inference) slave; pass. part. of gabiet [W. caeth slave, confined]. cede adv.: although [W. cyd, OIr. ce]. cei adv.: here || see c. celet (BI), clit is fa: to hide [OIr. celid, cleth]. celtis s mi: fighter [IE *kel- strike] [war] || nobleman; member of the free class (by extension of fighter; cf. knight in English) [soc]. cemencos on: helping, supportive || see cemenon and cos. cemenobrogi s ni: strip of land on the beach above the high-water mark where boats are laid for the winter || see cemenon and brogi [W. cefnfro] [phy]. cemenolugr is fa: crescent moon || see cemenon and lugr [W. cefnlloer] [sky]. cemenomori s ni: ocean || flood || the main || see cemenon and mori [W. cefnfor] [phy]. cemenon i no: back [W. cefn] [bod]. cemenoviros i mo: one who turns his back, seceder; winner, victor; supporter, encourager; full-back || see cemenon and viros [W. cefnwr] [soc]. cemenxelos on: high ridged, high backed || see cemenon and xelos [W. cefnuchel]. cena prep.: [+ acc.] without [OIr. cen]. cerd is fa: craft, skill [W. cerdd] [abs]. cervisi is fa: beer [Gaul.-Lat. cervisia, Sp. cerveza] [fod]. ceti is fa: room [bld]. c adv.: here || see cei. ccc is fa: meat [fod] || muscle [bod] || breast [bod]. cilios i mo: companion; husband, spouse, fellow [W. cilydd, OIr. cle] [fam] [soc]. cinges cingetos mt: warrior, soldier [Gaul. cingeto-, OIr. cingim I step, I march, cing warrior] [war].

cinget (BI), camman camms nn: to walk, to step [OIr. cingid, cimm, MW. cam]. cintamos on: foremost; irreg. superlative of cintus [num]. cintis ios: first more; irreg. comparative of cintus. cintugnatos i mo: first born || see cintus and gnatos [fam]. cintus u: first [Gaul. cintu-, W. cynt, B. kent, OIr. ct, ctna] [num]. cintuxos on: first || see cintus [num]. civox civocos mc: mist, fog [OIr. ce, gen. ciach] [sky] [phy]. cladios i mo: sword [W. cleddyf, OIr. claideb] [hte] [war]. cladioviros i mo: swordsman, gladiator, fencer; (fig.) controversialist, opponent || see cladios and viros [W. cleddyfwr] [soc] [war]. clros i mo: table [OIr. clr, W. clawr] [hte]. clt is fa: hurdle, fence, grid [W. clywd, Cor. cluit, B. kloned, OIr. cliath] [hte]. clevet (BI), clevetus ous mu: to hear. clevetus ous mu: hearing || see clevet [bod]. clinutor (DBV), cloust ias fa: to hear; to come to s.o.s ears || see cluiet [OIr. cluinethar, clas, W. clust ear]. clit is fa: hiding || see celet [OIr. cleth] [abs]. clitos on: hidden || see celet [OIr. cleth]. clocc is fa: bell [W.Cor. cloch, OIr. clocc, Fr. cloche] [hte]. cloust is fa: ear || see clinutor [W. clust, OIr. clas] [bod]. clovetus ous mu: hearing, listening || see cluiet [bod]. cluiet (BII) / clut (AII), clovetus ous mu: to hear, to listen to || see clinutor [Gaul. cluiou, W. clyw, clywed]. cluti is fa: fame || see cluiet [abs] [soc]. clutos on: famous || see cluti. cnamis s mi: bone [OIr. cnim] [bod]. cnos on: patronymical adjectival suff., son/daughter of [Gaul. cnos, -gnos]. cnous cnovos acc. cnoun fu diph.: nut [OIr. cn,W. cneuen, pl. cnau] [plt]. cnuccos i mo: mound, hillock [W. cnwch, OIr. cnoc] [phy]. co pref.: see con. cobletos on: as broad; irreg. equative of letanos. cobros i mo: help, support [abs]. coi adv.: here || see cei [Ogham coi, OIr. c]. coilomori s ni: strait, channel, sound || see coilos and mori [W. culfor] [phy]. coilos on: thin, lean [OIr. cel,W. cul]. coilovassos i mo: a thin lad; esp. one lovesick || see coilos and vassos [W. culwas] [soc]. coiloviros i mo: lean or lanky person || see coilos and viros [W. culwr] [soc] [war]. coimos on: dear, beloved [OIr. cem, W. cu]. coimovolcos i mo: harrier || see coimos and volcos [W. cudwalch] [ani]. colinnos i mo: holly [W. celyn, Cor. celin, B. kelenn (pl.), OIr. cuilenn] [plt]. com prep: see con. comalti ias fa: foster sister || see comaltios [fam] [soc]. comaltios i mo: foster brother [OIr. comaltae, W. cyfaill friend] [fam] [soc]. comantis i: as big; irreg. equative of mros || as many; irreg. equative of elus. comarct (AII), comarcon i mo: to demand, to request || see arct [MIr. comarc, W. cyfarch]. comarcon i mo: demand, request || see comarct [MIr. comarc,W. cyfarch] [abs].

comarelai is fa: a warning || see com and are [OIr. comairle] [mss]. comberet (BI), combert is fa: to receive, to get || see com and beret. combert is fa: reception || see comberet [abs]. combrox brogos mg: compatriot, fellow countryman; comrade || see com and brox [soc]. commedietor (DBII), commessus ous mu: to rule, to command || see com and medietor [OIr. comidethar, comus]. commessus ous mu: rule, command || see commedietor [soc]. commos on: equal [OIr. cumme indifferent]. comremmus ous mu: championship, contest || see com and rdet [OIr. comram] [soc]. con prep.: [+ abl.] with [OIr. co n, MW. ky-t, IE *kom] || con equative pref: as [e.g. condrucos cavar as bad as a giant]. condagos on: as good; irreg. equative of dagos. condari is fa: anger, rage || madness [W. cyndaredd] [mss]. condaridubnos on: very irascible || see condari and dubnos. condrucos on: as bad; irreg. equative of drucos. congabagl is fa: obtention || see congabiet [abs]. congabiet (BII), congabagl is fa: to hold, to obtain || see con and gabiet [OIr. congaib]. coni concessive clause: although [<*con-i] [e.g. coni buet crundis, ns letanos so sctos although it may be round, it is not wide that shield]. contrebi is fa: city, town || see con and treb [Celtib. Ko.n.t.r.e.bi.a] [bld]. corios i mo: army, troop [W. cordd, OIr. cuire] [war]. corros on: short | dwarf [OIr. gerr, W. gerran dwarf]. cortos i mo: enclosure [Celtib. ko.r.to.n.o.m, W. garth, OIr. gort field] [phy]. cosamali is fa: parity, likeness || see co and samalis [OIr. cosmaile] [abs]. cositos on: as long; irreg. equative of sros. cospon i no: correction, rightness [W. cosp, OIr. cosc] [abs]. cospos on: correct, right, proper || see cospon. covrilnos on: full and accurate, correct and complete || see covris and lnos [W. cywirlawn]. covris i: right, correct, fit, worth-while || see co and vros [W. cywir, OIr. coir]. covrovassos i mo: faithful youth or servant || see covris and vassos [W. cywirwas] [soc]. covroviros i mo: corrector; upright and sincere person || see covris and viros [W. cywirwr] [soc]. cox is fa: leg [OIr. coss, W. coes] [bod]. crabtis s m-fi: scribe, writer || see crabet [soc]. crabet (BI), crabon i mo: to write [Neol., cfs. W. crafu scratch]. crabon i mo: a writing, a scripture || see crabet [hte]. cradiodonios i mo: novice, recruit; probationer || see cradion and donios [W. creddyn] [soc]. cradion i no: heart [W. craidd, B. kreiz center] [bod]. cremios i mo: garlic [W. craf, OIr. crem] [plt]. cretm is fa: belief, religion || see crett [rel]. crett (AII), cretm is fa: to believe [W. credu, OIr. cretid, cretem]. crext is fa: scar [W. craith, OIr. crcht wound] [bod]. crexticos on: scarred || see crext. critus ous mu: shake, quiver [OW. crit, OIr. crith] [bod].

crobos i mo: claw [W. crafanc] [ani]. crocenos i mo: skin [B. krochen, Cor. crohen, W. croen, OIr. crocenn] [bod]. crou crovos acc. croun nu diph: blood [Cor. crow, W. crau, OIr. cr, cr] [bod]. crouc is fa: hill [W. crug, OIr. crach] [phy]. croudis i: hard, difficult [OIr. cruaid]. crottis s fi: lyre, harp [W. crwth, Ir. croit] [hte]. crundis i: round [OIr. cruind, W. crwn, B. krenn]. c cunos mn: dog [W. ci, pl. cwn, B. ki, pl. koun, OIr. c, gen. con] [ani]. cularon i no: cucumber, ground nut [B. coloren, W. cylor, Ir. cularn] [plt]. clos i mo: bottom, arse [OIr. cl, W. cil, Cor. chil, B. kil] [bod]. cumb is fa: chest cavity, body [W. cwm valley, OIr. com, coim] [bod]. curmi s ni: beer [OIr. cuirm, MW. cwrwf] [fod]. curmisagios on: drunkard || see curmi [soc]. curucos i mo: boat [W. cwrwg, OIr. curach] [hte]. cuti [..]? interr. adv.: where? [IE *kwu-].

D
dagos on: good, kind [OIr. dag-, W. da]. dallos on: blind [W.B. dall, OIr. dall]. dam is fa: ox, stag, roe [OIr. dam, Cor. da, MB. dauat sheep] [ani]. dannos i mo: curator, magistrate [soc]. dant dantos nt: a tooth [W.B. dant, Cor. dans, OIr. dt] [bod]. dantomelissos on: toothsome, sweet-toothed || see dant and melissos [W. dantfelys]. dnus ous mu: gift, talent [W. dawn, MIr. dn] [abs]. daru uos mu: oak [OIr. dair, gen. darach, W.Cor. dar] [plt]. datl ias fa: assembly, gathering, meeting, moot [OW. datl, OB. dadlu, OIr. dl] [soc]. datlis s fi: division, distribution || see datlt [abs]. datlt (AII), datlis s fi: to divide, to distribute [OIr. dil-]. du du du irreg.: two [W. dau (m.), dwy (f.); OIr. d (m.), d (f.), da n- (neutr.)] [num]. ducanton i no: two hundred || see du and canton [num]. dudecan indecl.: twelve || see du and decan [num]. de enclitic particle: emphatically used with reflexive pref. sue for 3rd p. pronouns [e.g. suedeis he himself, suedes she herself]. decametos on: tenth [OIr. dechmad, W.B. decvet] [num]. decan indecl.: ten [OW. dec, OIr. deich n-] [num]. decan(t)s tos mt: tithe [abs] [num]. degi is fa: pressure, squeeze || see denget [bod] [phy]. deis adv.: yesterday || see ds [MB. dech, W. y ddoe, OIr. indh, IE *gdiis]. delget (BI), delgon i no: to hold, to keep [B. dalch, MW. daly]. delgon i no: holding || see delget [abs]. delu is fa: image, shape, figure, form || see dolut [W. delw, OIr. delb] [abs]. denget (BIII), degi is fa: to press, to squeeze [MIr. dingim, perf. dedaig]. depret (BI), depron i no: to eat. depron i no: eating || see depret [bod].

deprosagios on: glutton || see depret. dercat (BIV), pret. dedorce, rodarcon i no: to see [OIr. dercaim]. dercomarcos i mo: horses eye see dercon and marcos [ani]. dercon i no: eye [OIr. derc] [bod]. ds adv.: yesterday || see deis [<*gdiis]. dv is fa: goddess || see dvos [rel]. dvocaros on: pious, devout || see dvos and caros [W. duwgar]. dvodonios i mo: demigod || see dvos and donios [W. duwddyn] [rel]. dvos i mo: god, deity [Gaul. dvo, OW. duiu, OIr. dia, IE *deiwo-] [rel]. Dexov is fa: the South || see dexovos [sky]. dexovos on: right [W. deheu, OIr. dess, IE *deks- right, correct]. d prep.: from (out of). dbrogitus ous mu: exile || see d and brogi [B. divroa] [soc]. dregus u: right, straight || see d and regus [OIr. driug]. dius divos acc. diun mu diph.: day [W. dydd, OIr. dia] [sky]. dvedon i no: an end [W. diwedd, B. devezh] [abs]. divertet (BI), diverton i no: to turn [IE *wer-t- to turn, to roll]. diverton i no: turning || see divertet [abs]. do prep.: [+ abl.] to, for [Celtib. to, OB. do da, OIr. do du] || final clause: [e.g. sctos essi do din, the shield is for defence] || do aiv adv.: for ever || see aivi. dolion i no: a leaf [W. dalen, MB. del, Ir. duille] [plt]. dolut (AI), delu is fa: to shape, to form, to mould [W. delw, OIr. dolbaid, delb]. doniocaroviros i mo: philanthropist || see donios and caroviros [W. dyngarwr] [soc]. doniodios on: human [OIr. donde]. donios i mo: person, human being [OIr. duine, W. dyn, B. den] [abs]. drucos on: bad, evil [W. drwg, OIr. droch-]. drits dridos md: druid, wizard, holyman [Gaul. druis, OIr. dru] [rel] [soc]. drunemeton i mo: holy grove || see nemeton [rel]. drungos i mo: people, a crowd [OIr. drong, OB. drogn] [soc]. du peyorative pref.: negative, evil-, un- [e.g. duviros a bad man]. dubnon i no: abyss || see dubnos [phy]. dubnos on: deep || as a suff., intensive value [e.g. togis pleasant > togidubnos very pleasant] [W. dwfn, OIr. domain]. dubroduoron i no: floodgate, sluice [W. dyfrddor] [hte]. dubron i no: water [W. dwfr, B. dour, OIr. dobur] [phy]. dubronatr is fa: water-snake, water-serpent || see dubron and natr [W. dyfrneidr] [ani]. dubrosentus ous mu: valley, vale bottom || see dubron and sentus [W. dyffryn(t)] [phy]. dubus u: black [OIr. dub, W. B. du, IE *dhubh- to smoke]. ducaris i: hostile || see du and caros. duci adv.: as || see do and c to this/here [Gaul. duci]. ducn adv.: as in || see duci and in. ducospis i: rebellious, disobedient || see du and cospos. dugiet (BII), dugion i no: to worship [Gaul. dugii]. dugion i no: worship || see dugiet [rel]. dumnon i no: world [Gaul. dumno-, W. dyfn, OIr. domun] [phy] [rel]. dunnos on: dark, brown [W. dwn, OIr. donn].

dnon i no: a fort, a castle, a hillfort [Lat.-Gaul. -dunum] [bld] [war]. duorcon i no: portal, portico || see duoron and cos [bld]. duorocaletos on: having an impenetrable door or entrance, hard to open, shut fast || see duoron and caletos [W. dorgaled]. duoron i no: door, gate [W. dr, B. dor, IE *dhwer-] [bld] [hte]. duratis i: unfortunate, disgraced || see du and raton [Gaul. dvrati]. durton i no: disgrace || see du and raton [abs]. durnos i mo: fist [Gaul. Durnacos, W. dwrn, B.OIr. dorn] [bod]. dusn is fa: storm, bad weather || see du and sn [OIr. doinenn] [phy]. dusios i mo: demon, bad spirit [OIr. dsacht rage, madness] [rel]. duxtr duxtros fr: daughter [fam].

E
edon i no: place [OIr. ed space, ined place] [abs]. ei: see . eis: see ses. eis [acc. eis, gen. eion, dat. eiobo, abl.-inst. eiobi; sing. is]: they (m.). elercos i mo: swan [Cor. elerch, W. alarch, MIr. ela] [ani]. elues eluon nn pl.: many [Gaul. Helvetii, Helvii, OIr. il]. elus i: many. encet (BI), ancon i mo: to come [OIr. r-icc, t-icc; air-ec, cum-ang]. endo adv.: there, then [OIr. and, W. yn-o]. endo nu adv.: then. enepon i no: face; honour, praise [W. enep, OIr. enech] [abs] [bod]. enigen is fa: girl, kid, lass [Ogham inigena, OIr. ingen] [soc]. entra prep.: [+ acc.] into, inside [Celtib. e.n.ta.r.a., IE *entrd]. epa(t)s epatos mt: cavalier, knight || see epos [soc] [war]. epodios on: horse-like [Ogham eqoddi] || see epos. eporedios i mo: horse rider || see epos and rdet [war]. eporetos i mo: a chariot || see epos and rdet [hte]. epos i mo: a horse || see capallos and marcos [W. ebol colt, OIr. ech, IE *ekwo-] [ani]. eri adv.: because [IE *(p)eri]. eri prep.: [+ abl.] about [W. B. er, OIr. ir, IE *peri]. rom prep.: see ron. ron prep.: [+ abl.] after [OIr. ar, IE *epirom]. es prep.: see ex. sc is fa: water [OIr. esc] [phy]. scitis i: fisher || see scos. scos i mo: fish [OIr. asc] [ani]. esgalos on: timid, afraid || see es and galos [OIr. cal]. esnertis i: infirm, insecure || see es and nertos [OIr. nirt]. esox esocos mc: salmon [Gaul.-Lat. esox, W. ehawc, Cor. ehog, B. eog, OIr. o] [ani]. esset (BI), ession i no: to eat [OB. esat, W. ysu]. essi (irreg.), but is fa: to be [IE *si, *bhu].

ession i no: eating || see esset [bod]. etam is fa: feather [ani]. eti adv.: and [IE *eti]. etic adv.: moreover || see eti and c [IE *eti-kwe]. etnos i mo: a bird [OW. etn, OIr. n] [ani]. ex prep.: [+ abl.] out of, ex [W. ech, OIr. ess, IE *eks] || ex privative pref.: without, with no, -less. exballut (BIV), exbelatus ous mu: to die [OIr. atbaill]. exbelatus ous mu: the act of dying || see exballut [OIr. epeltu] [abs]. exet (BI), exetus ous mu: to fly. exetus ous mu: flight || see exet [ani] [phy]. exobnos on: fearless, hardy, intrepid || see ex and obnus [Gaul. exobnos, W. ehofn]. extos adv.: but [OIr. act, acht]. extra prep.: [+ acc.] outside [OIr. echtar, W. eithyr, IE *ekstrd]. exuinnt (AI), exuinnatus ous mu: to testify || see vinnt. exuinnatus ous mu: testimony, evidence || see exuinnt [abs].

F
frocn is fa: nose [W. ffroen, B. froan, OIr. srn] [bod]. frutus ous mu: stream [W. ffrwd, OIr. sruth] [phy].

G
gabagl is fa: capture, conquest || see gabiet [OIr. gabl] [abs]. gabiet (BII), gabagl is fa: to take [W. gafael, OIr. gaibid; gabl]. gablos i mo: gable, fork [OIr. gabul, W. gafl, B. gaol] [hte]. gabros i mo: a goat [B. gabr, W. gafr, Cor. gauar, OIr. gabor] [ani]. gaios i mo: spear [OIr. ge] [hte] [war]. gaiton i no: wind [OIr. gith] [phy]. gal is fa: courage, valour [OIr. gal, Fr. gaillard] [mss]. gallet (BI), gallon i no: to be able, to can [W. gallu, B. galloud]. gallon i no: ability, capability || see gallet [abs]. gal is fa: valour, courage, bravery [OB. gal puissance, OIr. gal]. galos on: valiant, courageous, brave || see gal. garanos i mo: crane [Gaul. Trigaranos three cranes] [ani]. gargos on: frenetic, fierce, furious [OIr. garg]. gariet (BII), garman garms nn: to call [MW. garm, OIr. gairid; gairm]. garman garms nn: a call, a shout || see gariet [mss]. garuobton i no: bitter food || see garuos and bton [W. garwfwyd] [fod]. garuomori s ni: rough sea || see garuos and mori [W. garwfor] [phy]. garuos on: rough [W. garw, OIr. garb]. gv is fa: falsehood, lie [W. gau, OIr. g] [mss]. gvos -on: false || see gv [W. gau, OIr. g].

genet is fa: girl [Gaul. geneta, W. geneth] [soc]. genos on: born [OIr. gn]. genus ous mu: mouth [W. gn, Cor. genau, OIr. gin] [bod]. geslometos on: one thousandth (1000th) || see canton [num]. geslon i no: one thousand [Neol., IE *gheslom] [num]. giamos i mo: winter [Gaul. giamos, W. gaeaf, OIr. gaem, IE *gheim-] [sky]. glanos on: clean, pure [B. glan, OIr. glan, W. glain]. glassos on: green [OW.B. glas]. glnos i mo: knee [OIr. gln, W.B. glin] [bod]. gnat is fa: daughter [fam]. gntos on: known [OIr. gnth custom, W. gnawd]. gnatos i mo: son [fam]. gneiet (BII), gnmus ous mu: to do. gnet (BII), vissus ous mu: to know (by active learning) || see vidre and vinetor [Gaul. gniIou, OW. gnou]. gnmus ous mu: act, doing || see gneiet [abs]. goba gobanos mn: (black) smith [OW. gob, W. pl. gofion, OIr. goba, gen. gobann] [soc]. gobbos i mo: a beak [Ir. gob] [ani]. gonet (BI) / gont (AI), goni s ni: to wound, to kill (by striking) [OIr. gonim I wound]. goni s ni: wound [Ir. gon] [bod] [war]. gorgos on: fierce, angry, cruel, ruthless, gruesome [OIr. garg]. gortoncos on: rural, rustic || see gortos. gortos i mo: enclosure, pen [OIr. gort, W. garth, B. garz] [bld]. grend is fa: beard [W.B. grann eyelid, OIr. grand, Sp. grea tangled hair, OFr. grenon beard of cheek and lip] [bod]. guedi is fa: prayer || see guediet [OIr. guide] [rel]. guediet (BII), guedi is fa: to pray [OIr. guidiu, guide]. gnn is fa: fur-lined cloak, coat or tunic [W. gwn, Ir. gna] [clt]. gussus ous mu: vigour [OIr. gus] [abs]. gututr tros mr: a kind of priest || see gutus and tr [rel]. gutus ous mu: voice [Gaul. gutu-, OIr. guth] [mss].

I
/ ei [acc.-voc. /ei, rest same as eis; sing. id]: they (3rd p. pl. neut. pronoun). i suff.: it; direct object indicator after a verb ending in consonant. i is fa: abstract and colective derivative clause: -ship, -dom [e.g. carans friend > caranti friendship] || suff.: them (neut.); direct object indicator after a verb ending in consonant. iacc is fa: health, healing [W. iechyd, OIr. cc] [abs]. iaccoviros i mo: healer, quack || see iacc and viros [W. iechydwr] [soc]. iaccolavenos on: alive and well, cheerful and well, hale and hearty, safe and sound || see iacc and lavenos [W. llawen, B. laouen]. ian suff.: her; direct object indicator after a verb ending in consonant.

inobalcos on: truly or rightly proud or fine || see inos and balcos [W. iawnfalch]. inobitus ous mu: proper or worthy life || see inos and bitus [W. iawnfyd] [abs]. inodagos on: very good or well, excellent, just || see inos and dagos [W. iawndda]. inomapos i mo: true son, rightful son || see inos and mapos [W. iawnfab] [fam]. inopennon i no: rightful head || see inos and pennon [W. iawnben] [mss]. inos on: just, righteous [W. iawn, B. ieun]. inotout is fa: heaven || see inos and tout [W. iawndud] [rel]. inovidus ous mu: good stock, true lineage || see inos and vidus [W. iawnwydd] [soc]. inoviros i mo: just man || see inos and viros [W. iawnwr] [soc]. iaris s fi: hen [W. iaren, Cor. yar, B. iarik, MIr. eirin] [ani]. arnnos on: made of iron || see arnon [OB. hoiernin] [hte] [phy]. arnocoilos on: hard and thin || see arnon and coilos [W. haearncul]. arnodubus u: iron-grey, lead-coloured; grim || see arnon and dubus [W. haearnddu]. arnoduoron i no: iron gate || defence || armour || see arnon and duoron [W. haearnddor] [abs] [bld]. arnon i no: iron [W. haearn <*(i)sarnon, OIr. arn, IE *esro-no- red, bloody metal; or IE *ayos-, *ayes- metal] [phy]. irnoviros i mo: ironmonger, ironmaster, ironworker; wearer of steel mail || see arnon and viros [W. haearnwr] [soc]. is suff.: them (f.); direct object indicator after a verb ending in consonant. ibet (BI), ibetus ous mu: to drink [OW. iben we drink, OIr. ibid]. ibetus ous mu: a drink, the act of drinking || see ibet [bod]. cos on: adjetival suff.; -ish, -y || see cos. idi [acc. idi, rest same as is; pl. /ei]: it (3rd p. sing. neut.). iegarcin is fa: skate || see iegis and arcin [clt]. iegiretet (BI), iegiretus ous mu: to skate || see iegis and retet. iegiretus ous mu: skating || see iegiretet [soc]. iegis s fi: ice [OIr. aig, W. i] [phy]. ievisamos on: youngest; irreg. superlative of iovincos. ievs vos: younger; irreg. comparative of iovincos. iexticaros on: devoted to learning languages, linguist || see iextis and caros [W. ieithgar]. iextimros on: eloquent; capable of fluent and expressive language || see iextis and mros [W. ieithfawr]. iextis s fi: language [Gaul. ieg- or iexs-, W. iaith, B. yezh] [mss]. iextiviros i mo: one who has thorough knowledge or command of a language or languages (esp. foreign languages); linguist, grammarian, philologist || see iextis and viros [W. ieithwr] [soc]. il(l)os on: diminutive adjetival suff.; little-, -y [e.g. mapos boy > mapilos little boy]. im prep.: used instead of in when the next work begins with p-, b- or m-. in prep.: [+ acc.] into, to || [+ abl./loc.] in, at [OIr.OW.OB. in, IE *eni]. in suff.: him; direct object indicator after a verb ending in consonant. inedon i no: place || see edon [abs]. inissis s fi: island [W. ynys, OIr. inis] [phy]. nos on: adjetival suff.; made of [e.g. arnon iron > arnnos iron-made]. inter prep.: [+ acc.] between, among [OW. ithr, OIr. etir, eter, IE *enter].

inti prep.: [+ acc.] with (instrumental) [OIr. ind, W. yn, IE*nti]. io relative clause: that [e.g. merc io carai the girl that I love]. io relative suff.: that [e.g. merc caraiio the girl that I love]. ion : adv.: while, when [<IE*iom] || temporal clause: when [e.g. ion ban maru when they were dead]. ios i ion: sustantivation suff. [e.g. virios manly, vindis the white one]. iovincetos on: as young; irreg. equative of iovincos. iovincos on: young [W. ieuanc, OIr. ac]. s [acc. in/eion, gen. eio, dat. ei, abl.-inst. em/ei; pl. eis]: he (3rd p.sing.m.). ssu prep.: [+ acc.] underneath [OIr. s, W. is, IE *pdsu to the feet]. isamos on: adjetival superlative suff.; -est, the most [e.g. axrisamos tallest]. isetos on: adjetival equative suff.; asas [e.g. axrisetos cavar as tall as a giant]. issamos on: lowest; irreg. superlative of isselos. isselobitus ous mu: low condition, straitened circumstances, poverty, hardship, adversity; terrestrial world || see isselos and bitus [W. iselfyd] [abs] [rel]. isselomori s ni: neap-tide || see isselos and mori [W. iselfor] [phy]. isselos on: low [W. B. isel, OIr. sel]. isseloviros i mo: person of low(er) degree or state; inferior || see isselos and viros [W. iselwr] [soc]. issetos on: as low; irreg. equative of isselos. issis ios: lower; irreg. comparative of isselos. itet (BI), ition i no: to eat [OIr. ithid, ithe]. ition i no: lunch || see itet [bod]. itus ous mu: a walk || see itt [abs]. is suff.: them (m.); direct object indicator after a verb ending in consonant. is ios: adjetival comparative suff.; -er, more [e.g. axris taller]. ivos i mo: yew [W. yw, B. ivin] [plt]. ixe adv.: or [IE *iste, *-ue]. ixos on: such [Fr. a mme].

L
labartor (DAI), labartus ous mu: to speak [OIr. labraithir, labrad]. labartus ous mu: speech || see labartor [mss]. labari is fa: speech, address || see labartor [mss]. labarion i no: speech, address || see labartor [mss]. lagisamos on: smallest; irreg. superlative of biccos. lagis ios: smaller, minor, less; irreg. comparative of biccos [OIr. lugu, laigiu, lau, l, W. llei, B. lau]. laiet (BI), lasson i no: to fold. lm is fa: hand [OIr. lm, W. llaw] [bod]. lmocaletos on: miserly, tenacious, niggardly || hard-handed, severe || see lm and caletos [W. llawgaled]. lmocovris i: impartial, even-handed, unbiased || see lm and covris [W. llawgywir]. lmoiextis s fi: manual sign language || see lm and iextis [W. llawiaith] [mss].

lmoioviros i mo: handler, guzzler || see lm and viros [W. llawiwr] [soc]. lmoletanos on: generous || see lm and letanos. lmoroudocaros on: murderous || see lmoroudos and caros [W. llofruddgar]. lmoroudos on: murderer, homicide, slayer || see lm and roudos [W. llofrudd]. lmoroudoviros i mo: murderer || see lmoroudos and viros [W. llofruddwr] [soc]. land is fa: enclosure, land [OIr. land, W. llan, B. lann] [phy]. lnobitus ous mu: prosperity, abundance, plenitude, world of plenty, world of bliss (of heaven) || see lnos and bitus [W. llawnfyd] [abs] [rel]. lnocaros on: complete || see lnos and caros [W. llawngar]. lnodagos on: very good, excellent || see lnos and dagos [W. llawndda]. lnolugr is fa: full moon || see lnos and lugr [W. llawnlloer] [sky]. lnomori s ni: high tide || ocean || see lnos and mori [W. llawnfor] [phy]. lnopennon i no: persistent or chronic headache or cephalalgia || see lnos and pennon [W. llawnben] [bod]. lnos on: full [W. llawn, B. leun, OIr. ln]. lnovri is fa: perfect truth, true fact || see lnos and vri [W. llawnwir] [abs]. laron i no: ground, soil [OB. laur, OCor. lor, W. llawr, OIr. lr] [phy]. lasson i no: fold, crease, hem, pleat || see laiet [phy]. lautcos on: rich. lavenobitus ous mu: bliss, joy, delight, happiness, felicity || see lavenos and bitus [W. llawenfyd] [abs]. lavenocaros on: expressing happiness, cheerful, glad, delightful || see lavenos and caros [W. llawengar]. lavenos on: merry, glad [W. llawen, B. laouen]. leget (BI), legion i no: to lie [Gaul. legasit, OIr. laigid, lige]. legion i no: bed, lie || see leget [W. gwe-ly, OIr. lige] [mss]. leitos on: grey [W. llwyd, OB. loit, OIr. lath]. leis u: much more; irreg. comparative of elus. lemos i mo: an elm [MIr. lem] [plt]. lescos on: idle [W. llesg, OIr. lesc]. letanos on: wide, broad [W. llydan, OIr. lethan, IE *plotno-]. letis i: wider; irreg. comparative of letanos. letisamos on: widest; irreg. superlative of letanos. leto pref.: half [e.g. letoviros half-man]. letos letios ns: side [OB. let, W. lled, OIr. leth] [abs]. leucetios i mo: lightning || see leuct [phy]. leuceton i no: light || see leuct [phy]. leuct (AII), leucitus ous mu: to enlighten || see leuceton. leucitus ous mu: enlightenment || see leuct [abs]. leucos on: bright || see leuct [IE *leuk- light, to shine]. lagis s mi: physician, doctor [OIr. liaig, legib] [soc]. libros i mo: book [W. llyfr, OIr. lebor; from Lat. liber] [hte]. licc is fa: stone [W. llech, OIr. lecc] [phy]. liccnos on: made of stone || see licc and nos. linnos i mo: pool [W. linn, Cor. lin, B. lenn, OIr. lind] [phy]. linut (BV), lon i no: to flow. lon i no: liquid || see linut [phy].

lissodius divos acc. diun mu diph.: court day || see lissos and dius [W. llysddydd] [sky]. lissodnon i no: fortified palace or court || see lissos and dnon [W. llystin] [bld]. lissos i mo: court, palace [W. llys, OIr. less] [bld]. lissovassos i mo: courtier || see lissos and vassos [W. llyswas] [soc]. lissoviros i mo: courtier; member of a court (governors, etc) || see lissos and viros [W. llyswr] [soc]. lobros on: ill, sick, weak [OW.OIr. lobur]. lobrosagiti is fa: weakness, feebleness || see lobrosagtor. lobrosagitis s fi: weakness, feebleness || see lobrosagtor. lobrosagtor (DAII), lobrosagitis s fi / lobrosagiti is fa: to weaken || see lobros and sagiet [OIr. lobraigedar]. locu ous nu: lake [Gaul. Pennolocos (gen.), OIr. loch] [phy]. lonct (AI), lonctus ous mu: to devour, to swallow [OIr. loingid, longud, W llyncu]. lonctus ous mu: gulp || see lonct [W. llwnc, OIr. longud] [bod]. londos on: harsh, fierce, wild [OIr. lond]. long is fa: ship, vessel [W. llong, OIr. long] [hte]. longassus ous mu: embarkation || see long [hte]. lorg is fa: club, staff [OIr. lorg, Cor. lorch] [hte]. lorgos i mo: track [OIr. lorg, W. llyr, B. lerch] [phy]. losct (AII), losctus ous mu: to burn [W llosg, OIr. loscid, loscad]. losctus ous mu: burning || see losct [W. llosg, OIr. loscad] [phy]. lost is fa: tail [W. llost, B. lost, Ir. los] [ani]. loud is fa: lead [MIr. luaidhe] [phy]. loudnos i mo: made of lead || see loud and nos [phy]. lougos i mo: worth, value [OIr. lg, luach] [abs]. loutuis s fi: ash [phy]. lov is fa: louse [ani]. lovon i no: rain [phy]. lubis s fi: plant, herb [OIr. luib] [plt] || taste || see lubt [bod]. lubt (AII), lubis s fi: to taste, to enjoy [IE *leubh- to love]. luccaris s fi: brightness [phy]. luco(t)s otos mt: a mouse [OIr. luch, W. llyg] [ani]. lugion i no: oath || see tonget [OIr. luighe, W. llw, B. le] [abs] [rel]. lugon i no: bending, folding || see lunget [phy]. lugr is fa: moon [W. lloer, B. loar] [sky]. lugrodvos i mo: moon-god || see lugr and dvos [W. llourduw] [rel]. lugrovindos on: white or fair as the moon; moonlit || see lugr and vindos [W. lloerwyn]. lugus ous mu: lynx [ani]. lunget (BIII), lugon i no: to bend, fold [OIr. long, -lug]. luxtodios on: burdened, loaded || see luxtus. luxtus ous mu: a tribe, group [OIr. lucht, W. llwyth] [soc] || burden, load, cargo [OIr. lucht, W. llywth] [abs].

M
ma adv.: if [<*sm] || conditional clause: if [e.g. ma nepos suantet sepimim mou if someone wants to follow me]. maglos i mo: prince [W. mael, OIr. ml] [soc]. magos magios ns: field, plain [OIr. mag, W.B. maes, Cor. ms] [phy]. magus ous mu: young servant [OIr. mug, B. mao] [soc]. mailos on: bald, hairless [OIr. mel, mil, W. moel, B. maol]. malax acos fc: eyebrow [OIr. mala, gen. malach, MB. malvenn] [bod]. mammi ias fa: foster mother [OIr. muimme] || see mtr [fam] [soc]. mant is fa: size, quantity [W. maint, OIr. mit] [abs]. mapocaros on: fond of children || see mapos and caros [W. mapgar]. mapoiextis s fi: baby-talk , unintelligible words || flattery, wanton language, fondling, indulgence, vanity, jesting || see mapos and iextis [W. mabiaith] [mss]. Maponos i mo: the Youngster, the Son || see mapos [Gaul. Maponos] [rel]. mapos i mo: boy, child, son [W. B. mab, OIr. mac] [fam] [soc]. mapovassos i mo: boy, son || see mapos and vassos [W. mapgwas] [fam] [soc]. mapoviros i mo: boy, male infant, son, youth, young man || see mapos and viros [W. mabwr] [fam] [soc]. marccos i mo: knight, cavalier || see marcos [Ir. marcach] [soc] [war]. marcisi is fa: group of riders; cavalry unit [war]. marcos i mo: a horse || see capallos and epos [W.Cor.B. march, OIr. marc] [ani]. marcostor (DAII), marcositus ous mu: to ride || see marcos. marcositus ous mu: a ride || see marcostor [ani]. mrocaran(t)s antos m-ft: great kinsman or friend || see mros and carans [W. mawrgar] [soc]. mrocatus ous mu: great battle || great army || see mros and catus [W. mawrgad] [war]. mrocoimos on: very dear, beloved || see mros and coimos [W. mawrgu]. mrodruccos on: very evil or wicked || see mros and drucos [W. mawrdrwgiog]. mrodrucos i mo: great evil, wickedness, or transgression || great misfortune || see mros and drucos [W. mawrdrwg] [abs]. mrogalos on: very passionate || exceedingly brave || see mros and galos [W. morial]. mroiextis s fi: majestic or dignified language || see mros and iextis [W. mawriaith] [mss]. mronerton i no: great power or strength || see mros and nerton [W. mawrnerth] [abs]. mronertos on: very powerful or strong || see mronerton. mrorx rgos mg: great lord || see mros and rx [W. mawri] [soc]. mros on: great, big [W. mawr, OIr. mr, IE *mar-, *mor-]. mrovellos on: greatly superior || see mros and vellos [W. mawrwell]. mroviros i mo: great man or hero || powerful leader || lord || see mros and viros [W. mawrwr] [soc]. mrovolcos i mo: powerful lord || mighty soldier, splendid fighter || see mros and volcos [W. mawrwalch] [soc] [war]. maruodios on: mortal || see maruos.

maruodius divos acc. diun mu diph.: day of death, dying day, critical day of a disease || see maruos and dius [W. marwddydd] [abs] [sky]. maruodubron i no: still or standing water, dead water, stagnant pool || slack tide, turn of the tide || see maruos and dubron [W. marwddwfr] [phy]. maruos on: dead [W. marw, OIr. marb, IE *mer-, *mor- to die]. mtr mtros fr: mother [OIr. mthir, W. modryb aunt] [fam]. matis i: kind, good [W. mad, MB. mat, OIr. maith, IE *ma-]. matus ous mu: bear [Gaul. matus, OIr. math-] [ani]. mativiros i mo: benefactor, patron || see matis and viros [W. madwr] [soc]. medietor (DBII), messus ous mu: to judge. medinon i no: middle, center [OIr. medn, W. mewn within, cf. Lat. medianum] [abs]. medu ous nu: mead, hydromel [W. medd, OIr. mid, gen. meda] [fod]. meducanis i: having excellent mead || see medu and canis [W. meddgain]. medulissos i mo: court flowing with mead || see medu and lissos [W. meddlys] [bld]. meinis s fi: ore, mine [Ir. min, W. mwyn] [phy]. meiamos on: biggest; irreg. superlative of mros. meios on: bigger; irreg. comparative of mros [W. mwy, OIr. m]. meisamos on: see meiamos. meli s ni: honey [W.B.Cor. mel, OIr. mil] [fod]. melnodubus u: yellowish brown, dark yellow, tawny, russet, roan, swarthy, dusky, mulatto || see melnos and dubus [W. melynddu]. melnocoimos i no: woad, weld, dyers rocket || see melnos and coimos [W. melyngu] [plt]. melnoroudos on: yellowish-red, auburn, tawny || see melnos and roudos [W. melynr(h)udd]. melnos on: yellow || see meli [Gaul.-Lat. melinvs, W. melyn]. melnovindos on: pale or bright yellow, yellowish white, cream, straw-coloured, sallow; having light blond hair, flaxen-haired || see melnos and vindos [W. melynwyn]. melissobton i no: sweet food, sweet dish, delicacy, dainty food, sweetmeat, dessert || see melissos and bton [W. melysfwyd] [fod]. melissobitus ous mu: happiness, bliss || see melissos and bitus [W. melysfyd] [abs]. melissodantis i: sweet-toothed || see melissos and dant [W. melysddaint]. melissoiextis s fi: sweet speech, melodious or pleasant language || see melissos and iextis [W. melysiaith] [mss]. melissos on: sweet, mild || see meli [W. melys, OIr. milis]. melissoviros i mo: sweet singer || see melissos and viros [W. melyswr] [soc]. meliviros i mo: honey merchant, provider or collector of honey || see meli and viros [W. melwr] [soc]. men is fa: wealth [OIr. min] [abs]. mend is fa: a wish || see mendet [B. menna, W. mynn, OIr. man] [mss]. mendet (BI), mend is fa: to wish || see suantet and veletor [W. mynnu]. menecci adv.: often [W. mynych, OIr. minicc]. merc is fa: a girl [W. merch, B. merc'h] [soc]. mercet is fa: daughter || see merc [fam]. messus ous mu: judgement || see medietor [OIr. mess] [abs]. meti tionos fn: idea, thought || see monietor [mss]. metos on: adjectival ordinal suff.; -eth [e.g. decametos tenth].

m [acc. me, gen. mou/mon, dat. moi, abl.-inst. mou; pl. ns]: I (1st p. sing. pronoun). mlon i no: an animal [W. mil, OIr. ml] [ani]. min is fa: snout, lip or mouth [W. min lip, B.Cor. min snout, OIr. mn mouth] [ani] [bod]. minnos i mo: goat kid [W. myn, Cor. min, B. menn, Ir. meann] [ani]. misgos i mo: mix [W. mysgu, OIr. mescaim] [abs]. misso pref: false, pseudo- [e.g. missoviros a seeming, false man]. mts mssos ms irreg.: month [W.B.Cor. mis, OIr. m, gen. ms] [sky]. mitsg is fa: whey [Ir. medg clotted cream, W. maidd] [fod]. moccus us fu: a pig [W. moch, B. moch, OIr. mucc] [ani]. moccuviros i mo: swine herd, pig drover, pig dealer, untidy workman, one who makes a mess || see moccus and viros [W. mochwr] [soc]. moltor (AI), moltus ous mu: to extol, to exalt, to praise [W. moli, mawl, OIr. molid]. moltus ous mu: a praise || see moltor [abs]. moltos i mo: mutton, wedder [W. mollt, Cor. mols, B. maout, OIr. molt, Fr. mouton] [ani]. monici is fa: necklace, torc || see moniclos [hte]. moniclos i mo: neck [W. mwnwgl, OIr. muinl] [bod]. monietor (DBII), meti tionos fn: to think [OIr. muinethar, er-mitiu]. monios i mo: mountain [W. mynydd, MB. menez, OIr. monadh] [phy]. mori s ni: the sea [W. mr, OIr. muir, Lat. mare] [phy]. moribton i no: seafood, fishfood || see mori and bton [W. morfwyd] [fod]. moricatus ous mu: sea battle, naval battle || see mori and catus [W. morgad] [war]. moridvos i mo: sea-god || see mori and dvos [W. mordduw] [rel]. morimapos i mo: merman || see mori and mapos [W. morfab] [rel]. morimlon i no: whale; sea-monster; the constellation Cetus or the Whale || see mori and mlon [W. morfil] [ani]. morimoccus us fu: porpoise, dolphin || see mori and moccus [W. morfoch] [ani]. morinantus ous mu: sea inlet, firth, estuary || see mori and nantus [W. mornant] [phy]. morinatr is fa: lamprey; pipe-fish, needle-fish; sea snake, sea serpent; sea serpent (sea monster) || see mori and natr [W. morneidr] [ani]. moripennon i no: promontory, headland, cape, isthmus || see mori and pennon [W. morben] [phy]. moritex textos mt: sailor, seaman, mariner [Gaul. moritex] [soc]. moriviros i mo: sailor, seaman, mariner || see mori and viros [W. mor(i)wr] [soc]. movos on: mine [MW. meu]. moxu adv.: soon [MW. moch, OIr. mos, Lat. mox]. mccus ous mu: smoke [OIr. mch, W. mwg] [phy].

N
nac adv.: see nec. nman(t)s antos mt: enemy, foe [Gaul. namanto-, OIr. nma, gen. nmat] [war]. namman namms nn: binding, tie || see nascet [OIr. naidm]. nantutis i: valley-dweller; see nantus and tis. nantus ous mu: valley [Gaul. nantu-, W. B. nant] [phy].

nascet (BI), namman namms nn: to bind [OIr. naisc, naidm]. natr is fa: a snake [W. neidr, OIr. nathar] [ani]. naucons contos mt: ninety || see navan [num]. naudecan indecl.: nineteen || see navan [num]. naumetos on: ninth || see navan [Gaul. navmetos, W. nawfed] [num]. nv is fa: boat [OIr. nu, W. noe] [hte]. navan indecl.: nine [W.Cor. naw, B. nao, OIr. ni n-, IE *newno] [num]. ne adv.: no, not. nec adv.: and-not || see ne and c. nemeton i no: sanctuary, temple || see nemetos [Gaul. nemeton, OIr. nemed] [bld] [rel]. nemetos on: sacred || see nemos. nemnalt (AII), nemnalon i no: to celebrate. nemnalon i no: celebration || see nemnalt [rel] [soc]. nemos nemios ns: sky [W.Cor. nef, MB. neff, OIr. nem] [sky]. nepos on: any, some, something [MW. nep]. neptcos i mo: nephew || see neptos [fam]. neptos i mo: nephew [fam]. nertcos on: strong [Gaul.-Lat. nertacvs, OIr. nertach]. nertomros on: powerful, mighty, potent [Gaul. nertomaro-, W. nerthfaur, OIr. nertmr]. nerton i no: force, strength [W. nerth, OIr. nert, IE *@ner-, *ner-t- strength] [abs]. nertoviros i mo: one who strengthens or reinforces, fortifier, supporter, helper || see nerton and viros [W. nerthwr] [soc]. nessamos on: nearest, closest; irreg. superlative of adgossus [OIr. nessam, W. nesaf]. nessamos i mo: fellow, mate, comrade || see nessamos [soc]. nessetos on: as close; irreg. equative of adgossus. nessis ios: closer; irreg. comparative of adgossus. nts ntos mt: hero, champion [OIr. nia, gen. nath champion, brave] [soc]. neve adv.: nor || see ne and ve. ni is fa: abstract and colective derivative clause: -ship, -dom || see i. nidt (AI), nidon i no: to lay down, to set [OIr. nedh-]. nidon i no: laying down, setting || see nidt [abs]. niglos i mo: cloud [OIr. nl, pl. acc. nula] [phy] [sky]. ns [acc. nos, gen. anson, dat. am, abl.-inst. anse; sing. m]: we (1st p. pl. pronoun). nts contraction: <*ne-ess(i), it is not [OIr. n]. noviocaros on: fond of novelty || see novios and caros [W. newyddgar]. noviolugr is fa: new moon || see novios and lugr [W. newyddloer] [sky]. novios on: new [Gaul. novio-, W. newydd, OB. nouuid, OIr. nue, nuide, IE *newo-]. novioviros i mo: one who renews, innovator; modernist; novelist; newsmonger || see novios and viros [W. newyddwr] [soc]. nox noxtos ft: night [OIr. nocht] [sky]. nu adv.: now.

obnus ous mu: fear, awe [Gaul. obnus, W. ofn, OIr. omun] [mss]. odios on: adjetival suff.; related to [e.g. maruos dead > maruodios mortal]. ogros on: cold. ogros i mo: cold [W. oer, OIr. ar, IE *oug-] [abs]. oincos i mo: fair, meeting, re-union || see oinos [OIr. inach, enach] [soc]. oinodecan indecl.: eleven [num]. oinos on: one [OIr. in, en, W.Cor.B. un, IE *oino-] [num]. ollon i no: all, the whole [W.B. oll, Cor. holl. OIr. (h)uile] [abs]. ollos on: all, every || see ollon. onc(o) prep.: [+ abl.] beside, next to [W. wnc, OIr. oc, IE *onkom]. onn is fa: ash [OW. onn, onnen, B. ounnenn, Cor. onnen, Ir. uinseann] [phy]. onos on: adjetival suff.; great- || see tonos [e.g. mtr mother > mtron great mother]. ordos i mo: a hammer [OCor.B. ord, OIr. ordd, W. gordd] [hte]. orgen is fa: slaughter [OIr. orcun] [war] || sacrifice [rel]. orget (BI), orgen is fa: to kill [OIr. orgaid, orcun, OB. orgiat]. orgetos on: killer, slayer || see orget [Gaul. orgeto-] [war]. ort ortonos mn: a thumb [OIr. orddu, gen. ordan] [bod]. orxtos on: a killed (man, woman, etc); pass. part. of orget [OIr. -ort]. oxt indecl.: eight [OIr. ocht n-, W. wyth, IE *okt] [num]. oxtcons contos mt: eighty [num]. oxtdecan indecl.: eighteen [num]. oxtmetos on: eighth [num]. oxtnoxtion i no: week || see nox [W. *wyth-nos eight-night(s)] [sky].

P
pan [..]? interr. adv.: when? [W.B. pan, OIr. cuin, IE *kwani in what]. pann is fa: a glass [Gaul. pannas, MW. pann,] [hte]. pari [..]? interr. adv.: why? [IE *kwa-(p)eri]. parios i mo: cauldron [W. pair, OIr. coire] [hte] [rel]. peis peis pidi [..]? interr. pronoun: who?, what? [W. pwy, Cor. pyu, B. piu, OIr. ca]. pellt (AI), pellon i mo: to move away. pellos on: far || see pellt. pellosagtor (DAII), pellosagitis s fi / pellosagiti is fa: to move away || see pellos and sagiet. pennarnos on: iron tipped, ferruled || see pennon and irnon [W. penhaearn] [hte]. pennisselos on: dejected, crestfallen, melancholic, low-spirited, downcast; humble || furtive || having a drooping head (e.g. of a flower) || low-roofed || see pennon and isselos [W. penisel]. pennobalcos on: haughty, supercilious, contemptuous, conceited || jaunty || see pennon and balcos [W. penfalch]. pennocaletos on: obstinate, stubborn, headstrong, intractable, wilful, perverse, unyielding, obdurate || see pennon and caletos [W. pengaled].

pennodonios i mo: chief, boss || excellent man || see pennon and donios [W. pendyn] [soc]. pennodubus ous mu: one of a number of black-headed birds, esp. the blackcap (warbler) and the black-headed gull [ani] || cudweed [plt] || figwort [plt] || smut [plt] || see pennon and dubus [W. penddu]. pennodubus u: black-headed, black-topped; black-haired || smutted (of cereal) || overcast || see pennon and dubus [W. penddu]. pennomros on: large-headed, thick-headed; stupid || see pennon and mros [W. penfawr]. pennomeduos on: giddy, light-headed, vertiginous, dizzydazed || drunk, intoxicated, tipsy || light-headed, stupid, fooolish || see pennon and medu [W. penfeddw]. pennomeln is fa: ragwort, groundsel || common fleabane || yellow bunting, yellowhammer || see pennon and melnos [W. penfelen] [plt]. pennon i no: a head [Gaul. penno-, W.B. penn, OIr. cenn, cend] [bod]. pennoroudos i mo: marjoram, oregano || see pennon and roudos [W. penr(h)udd] [plt]. pennosenos on: wise beyond ones years, precocious || see pennon and senos [W. penhen]. pennotamcoviros i mo: aristocrat, noble(man), gentleman [W. pendefigwr] [soc]. pennotigernos i mo: sovereign || see pennon and tigernos [W. penteyrn] [soc]. pennotreb is fa: chief town, capital || see pennon and treb [W. pen(-)tref] [bld]. pennotrebolissos i mo: court leet || see pennotreb and lissos [W. pentreflys] [bld]. pennotreboviros i mo: villager, farmer || see pennotreb and viros [W. pentrefwr] [soc]. pennovassos i mo: head servant, chief farmhand || see pennon and vassos [W. pengwas] [soc]. pennovindos on: white- or gray-haired, hoary, white-headed, white-topped || old, ancient || see pennon and vindos [W. penwyn]. pennovindos i mo: a white haired or old person || see pennon and vindos [W. penwyn] [soc]. pennxelos on: high headed || holding ones head high || see pennon and xelos [W. penuchel]. penpe indecl.: see pinpe. petrucons contos mt: forty || see petuares [num]. petrudecametos on: fourteenth || see petuares and decametos [num]. petrudecan indecl.: fourteen || see petuares and decan [num]. petrumetos on: fourth || see petuares [num]. petti is fa: share, part, piece [W.Cor. peth, OIr. cuit] [hte]. petuares petedres petur irreg.: four [Gaul. petor-, W. pedwar, B. pevar, Cor. peswar, OIr. cethir, IE *kwetwores] [num]. petuarios on: fourth || see petuares [num]. pinpe indecl.: five [Gaul. pempe, OW. pimp, Cor. pymp, B. pemp, OIr. coic, IE *penkwe] [num]. pinpecons contos mt: fifty || see pinpe [num]. pinpedecametos on: fifteenth || see pinpe and decametos [num]. pinpedecan indecl.: fifteen || see pinpe and decan [num]. pinpetos on: fifth || see pinpe [num]. po prep.: [+ acc.] till, until [W. py, OIr. co, IE *kwo-]. po [..]? interr. adv.: how? [IE *kwod].

ponc adv.: when [Gaul. ponc]. pont unos nu: small boat [Gaul. ponto, OIr. coite] [hte]. pop [...]? interr. adv.: how? pore [...]? interr. adv.: why? [MW. pyr, OIr. cair, IE *kwo-are what-before=why]. prennon i no: tree [W.B. pren, OIr. crann] [plt]. prinat (BIV), prton i no: to buy || see rinat [W. pryn-u, prid, OIr. crenaid, crth]. prton i no: buy, purchase || see prinat. pritus ous mu: form, figure [W. pryd, OIr. cruth] [abs].

R
rac(o) prep.: [+ acc.] before [W. rhag, B. rak, IE *prkom]. rdet (BI), rdon i no: to speak [OIr. rdid, rd]. rdon i no: speaking, speech || see rdet [OIr. rd] [mss]. rnis s mi: a coarse long hair [W. rhawn, Ir. rine, Cor. ruen, B. reun] [bod] [ani]. rtis s mi: fort [Gaul. ratin (acc.), OIr. rith, gen. rtha] [bld] [war]. raton i no: grace, favour [W. rhad, OIr. rath] [abs]. rdet (BI), rmman rmms nn: to ride, to drive [OIr. rdid; rimm <*reidhs-mn-]. rdios i mo: a chariot || see rdet [hte] [war]. regeni is fa: parents; nuclear family [W. rhieni] [fam]. regus u: straight [Ir. rag stiff]. rmman rmms nn: a ride, a drive || see rdet [OIr. rimm] [abs]. retet (BI), retus ous mu: to run [W. rhed-ec, OIr. rethid, riuth, perf. rith]. retus ous mu: race, run || see retet [W. rhed, OIr. rith, riuth] [abs]. rextos on: just, fair, right || see rextus [W. rhaith]. rextus ous mu: law [OIr. recht, W. cyfraith <*kom-rectu- ] [abs] [soc]. ricc is fa: sale || see rinat [abs]. rgan is fa irreg.: queen || see rx [MW. rhiein, OIr. rgain] [soc]. rgion i no: realm, reign, kingdom || see rx [OIr. rge] [soc]. rinat (BIV), ricc is fa: to sell [OIr. renaid; reicc, ricc]. ros on: free. rx rgos mg: a king [Gaul rix, pl. riges, OIr. r, gen. rg, W. rhi, IE *reg'- to rule] [soc]. ro augmentative pref.: very-, much- [e.g. canis beautiful > rocanis very beautiful]. ro perfective particle: when used with the present indicative and subjunctive, it denotes a finished action [e.g. urexti (he) made > ro urexti (he) has made]. With the subjunctive it has the force of a future perfect [e.g. ro addnter that shall have been given]. rodarcon i no: sight, vision || see dercat [OIr. rodarc] [abs] [bod]. rodm is fa: giving, donation || see rodt [abs]. rodt (AII) / rodt (AI), rodm is fa: to give [MW. roth-id, W. rhoddi, compare Lat. prdo]. ros is fa: rose [OIr. rs, W. rhosyn] [plt]. rot is fa: wheel [OIr. roth, W. rhod, B. rod] [hte]. roudos on: red [W. rhudd, OIr. ruad, IE *reudh- red, rust]. rucci is fa: shame [Ir. rucce] [mss].

rn is fa: enigma, secret [OIr. rn, W. rhin] [abs]. rusc is fa: bark [Oir. rsc, W. rhisg] [plt].

S
sagiet (BII), sagitis s fi / sagiti is fa: to seek [OIr. saigid]. sagietios on: (who is) sought || see sagiet. sagios on: who seeks, prone to [] [e.g. curmi beer > curmisagios drunkard] || see sagiet. sagiti is fa: a search || see sagiet [abs]. sagitis s fi: a search || see sagiet [abs]. sagon i no: mantle [Gaul.-Lat. sagum] [clt]. sa -is fa: barley [W. haidd <*sasii] [plt]. saituron i no: work, job [OIr. sathar] [abs]. salcos on: dirty [OIr. salach, W. halawg, halog, OB. haloc, Cor. halou]. salenos i mo: salt [OIr. salann, W. halen] [phy]. salenoviros i mo: salt dealer, salt maker || see salenos and viros [W. hal(a)enwr] [soc]. salix icos fc: willow [OIr. sail, gen. sailech, W. helyg (pl.), B. halek (pl.)] [plt]. samal adv.: likewise || [+ acc.] as, in likeness to || see samalis. samalis s fi: likeness, parity, simile [Ir. samhail, OW. amal, W. hafal, Lat. similis] [abs]. samonis ons fi irreg.: Autumn festival [Gaul. Samon- (Coligny Cal.), MIr. samuin, gen. samna] [sky]. samos on: calm, peaceful. samos i mo: summer [OIr. sam, samrad, W.Cor. haf, MB. haff, IE *sem-] [sky]. sanis i: different, special [OIr. sain, OW. han]. saton i no: seed [W. B. had] [plt]. svelidvos i mo: sun-god || see svelis and dvos [W. heuldduw] [rel]. svelidius divos acc. diun mu diph.: sunny day || solar day || see svelis and dius [W. heulddydd] [sky]. svelis s mi: the sun [W. haul, heul, Cor. heuul, B. heaul] [sky]. svelivind is fa: sunshine || see svelis and vindos [W. heulwen] [sky]. scton i no: shadow [OIr. scth, Cor. scod, W. ysgod, B. skeud] [phy]. scetlon i no: story, tale, tidings [OIr. scla, W. chewdl, Cor. whethl] [mss]. scetlosagios i mo: storyteller || see scetlon and sagios [soc]. sctos i mo: shield [OIr. scath, W. ysgwyd] [hte] [war]. scoct (AIII), scocitus ous mu: to dance [W. ysgogi, OIr. scuchim move, stir]. scoxt is fa: dance [W. ysgogi, OIr. scucht] [soc]. sediet (BII), sodion i no: to sit (down) [OIr. saidid; suide]. sedlos i mo: throne || see sediet [Gaul. sedlon (acc.), IE *sed- to sit] [hte] [soc]. sedocaros on: peace-loving, peaceful || see sedos and caros [W. heddgar]. sedocaroviros i mo: lover of peace || see sedocaros and viros [W. heddgarwr] [soc]. sedolissos i mo: magistrates court || see sedos and lissos [W. heddlys] [bld]. sedomros on: peaceable, peaceful || see sedos and mros [W. heddfawr]. sedos i mo: peace, tranquility, calmness || see sdon [W. sedd] [abs] [mss]. sedovassos i mo: police officer, policeman || see sedos and vassos [W. heddwas] [soc].

sedoviros i mo: civilian || see sedos and viros [W. heddwr] [soc]. segos i mo: strength [MIr. seg] [abs]. seiamos on: longest; irreg. superlative of sros. seis ios: longer; irreg. comparative of sros. sen is fa: elderwoman; priestess || see senos [rel] [soc]. sentr tros mr: grandfather || see senos and tr [MIr. senathair] [fam]. senisteros i mo: ancestor, forefather, elder || see senos [OIr. sinser] [rel] [soc]. senobrogi s ni: land of ones infancy || see senos and brogi [W. henfro] [bld]. senodonios i mo: old man, old person || see senos and donios [W. henddyn] [soc]. senoiextis s fi: ancient or traditional tongue || see senos and iextis [W. heniaith] [mss]. senoletanos i mo: plantain, waybread || see senos and letanos [W. henllydan] [plt]. senomapos i mo: bachelor || see senos and mapos [W. henfab] [soc]. senos on: old [OIr. sen, W. hen, IE *sen-]. senotreb is fa: winter dwelling located in the valley to which the family and its stock returned after transhumance during the summer months in the mountain || permanent residence, old or ancestral home || old town || see senos and treb [W. hendref] [bld]. sentic is fa: wife, she-companion [OIr. stig] [soc]. sentis s mi: valuable object; jewel, treasure [OIr. st, pl. suti] [abs]. sentus ous mu: path, road [W. hynt, OIr. st] [phy]. sepim is fa: a saying || see sepit and septor [OIr. sechem] [mss]. sept (AII), sepim is fa: to say [OIr. sech-, MW. heb-u; co-sc, IE *ko(m)-skwo-]. septor (DAII), sepim is fa: to follow [OIr. saidid; suide]. sepon i no: saying, expression || see sepit [mss]. sepu prep.: [+ acc.] past, beyond [OIr. sech, W. heb without, IE *sekwd]. sernat (BIV), sreteion i no: to spread [OIr. sreth]. sernis s mi: order, alignment || see sernat [abs]. sess is fa: chair [Gaul. sessa, IE *sed-t] [hte]. setus u: long [OIr. sith; OW. hit, B. hed length]. sextacons contos mt: seventy || see sextan [num]. sextadecan indecl.: seventeen || see sextan and decan [num]. sextametos on: seventh || see sextan [num]. sextan indecl.: seven [OIr. secht n-, W. saith] [num]. s [acc. sian, gen. eis, dat. e, abl.-inst. ei; pl. ses/eis]: she (3rd p. pl. f.). sdodubnon i no: deep peace || see sdon and dubnos [abs] [war]. sdon i no: a state of peace, no war || see sedos [OIr. sd] [abs] [war]. ses / eis [acc. eis, gen. einon, dat. eibo, abl.-inst. eibi; sing. s]: they (3rd p. pl. f.). sin indecl. demonstrative: emphatically used with reflexive pref. sue for 1st and 2nd p. pronouns [e.g. m suesin I myself, tei suesin for yourself]. sn is fa: weather [OIr. sn, W. hin] [sky]. sindi adv.: today || see sios and dius [OIr. inniu, cf. Lat. hodie] [sky]. sindos sin: that (yonder) [OIr. sin, OW. hinn]. sinnoxti adv.: tonight || see sios and nox [OIr. innocht]. sios si sin: this, that; emphatic: m-sios me-here [OIr. messe]. sros on: long [OIr. sr, comparative sa; W.B.Cor. hir, compar. W. hwy]. ston i no: standing, staying || see sistt [abs]. sistt (AI), ston i no: to stand, to stay [IE *sta'- to stand]. sladet (BI), sladi is fa: to slay, to strike [OIr. slaidid, W. lladd; slaide].

sladi is fa: a strike || see sladet [OIr. slaide] [war]. slat is fa: rod, twig [MIr. slat, W. llath, yslath, B. laz] [hte]. sleg is fa: javelin [OIr. sleg] [hte] [war]. slougos i mo: troop, division [OIr. slag, W. llu, Cor. lu] [war]. smeru ous nu: marrow [OIr. smir, gen. smera; W. mer] [bod] [fod]. snm is fa: swimming || see snt [OIr. snm, W. nauff] [abs]. snt (AI), snm is fa: to swim. snton i no: thread [OIr. snthe, W. noden] [clt] [hte]. so(s) s so irreg.: that [OIr. se so, B. se]. sodeios on: that (anaphoric) [OIr. suide <*so-de-s(i)o]. sodion i no: a seat || see sediet [OIr. suide, W. seddu] [hte]. somos on: this very, the same [OIr. som]. sondos on: this [W. hwn, hon, hyn this]. sonnadsodion i no: Winters solstice || see sonnos and adsodion [Neol. < Lat. solstitium] [sky]. sonnocingos i mo: sun-course || see sonnos and cinget [sky]. sonnos i mo: the sun [sky]. sosio adv.: that (rel.) [<*so-siod]. soso(s) sos sosin: that (emphatic) [Gaul. sosin]. soug is fa: rope [Ir. suag, W. syg chain, Sp. soga] [hte]. sounit (AII), sounos i mo: to sleep. sounos i mo: sleep, dream || see sounit [OIr. san, W.B. hun] [mss]. sreteion i no: row, series || see sernat [OIr. sreth] [abs]. su pref.: a prefix denoting good quality [e.g. suviros a good man; metaphorically, a nonslave] [OIr. so-, su-, W. hy, B. he-]. su adv.: so, thus [MW. hu, IE *sud]. suadis i: pleasant [CC *sved- sweet, Lat. suavis]. suantet (BI), suanton i no: to wish, to desire || see mendet and veletor [W. chwant, B. choant, OIr. sant]. suanton i no: desire, wish || see suantet [W. chwant, Cor. whans, OIr. sant] [mss]. subut is fa: well-being || a common form of salutation || see su and but [abs]. sucaros on: affable, genteel, polite || see su and caros. succos i mo: snout [W. swch, OIr. socc, Cor. soch, B. soch, souch] [ani]. sucospis i: obedient, docile || see su and cospon [OIr. sochoisc]. sucospon i no: correction, rightness || see su and cospon [abs]. sucellos on: kind [Gaul. Sucellos, OIr. sochell]. sudi is fa: grime, soot [OIr. suidi, W. huddugl, B. huzel] [phy]. sue reflexive pref.: own [e.g. suegnatos eio his own son, sues she herself] [Gaul. sue-]. sueborgt (AII), sueborgtus ous mu: to lie (down) [Neol.,W. bwrw]. sueborgtus ous mu: lying (down) || see sueborgt [abs]. sueinos on: theirs (f.). sueionos on: theirs (m.). sueios on: his, hers (possessive). suescons contos mt: sixty || see suex [num]. suesonos on: yours (pl.). suex indecl.: six [OIr. s, W. chwech] [num].

suexdecan indecl.: sixteen || see suex and decan [num]. suexetos on: sixth || see suex [W. chweched, IE *sweks six] [num]. sus [acc. suos, gen. sueson, dat. sum, abl.-inst. sume; sing. t]: you (2nd p. pl.). suir ioros fr: sister [OIr. sur, W. chwaer, IE*suesr] [fam]. sulabartor (AI), sulabartus ous mu: to bless || see labartor [rel]. sulabari is fa / sulabarion -i no: blessing || see labari / labarion [mss] [rel]. sunartis i: powerful || see su and nerton. sunerton i no: force, strength || see su and nerton [abs]. surtis i: lucky || see su and rton [Gaul-Lat. svratvs]. surton i mo: luck || see su and rton [abs]. sris s mi: cheese [Lit. sris, cf. Celtic river n. Sra sour] [fod]. susn is fa: good weather || see su and sn [OIr. sonend] [sky]. suviros i mo: nobleman || free man, member of the free class [OIr. soer] [soc].

T
talam monos mn: earth [OIr. talam] [abs] [phy]. talus ous mu: forehead [OIr. taul,W. B. tal] [bod]. tamt (AI), tamman tamms nn: to bite. tamtos i mo: tongue [W. tafawd, B. teod] [bod]. tamesios i mo: powder [phy] || sieve [hte]. tamman tamms nn: a bite [W. B. tam(m)] [abs]. tan suff.: her; direct object indicator after a verb ending in vowel or r. tan is fa: time, a given moment [OIr. tn] [sky]. tan suff.: them(neut.); direct object indicator after a verb ending in vowel or r. tanaros i mo: drum [Neol. cf. pers. name Tanaro, cf. river Tanarus, IE*taran] [hte]. tancos i mo: peace, armistice [W. tanc] [abs] [soc] [war]. tannos i mo: tree [B. tann, Cor. glas-tannen oak; OIr. caerthann rowan] [plt]. Taranus ous mu: Gaulish god of thunder || see taranus [Gaul. Taranvs] [rel]. taranus ous mu: thunder [W. taran, OIr. toirenn] [sky]. taring is fa: nail [OIr. tairnge] [hte]. tartos on: dry [OIr. tart]. taruos i mo: a bull [Gaul. tarvos, W. tarw, OIr. tarb, IE *tauro-] [ani]. ts suff.: them(f.); direct object indic. after a verb ending in vowel or r. tecct (AII), tecctus ous mu: to flee [OIr. techid, teched, W. techaf]. tecctus ous mu: escape, flight || see tecct [OIr. teched] [abs]. tegos tegios ns: a house || see tigers [OIr. tech, W. ty] [bld]. tegus ous mu: grease [bod] [fod]. tegus u: fat, thick || see tegus [OIr. tiug, W. tew]. teios on: grammatical mark of the gerundive of a verb: for to [verb]. telin is fa: lyre, harp [W. telyn, B. telenn] [hte]. tmmos on: warm, hot [W. twym]. tenes netos mt: fire [OIr. tene, gen. tenti, W. tn, B. tan, tanet] [phy]. tens tenti: warm, hot [OIr. t]. tigernos i mo: lord, master [OIr. tigerne, W. teyrn] [soc].

tros trios ns: land [OIr. tr, W.Cor.B. tir] [phy]. tlint (BIV), tlaion i no / tlinamon is fa: to steal [Ir. tlenaim]. toberet (BI), tobertis s fi: to give || see beret. tobertis s fi: delivery, handover || see toberet [abs]. togidubnos on: very pleasant || see togis and dubnos [Gaul. Togidubnos]. togis i: pleasant, nice [OIr. toig]. toleiet (BII), toletus ous mu: to sleep [OIr. tuil-, co-tlud]. toletus ous mu: dream || see toleiet [mss]. ton suff.: him; direct object indicator after a verb ending in vowel or r. tonceton i no: fate, luck [W. tynged, OIr. tocad] [abs] [rel]. tonget (BIII), lugion i no: to swear [OIr. tongid, luige, W. tyngu, llw, B. le]. toni adv.: also. tonin/tonid suff.: it; direct object indic. after a verb ending in vowel or r. tonos on: adjetival suff. great- || see onos [e.g. rgan queen > rganton great queen]. toraticos on: fruitful, fertile || see toraton and cos [OIr. thoirthech]. toraton i no: fruit [OIr. torad] [plt]. torr is fa: belly [W. tor] [bod]. torrc is fa: pregnant || see torr and cos [OIr. torrach]. tos t ton pass. part. suff.: -ed, the object of the action. tout is fa: nation, folk, people, tribe, citizenry, country [Gaul. Tovt-, Tevto-, OIr. tath, W.B. tud] [soc]. Touttis s mi: Gaulish god; equated to the god Mars by Caesar || see tout and tis [Gaul. Tovtatis] [rel]. toutios i mo: native, citizen || see tout [soc]. tovisscos i mo: captain || chief, prince [W. tywysog, OIr. tisech] [war]. tovos on: thine, yours (sing.). toxuinnt (AI), toxuinnatus ous mu: to show || see vinnt [OIr. doaisbena]. toxuinnatus ous mu: show, sign, indication || see toxuinnt [abs]. trages etos ft: a foot [OIr. traig, gen. traiged, W. traed, OCor. truit] [bod]. trs prep.: [+ acc.] accross, beyond [W. tros, OIr. tar, IE *trns]. traxt is fa: sand [phy]. treb is fa: town, village, settlement, home, homestead || see trebt [OIr. treb, OW.OB. treb] [bld]. trebt (AI), trebon i no: to dwell, to inhabit [OIr. trebaim]. trei prep.: [+ acc.] through [OIr. tre, tri, W. trwy, IE *t3ri > *trei]. tresnos on: powerful. trexamos on: most powerful; irreg. superlative of tresnos. trexetos on: as powerful; irreg. equative of tresnos. trexis ios: more powerful; irreg. comparative of tresnos. Triat Triatonos mn: the Ocean [OIr. Tretha, cf. Greek Tritn] [phy] [rel]. trcons contos mt: thirty || see tres [num]. trdecan indecl.: thirteen || see tres [num]. tres tedres tr: three [W.B. tri, OIr. tre, IE *treyes, *tri three] [num]. trgaranos on: with three cranes || see tres and garanos [Gaul. Taruos Trigaranos] [rel]. trlatius u: threefold || see tres and laiet.

trmarcisi is fa: unit of three riders || see tres and marcisi [war]. trnantus ous mu: three valleys || see tres and nantus [phy]. trtos on: third; see tres [num]. troget (BI), trog is fa: to go back, to return. trog is fa: a return || see troget [abs]. trougos on: poor [Fr. truand, Ir. truag wretch, W. tru unfortunate]. trugn is fa: a nose [W. trwyn] [bod]. trx [gen. cos] trx: doomed [OIr. tr]. tser is fa, col. pl.: the stars || see tserin [sky]. tserc is fa: love || see carat [W. serch, OIr. serc] [mss]. tsern is fa, col. pl. tser: star [W. seren, sr, B. steredenn] [sky]. t [acc. te, gen. tou, dat. tei/t, abl.-inst. te; pl. sus]: thou, you (2nd p. sing.). tunn is fa: wave [W.Cor. ton, B. tonn, OIr. tond] [phy]. turcos i mo: a boar [W. twrch, OIr. torc] [ani]. ts suff.: them(m.); direct object indicator after a verb ending in vowel or r. tts tos ft: abstract suff.: -ness.

U
ue disjuntive suff.: or [Gaul. -ve, IE*-ue]. ulan is fa: woollen fabric, flannel [W. gwlan, Ir. olann] [clt]. ulannos on: reddish. ulatidonios i mo: countryman, bumpkin, lout || see ulatis and donios [W. gwladdyn] [soc]. ulatextis s fi: native tongue, mother tongue || see ulatis and iextis [W. gwladiaith] [mss]. ulatis s fi: lordship, rule, territory || sovereignity || see valanator [W. gwlad, OIr. flaith] [abs] [phy]. ulativiros i mo: countryman, peasant, a rustic || see ulatis and viros [W. gwladwr] [soc]. ulatos i mo: lord, master || see ulatis [Gaul. vlatos, OIr. flaith] [soc]. ulipus u: wet [OW. gulip, OIr. fliuch]. uradion i no: root [W. gwraidd, OIr. frm] [plt]. ureget (BI), urextus ous mu: to do, to make [MW. gwreith]. uregis s fi: wall [OIr. fraig] [bld]. urextus ous mu: an action || see ureget [abs]. uritt(i) prep.: [+ acc.] against, opposite [W. wrth, OIr. frith, B. ouzh, IE *urt-tos turned]. usgabagl is fa: raising || see usgabiet [abs]. usgabiet (BII), usgabagl is fa: to raise || see x and gabiet [OIr. com-od-gab-]. x prep.: [+ acc.] above, over [Gaul. vx-, W. uwch, OIr. s, as, IE *ouks]. xamos on: highest; irreg. superlative of xelos. xelos on: high || noble, proud [Gaul. vxello-, W. uchel, OIr. uasal, IE *upo-sabove]. xetos on: see xisetos. xisamos on: see xamos. xisetos on: as high; irreg. equative of xelos.

xis ios: higher; irreg. comparative of xelos. xodios on: superior || see x and odios. uxt unos fn: breast [OIr. ucht, IE *puptu-] [bod]. ux uxonos mn: an ox [W. ych, uch, pl. uchen, OIr. oss] [ani].

V
vagnos i mo: plain [W. gwaen, Ir. fn] [phy]. vailos i mo: a wolf [W. gwael vile, OIr. fael] [ani]. valantor (AI), valanatus ous mu / ulatis s fi: to rule [OIr. follnaithir]. valanatus ous mu: lordship, rule, territory || sovereignity || see valanator [abs] [soc]. valix icos mc:: ring [OIr. foil, gen. falach, B. gwal(enn)] [hte]. valos i mo: ruler, prince || see valantor [Gaul. -valos] [soc]. vannos on: faint, weak [W.B. gwan, OIr. fann]. varn is fa: group [W. gwerin, OIr. foirenn] [soc]. varnocaros on: loving the ordinary folk || see varn and caros [W. gweringar]. varnodonios i mo: peasant, common man || see varn and donios [W. gwerinddyn] [soc]. varnoiextis s fi: vernacular tongue, dialect || see varnos and iextis [W. gweriniaith] [mss]. varnopennos i mo: ruler or protector of the people, demarch || see varn and pennon [W. gwerinben] [soc]. varnoviros i mo: peasant, common man || see varn and viros [W. gwerinwr] [soc]. vassos i mo: slave || servant [W. gwas, OIr. foss] [soc]. vtis s m-fi: prophet, seer [Gaul.-Lat. vates, OIr. fith] [rel] [soc]. vtus ous mu: poetry [W. gwawd] [mss] [soc]. ve disjuntive suff.: see ue. vebrus ous mu: amber [W. gwefr] [phy]. vedm is fa: prayer || see vedt [rel]. vedt (AII), vedm is fa: to pray || see guediet. vdo prep.: [+ abl.] in presence of [OIr. fad, W. erwyd, IE *veidos]. vedons ontos mt: master [OIr. fado] [soc]. veget (BI), vegon i mo: to sew [W. gweu, OIr. figim]. vegon i mo: sewing, needlework || see veget [clt]. veletor (DBI), suanton i mo: to want, to wish || see mendet and suantet [Gaul.-Lat. velor]. velt (AII), veltus ous mu: to see [W.B. gweled]. velt is fa: prophetess || see velts [Lat. veleda, Germanized form] [rel]. velts veltos mt: mystical poet || seer || see velt [OIr. fili, gen. filed] [rel]. veltus ous mu: sight, vision || see velt [bod] [rel]. vellaunos i mo: general, warlord [war]. vellos on: better; irreg. comparative of dagos [W. gwell, OIr. ferr, IE *uerlo-]. venellos i mo: a swallow [W. gwennol, Cor. guennol, B. gwenneli, OIr. fannall] [ani]. veni is fa: clan, kinship, extended family [OIr. fine] [fam]. vencos on: family member || see veni and cos [fam].

ver prep.: [+ acc.] up, upwards || [+ abl.] on, upon [Celtib. uer-, OW.OB. guor, guar, OIr. for, IE *upr(i)]. verbet (BII), verbut is fa: to happen || see ver and essi [B. choarvoud]. vercanet (BI), vercantlon i no: to teach || see canet [OIr. forchan, forcital]. vercantlon i no: teaching, education || see vercanet [abs] [soc]. vergi is fa: wrath, anger [OIr. ferg] [mss]. Vergivios i mo: the Atlantic Ocean (Ptolemy) [OIr. fairgge] [phy]. vernos i mo: alder [Gaul. verno-, W. gwern, Cor. gwernen, OIr. fern, Fr. verne] [plt]. verovos on: best; irreg. superlative of dagos. verpennt (AI), verpennon i no: to finish [W. gorffyn, OIr. forcenna]. verpennon i no: an end || see verpennt || see ver and pennon [abs]. verus u: long. vertatis s mi: a spindle [W. gwerthyd, Cor. gurthit, MIr. fersaid, OB. guirtilon] [hte]. vertragos i mo: greyhound || see ver and trages [Gaul. vertragos] [ani]. vext is fa: time [W. gwaith, B. gwezh] [sky]. vextamos on: worst; irreg. superlative of drucos. vextos on: worse; irreg. comparative of drucos. vcant [acc.-voc. vcant, gen. vcant, dat, vcantobon, abl.-inst.-loc. vcantobin] mt: twenty (N.B.: must be declined in dual number and must be followed by a pl. genitive, as in vcant viron vcant-c mnnon twenty men and twenty women) [num]. vicet (BI), vixt is fa: to fight [OIr. fichid, fecht, W. gwith, MW. gweith]. vicetios on: (who is) fought || see vicet. vicios on: who fights || see vicet. vidre (BII preterite-present paradigm), vissus ous mu: to know (in a passive way) || see gnet and vinetor. vidus ous mu: wood || timber [OIr. fid, W. gwydd, Cor. guiden, B. gwezenn] [phy] [plt]. vimpis i: fine, beautiful [W. gwimp]. vindobton i no: whitemeat, milkmeat || milk-food, whitepot || see vindos and bton [W. gwynfwyd, gw(y)nnod] [fod]. vindobitulnos on: beatific, blessed || see vindobitus and lnos [W. gwynfydlon]. vindobitus ous mu: happiness, delight, joy, felicity, bliss, blessedness, pleasure || prosperity || desire, zeal, indignation, jealousy, emulation || see vindos and bitus [W. gwynfyd] [abs]. vindodantis i: white-toothed || see vindos and dant [W. gwynddaint]. vindodius divos acc. diun mu diph.: daylight || holy day || see vindos and dius [W. gwynddydd] [rel] [sky]. vindodonios i mo: blessed one || fair or comely person || dearly beloved one || see vindos and donios [W. gwynddyn] [soc]. vindodubus u: swarthy, dun, dark, brown || see vindos and dubus [W. gwynddu]. vindomapos i mo: dearly beloved son || see vindos and mapos [W. gwynfab] [fam]. vindomros on: greatly beloved, blessed, blissful || see vindos and mros [W. gwynfawr]. vindos on: white [Gaul. vindo-, W. gwyn, Cor. guyn, B. gwenn, OIr. find]. vindotigernos i mo: fair, fortunate or prosperous lord || see vindos and tigernos [W. gwyndeyrn] [soc]. vindotout is fa: holy, blessed or happy people || see vindos and tout [W. gwyndud] [soc].

vindovassos i mo: holy or blessed youth || youth of fair complexion || see vindos and vassos [W. gwynwas] [soc]. vinetor (DBV present paradigm), vissus ous mu: to get to know || see gnet and vidre [OIr. finnadar]. viri is fa: torque, bracelet [hte]. vri is fa: truth || see vros [abs]. virios on: manly, virile || see viros. vrioviros i mo: verifier, voucher, attester || see vros and viros [W. gwiriwr] [soc]. virobalcos on: fine, excellent, splendid || valiant hero || see viros and balcos [W. gwrfalch]. vrocaros on: truth-loving, truthful, veracious || see vros and caros [W. gwirgar]. vrodagos i mo: legal personal property || see vros and dagos [W. gwirdda] [soc]. viroiovincos i mo: young man || page, armour bearer, esquire || freeman, yeoman || see viros and iovincos [W. gwreang, gwreanc, gwranc, gwryanc, gwryang] [soc]. vronatr is fa: dragon || see vros and natr [W. gwrneidr] [ani]. vronerton i no: speedwell, fluellin, carpenters herb [W. gwrnerth] [plt]. vros on: true [W. gwir, OIr. fr]. viros i mo: man [W. gwr, B. gour, OIr. fer, IE *wiro-] [soc]. virovassos i mo: farm labourer performing the duties of a chief servant || farm servant who has married a farmer's daughter (lit. husband servant) || see viros and vassos [W. gwrwas] [soc]. virovolcos i mo: hero, brave man || see viros and volcos [W. gwrwalch] [soc]. vissus ous mu: knowledge || see gnet, vidre and vinetor [MW. gwys, OIr. fiuss] [mss]. vissusagios i mo: thinker, philosopher || see vissus and sagios [soc]. vissuviros i mo: summoner || appritor || beadle || bailiff || one who orders or requests something || see viros and volcos [W. gwysiwr] [soc]. vsus u: worthy, adequate [Gaul. vesu-, W. gwiw, OIr. fu]. vix vicos mc: fighter || see vicet [war]. vxeros i mo: afternoon [W. ucher, OIr. fescor] [sky]. vixt is fa: a fight || see vicet [war]. vo prep.: [+ acc.] downwards || [+ abl.] under [OW. guo, OIr. fo, IE *upo]. vogaron i mo: sound, tone [OIr. fogur] [phy]. voglenn is fa: student (female) [soc]. voglennos i mo: student (male) [soc]. volcos i mo: a hawk, a falcon [W. gwalch] [ani]. volcoviros i mo: falconer || see volcos and viros [W. gwalchwr] [soc]. volegion i no: a bed [W. gwely, B. gwele] [hte]. voltos i mo: hair [OIr. folt, W. gwallt] [bod]. voltoviros i mo: barber, hairdresser, dealer in hair || see voltos and viros [W. gwalltwr] [soc]. volugon i no: support, sustainment || see volunget [abs]. volunget (BIII), volugon i no: to support, to sustain [OIr. fulaing, folog]. vomediet (BII), vomedl is fa: to reject, to discard [W. gomed, Ir. for-(r-e)mdim]. vomend is fa: hope || see vomendet [mss]. vomendet (BI), vomend is fa: to hope || see mendet. vomman vomms nn: sound [OIr. fuaim] [phy]. voretet (BI), voreton i no: to help || see vo and retet [Ir. fir, W. gwared release].

voretios on: who is helped || see voretet. voreton i no: help || see voretet [abs]. voretos on: who helps || see voretet. vovedios on: who is sent || see vovedt. vovedos on: sender || see vovedt. vovedt (AII), voveditus ous mu: to send [OIr. fidid]. voveditus ous mu: sending, delivery || see vovedt [abs]. voxtlon i no: word [Ir. focal, W. gwaethl] [mss].

Lexicographical Appendix
Case Nuances with Prepositions a) b) c) d) accusative (bears the concept of MOTION TOWARDS) ablative (concept of MOTION FROM) instrumental (concept of TO BE WITH or BY MEANS OF) locative (concept of PHYSICAL LOCATION)

Verb-Based Nominal Formations a) the os on derivative has an active meaning: orget kills > orgetos who kills. b) the ios i ion derivative has a passive meaning: orgetios who is killed. c) the passive participle in tos t ton is directly attached to the root in strong verbs. But is used only in rare occasions; the ios i ion formations or a periphrastic (participle)+to be are usually preferred: orxtos on: a killed (man, woman, etc) [<*orgto , OIr. ort]. d) the present participle in aunos aun aunon is the regular equivalent to the Latin active participle (valens, loquens, etc.): barnt judges > barnaunos who judges; judge. Besides these three regular derivatives, there are traces of older derivatives in some Labarish words: e) the ancient participle ontios onti ontion is no longer alive in classical Celtic. It remains fossilised in personal names like Segontios, and in a few words like caran(t)s.

Adjective-Based Adverbs Any adjective may be used adverbially only by putting it in Instrumental case, either in accusative after the preposition inti: novi newly inti novion newly, anew, in a new way [cf. Welsh yn newydd] Think that the augmentative pref. ro- can be used normally: mr greatly, romr very-greatly. Use of ro in Verbal Forms Generally speaking, when used with the present indicative and subjunctive, ro denotes a finished action: urexti (he) made, ro- urexti (he) has made With the subjuctive it has the force of a future perfect: ro addnter that shall have been given.