Visiting Geyserland
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Yellowstone Treasures: The Traveler's Companion to the National Park Rating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5Yellowstone Treasures: The Traveler's Companion to the National Park Rating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5
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Visiting Geyserland - Janet Chapple
www.yellowstonetreasures.com
INTRODUCTION
Yellowstone Park has some 10,000 hydrothermal features or hot water phenomena, more than any other place in the world. A frequent nickname for Yellowstone in its early years was Geyserland.
Visiting Geyserland will help you find and appreciate the geysers and hot springs that are convenient to the roads.
Here you’ll find excerpts from the Yellowstone Treasures guidebook’s descriptions of the park’s ten hydrothermal areas that are easy to visit, listed alphabetically. Three areas divide neatly in half so you can shorten the walks: Upper Geyser Basin, Norris Geyser Basin, and Mammoth Hot Springs. Two areas, Firehole Lake Drive on the road from Old Faithful Village to Madison Junction and Upper Terrace Drive at Mammoth, are accessible to cars, allowing you to enjoy their most outstanding features without much walking. Always check at visitor centers for recent geyser activity.
Icons in the text and on the maps indicate bicycling trails, parking, restrooms, wheelchair access, and the following:
Recommended short walk or part of walk
Recommended short walk with pamphlet available
Self-guiding trail with Yellowstone Association pamphlet available
Trailhead
Worth making time for
Don’t miss!
For four idyllic summers of her childhood, author Janet Chapple lived near Old Faithful Inn, where her father was transportation agent. Janet’s Visiting Geyserland, based on her many years of thorough research for the guidebook, is intended to be a totally portable guide to the geyser basins during your visit.
Of the many people who have contributed in some way to her guidebook, the author would especially like to thank the following for making Visiting Geyserland possible: T. Scott Bryan and the Geyser Observation and Study Association, especially Tara Cross, for the majority of the geyser information; Beth Chapple, editor; Marie Weiler, typesetter; and Linton A. Brown, mapmaker.
Precautions for Your Geyser Walks
Bring drinking water, sunscreen, and a hat for protection from the extra UV radiation at the park’s high altitudes.
The only restroom in Upper Geyser Basin is a chemical toilet near Morning Glory Pool. No restrooms at Biscuit Basin or Firehole Lake Drive; at Mammoth Upper Terrace Drive, the restroom is at the outer parking area.
Stay on the walkways and watch children vigilantly; the water is hot and the crust near the hot springs and geysers is thin and brittle.
Do not touch the water. You can be scalded at 120°F (49°C); the pools and geysers range in temperature from 142° to 205°F (61–96°C).
Always wipe off geyser spray from eyeglasses and camera lenses, since the silicon dioxide can leave permanent spots.
Biscuit Basin Loop Walk
This hot spring area is accessible to wheelchairs, but has no curb cut. See the map on page 28.
The first area after the footbridge has been surprisingly active since 2006. Black Opal Pool erupted explosively in May 2009, causing geologists who happened to be present to debate whether it had an especially forceful eruption or a hydrothermal explosion. Late in the 2012 season Black Opal and the next two pools, Black Diamond and Wall, had merged into one large pool, at least temporarily.
In the distance near the river is a relatively new perpetual spouter informally called Salt and Pepper for its early tendency to throw out dark rocks in addition to water.
The once crystal-clear Sapphire Pool was delightful to watch. Visitors stood transfixed, watching a string of bubbles from far below, followed by an overall sizzling, and then a surging boil that engulfed the whole spring. Then, due to the 1959 Hebgen Lake earthquake, Sapphire began erupting 125 feet (38 m). These violent eruptions increased the size of Sapphire’s crater, destroyed its unique biscuits,
and changed its shape from circular to oval. By 1964, the eruptions were much smaller, and a few years later it ceased any significant activity.
Take the boardwalk loop to the right beyond Sapphire to see several other features, including the deep cavernous vent of Black Pearl Geyser. Black Pearl was thickly studded with quarter-inch black knobs when it was named in the first part of the twentieth century. At the boardwalk curve is Mustard Spring, really two small geysers connected underground.
Avoca Spring is the grotto-like cone located near Mystic Falls Trailhead. Avoca was a boiling spring until 1959, when it developed into an erratic geyser.
Silver Globe Geyser, next to Avoca and connected to it, can mesmerize you when it has silvery white bubbles rising from deep within its clear pool. Here’s proof of the erudition of early Yellowstone namers, especially of tour guide George Henderson: he called the geyserite arch in and over Silver Globe Geyser the Zygomatic Arch, because it reminded him of a human cheekbone.
A number of very hot features (including Avoca Spring and others to its south) are grouped into the Silver Globe Complex. Geyser expert T. Scott Bryan has suggested that a marked increase in activity here beginning in 1983 was linked to an Idaho earthquake of that year centered 150 miles (240 km) away at Borah Peak (Idaho’s highest point).
Continuing around the boardwalk, you find Shell Spring (actually a small geyser). It has an irregular crater that may remind you of a clamshell. The crater has a mustard-colored lining from sulfurous deposits splashed on during its very frequent small eruptions.
Chances are good that Jewel Geyser (at the boardwalk junction) will erupt for you. Jewel generally erupts every seven to nine minutes, sometimes to 20 feet (6 m) high. In the 1930s, rangers found that Jewel would draw down a handkerchief placed in one vent and expel it from another during an eruption, but this practice was stopped when injuries occurred. (See Black Sand Basin Walk
for the original Handkerchief Pool.)
Two more very active geysers are located near the Biscuit Basin parking area. Out on an island in the Firehole River to the south is Island Geyser, which erupts most of the time. Near the road is Rusty Geyser, with an iron-oxide-stained crater.
Black Sand Basin Walk
This hot spring area is accessible to wheelchairs, but has no curb cut. You can see all its features by walking less than a mile (1.6 km). See the map on page 28.
If you take the sidewalk