That Figures!: A Crash Course in Math
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About this ebook
Danielle S. Hammelef
Danielle Hammelef is the author of more than 12 books for children. She has also written award-winning children’s magazine stories, nonfiction articles, poetry, and puzzles. Before becoming a freelance writer, Danielle earned a degree in Environmental Engineering from Michigan Technological University. Danielle lives in Novi, Michigan, with her family.
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That Figures! - Danielle S. Hammelef
skills.
CHAPTER 1
WHY FRACTIONS ARE A PIECE OF CAKE
Once you get the hang of them, fractions really are a piece of cake. OK, so that’s not their technical definition—you can’t exactly eat fractions. But when you eat a piece of cake, it’s like you’re eating a fraction because you’re eating a part of a whole cake.
Go Figure!
Let’s look at a tasty example. To celebrate your softball team’s win in a tournament, you baked 24 yummy cupcakes.
But on the morning of the victory party, you discover that your brother and his friends ate 8 of your cupcakes! There’s no time to bake more, but luckily you’ll still have enough for everyone on the team.
Even so, you want to know what fraction of your original number of cupcakes you still have left. To get started, write the number of cupcakes you have left as the numerator. The number of cupcakes you started with is the denominator.
We can reduce this fraction by using our factoring skills. First find the greatest common factor (GCF) in its simplest form.
Using your factoring know-how, you figure out that 8 goes into 16 and 24 equally without leaving any left over or remainder. In other words, the GCF for 16 and 24 is 8. So if we divide both the numerator and the denominator by 8, we get:
(16÷8)/(24÷8) = ⅔
So you now have two-thirds the number of cupcakes that you originally had—thanks to your annoying brother and his friends.
MULTIPLYING FRACTIONS
You’re probably wondering, When will I ever need to multiply fractions?
Well, recipes often come with ingredients listed in fractions— ½ cup, ¼ teaspoon, ¾ tablespoon, and so on. And sometimes you need to double or triple the recipe to make enough food. Multiplying fractions helps you get this information in a snap.
Go Figure!
Let’s say you’re making a marinade for a chicken dinner. Your recipe is for 4 servings, but tonight your family of 4 is hosting your cousin’s family of 8. If the recipe calls for ½ cup of lime juice, ¼ teaspoon of red pepper, and 2½cups of teriyaki sauce, how much of each ingredient do you need for your feast?
You’d better set a big table—you have 12 people coming to dinner, or 3 times as many as the recipe’s serving size. This means that you’ll need to multiply each ingredient by 3 to figure out how much you’ll need for 12 people.
Let’s start with the ½ cup of lime juice. To multiply fractions, you multiply the numerators together to get a new numerator, then you multiply the denominators together to get a new denominator. So your lime juice calculation looks like this:
½ × 3 = ?
Wait a minute! This problem doesn’t have two denominators. Now what?
. So here’s how your calculation looks as an improper fraction:
cups of lime juice
To make measuring easier, let’s change this into a mixed number:
cups = 1½ cups
Now do the same for the other ingredients:
= (1 x 3)/(4 x 1) = ¾ teaspoon red pepper
2½ cups of teriyaki sauce: (first change into an improper fraction):
= 7½ cups of teriyaki sauce.
Now you’re ready to mix up those ingredients and start cooking!