An Article about How to Grow Grapes in Minnesota
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An Article about How to Grow Grapes in Minnesota - Samuel B. Green
THE GRAPE.
THERE is probably no large section of Minnesota, or other regions east and west on the same latitude, where some of the hardiest kinds of grapes cannot be grown and ripened, while on the latitude of the southern half of the state, and on the highlands near rivers and lakes many of the best varieties are easily grown in large quantities. Our popular cultivated grapes are almost without exception the result of the selection and hybridization of native species. In a few varieties we find a little of the European wine grape, but they are not generally as vigorous and free from diseases as the former. There are many native species in the United States, but those which enter largely into the parentage of the kinds most valuable at the north are:—
(1) Northern Fox Grape (Vitis labrusca), the species from which almost all of our popular varieties have sprung. Examples of these are Concord, Worden, Moore’s Early and Lady. As usually found it has a large purple fruit, thick skin, and very pulpy meat surrounding the large seeds. The leaves are large, with whitish down on the underside. Found occasionally in the eastern part of Minnesota, and very abundantly in states farther east. The Concord grape resulted from the selection of seed from a wild vine which had been cultivated for two generations. Seedling labrusca are frequently white in color. The cultivated grapes of this class have perfect flowers with well developed stamens.
(2) Winter, or Frost Grape (Vitis riparia), the common wild grape found throughout Minnesota, except north of Lake Superior; as yet not much cultivated, but it is probable that some of its hybrids will prove valuable for severe locations in the Northwest.
(3) European Wine Grape (Vitis vinifera). In its pure state this has never been a success in open air culture in the Northern States, but the fine quality of its fruit has greatly improved the hybrids into which it has entered. The so-called Roger’s hybrids, the Brighton, Delaware and others are the product of the union of V. vinifera with V. labrusca, and as a result we have among them varieties of the finest quality, though almost without exception they exhibit some weakness in foliage or root, and a predisposition to disease not found in those of pure labrusca origin.
These species of the grape readily hybridize together. The blossoms of the cultivated kinds of grapes are generally perfect, as shown in Fig. 26. This is especially true of varieties of pure fox-grape (V. labrusca) origin; while hybrids having some of the European wine grape (V. vinifera) in their