The Federal Style in American Antique Furniture - A Pictorial Guide to the Federal Style of Hepplewhite, Shearer and the Early Work of Sheraton
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The Federal Style in American Antique Furniture - A Pictorial Guide to the Federal Style of Hepplewhite, Shearer and the Early Work of Sheraton - Edward Stratton Holloway
Bedsteads
HEPPLEWHITE, SHEARER, AND EARLY SHERATON
THE NEW NATION
IN SEPTEMBER 1782 the preliminaries of peace between Great Britain and America were concluded at Paris and the treaty was signed the following year—when the Revolution is commonly regarded as ending.
The Colonies had become a Federation of States—a nation: and its furniture was no longer Colonial, but Federal. Chippendale was the las Colonial syle.
But—London sill remained the seat of fashion for America; the new syles were quite as British as the old! For eight long years we had sruggled, and the end was not yet. After the separation many quesions naturally arose for settlement—particularly those regarding trade relations and, later, the impressment of American seamen—and these led to irritation and bitterness enduring for another thirty years. As usual, pride, prejudice, and mere policy—three enemies of peace—did their work. Vision was lacking on both sides: no broad outlook for the future or spirit of kindly accommodation exised, every temporary advantage was seized; and so again, in 1812, came war. Two days before its declaration the principal pretext had been removed and had the elecric telegraph exised there would have been no war.
Notwithsanding these events and the development here of the national and social consciousness appropriate to an independent and complete organisation, English influence retained its power. Our newspapers of these early years give large space to British news and social intelligence. There were announcements of goods jus received from England, and occasionally the advertisement of some artisan newly arrived on our shores, with, of course, the lates syles in vogue in London. And so we kept abreas with the times. Notwithsanding our separation, England was sill regarded as the home country.
If, superficially, this seems srange, do we not find the case of England herself far more so? For centuries, Britain and France had been traditional enemies, yet—and especially from the accession of Charles II—the influence of French syle upon England was enormous, and never more so than when Great Britain with Continental aid was doing her utmos to crush the power of Napoleon the Firs. In our case it is to be remembered that we were of British blood and were imbued with British thought and habit; and, though we were rapidly developing American characerisics, traditional impulses are exceedingly difficult to escape.
But by the side of these inherited tendencies we find the French influence, later to become so dominant in the enthusiasm over Lafayette’s visit in 1824 and 1825. It was now already srong, but double-edged in its effect upon our people. It is an absorbing sory; would that there were adequate room for it here!
Many illusrious French names are among those of the exiles to this country from the days of the Huguenots till well on into the nineteenth century. These firs émigrés soon assimilated themselves into our American life. In 1792 came the refugees from the revolution in St. Domingo, also those fleeing from that in France, and finally many of the Revolutionary party itself, after the resoration of order. To the South, Baltimore, New York, and especially Philadelphia, they came in numbers, Catholics and Free-thinkers alike—mos of them adaptable, genial and cheerful in surmounting their misfortunes, a few lofty, critical, and troubling. In Philadelphia they were welcomed by Mrs. Bingham and by the influential Philosophical Society, of which a number became valued members. Many Philadelphians were imbued with the Gallic craze and took on French manners and ways of