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    Evolution: What Darwin Did Not Know by Then..! [And the Origin of Species Through Species-Branding]
    Evolution: What Darwin Did Not Know by Then..! [And the Origin of Species Through Species-Branding]
    Evolution: What Darwin Did Not Know by Then..! [And the Origin of Species Through Species-Branding]
    Ebook127 pages48 minutes

    Evolution: What Darwin Did Not Know by Then..! [And the Origin of Species Through Species-Branding]

    By J Joseph Ph.D

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    About this ebook

    We all know that during the days of Darwin, the field of microscopy was at its infancy, and genetics did not exist as a field at all... at these times Darwin made remarkable achievements in the understanding of the origins of life... but science has come a long way since the days of Darwin...

    This book discusses about the concepts Darwin would have probably worked on, if he would be living (amongst us) in these days. The days of information superhighways, exponential growth in genomic knowledge and the unfortunate information overload that has come with it.

    Though this book is basic it can be called a research edition, in that sense that it requires at least some prior knowledge in the subject area to continue to understand and enjoy reading it.

    I wish you to have a good time.

    PS: For some motivation and more information on 'the species problem' discussed in this book, pl watch the video.

    LanguageEnglish
    PublisherJ Joseph Ph.D
    Release dateJun 13, 2015
    ISBN9781310848056
    Evolution: What Darwin Did Not Know by Then..! [And the Origin of Species Through Species-Branding]
    Author

    J Joseph Ph.D

    The author is a doctoral scientist from the prestigious Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich Germany. These books are the results of the extensive research, the author did in the field of Evolutionary biology.

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      Book preview

      Evolution - J Joseph Ph.D

      Table of Contents:

      Cover.

      TOC.

      Foreword.

      1, A brief history of evolution.

      2, How to brand a species?

      3, Concepts in evolution which we all know.

      4, Variations, more-variations & quantitative traits.

      5, Species branding’s role in Darwinian speciation.

      6, Different prospects of species branding.

      7, Environment’s roles.

      8, Species branding in populations.

      9, A case study with microbes.

      10, Resurfacing of past theories.

      Final word.

      FAQs.

      Mind map for this book.

      References.

      List of figures.

      Acknowledgements.

      Word cloud for this book.

      Back cover.

      Foreword:

      We all know that during the days of Darwin, the field of microscopy was at its infancy, and genetics did not exist as a field at all... at these times Darwin made remarkable achievements in the understanding of the origins of life... but science has come a long way since the days of Darwin...

      This book discusses about the concepts Darwin would have probably worked on, if he would be living (amongst us) in these days. The days of information superhighways, exponential growth in genomic knowledge and the unfortunate information overload that has come with it.

      Though this book is basic it can be called a research edition, in the sense that it requires at least some prior knowledge in the subject area to continue to understand and enjoy reading it.

      I wish you to have a good time.

      Dedication:

      This book is dedicated towards the betterment of science and the human understanding…

      ~ ~ ~

      Figure:1 Evolution chandelier. [1]

      1

      A brief history of evolution

      Neo-darwinism

      Also called as 'modern synthesis', neo-darwinism is a combination of both classical darwinism and the mendelian genetic theory. Modern synthesis has been widely accepted, but its views on speciation are still under debate. Neo-darwinists insisted that speciation happens by gradual accumulation of small genetic changes over time. According to them this also includes gradual changes to the morphology over time, as one species gets converted into a narrowly distinct species. With this being a theory, confirmation for these events which happened during evolution over extended periods of time could be done only by studying the fossil remains. And the fossils tell a different story.

      Punctuations in fossils

      In spite of the neo-darwinian claim of gradualism, fossil evidences have-not shown gradual stages of evolution from one species into its closely related species. Evolutionary trees drawn using these fossils show, rapid 'bursts' of speciation followed by long periods of 'stasis' where the species stayed unchanged. This model of evolution is referred to as 'punctuated equilibrium' Fig:2 and has been widely accepted [2, 3]. The absence of fossils which are missing links connecting two given genera (inter- genera/ family /order missing-links), persuaded the non-darwinists to question the neo-darwinian views on speciation through fine gradations. And this successfully influenced the supporters of neo-darwinism; to accept and accommodate this fact by making changes to their theory.

      Figure:2 Punctuated equilibrium. [4]

      Neo-darwinian speciation

      With speciation being an occasional event, the neo-darwinians subsequently claimed that the genotypic and specially the phenotypic gradualism happen in isolation at secluded locations like an island separated by water barrier (/river) Fig:3&4 or far side of a mountain range which divided terrain acting as a land barrier [5-7]. Neo-darwinists also claim that under these circumstances the fossils of the ‘inter- genera/ family /order missing-links’ could have been preserved, in remote sites away from where the common fossils are found, but would not-have been unearthed until this day. With this being a theory, the presence of these remote fossils has not-been confirmed.

      Figure:3 Neo-darwinian speciation. [8]

      Figure:4 Neo-darwinian speciation. [9]

      Morphological discontinuity

      Darwin was aware of this problem and he believed that the 'morphological discontinuity' which was seen in fossils of his time, was because of incomplete fossil records. He hoped that as more fossils get unearthed in the future it would include ‘inter- genera/ family /order fossils’, which he

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