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Gens de Dublin
Gens de Dublin
Gens de Dublin
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Gens de Dublin

Rating: 4 out of 5 stars

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Gens de Dublin, Les Gens de Dublin ou Dublinois (Dubliners) est un recueil de nouvelles publiées en 1914 qui préfigure l'œuvre monumentale dans laquelle, bientôt exilé volontaire, James Joyce ne cessera jamais d'évoquer sa ville natale de Dublin. Imprégnées tantôt de dérision, tantôt de sadisme latent, de brutalité ou d'humour, leur modernisme tient surtout au regard détaché, ironique, parfois cruel, mais toujours implacablement lucide, que l'écrivain pose sur ses personnages. Car ces derniers ne sont, en définitive, que le produit d'une société dont il évoque les frustrations, issues d'un étroit conformisme social et religieux.

LanguageFrançais
PublisherBooklassic
Release dateJul 7, 2015
ISBN9789635239917
Author

James Joyce

James Joyce was born in Dublin in 1882. He came from a reasonably wealthy family which, predominantly because of the recklessness of Joyce's father John, was soon plunged into financial hardship. The young Joyce attended Clongowes College, Belvedere College and, eventually, University College, Dublin. In 1904 he met Nora Barnacle, and eloped with her to Croatia. From this point until the end of his life, Joyce lived as an exile, moving from Trieste to Rome, and then to Zurich and Paris. His major works are Dubliners (1914), A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man (1916), Ulysses (1922) and Finnegan's Wake (1939). He died in 1941, by which time he had come to be regarded as one of the greatest novelists the world ever produced.

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Rating: 3.9275892763214175 out of 5 stars
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  • Rating: 3 out of 5 stars
    3/5
    Sure, this collection was written by none other than James Joyce, but let's be perfectly honest: this book encapsulates what Thoreu was talking about when he stated the obvious: "the mass of men lead lives of quiet desperation." After finishing this collection of failed lives, broken dreams, religious superstition, alcoholic excess, harsh memories, heartbreak, double-dealing, etc, I am going to need lots of ice cream to cleanse my palate of from the taste of a 'why even bother' mentality. And to think that my Irish grandmother was living in these very streets as this book was written! No wonder she left! Despair at its most relentless; as one character notes, "I saw myself as a creature driven and derided by vanity; and my eyes burned with anguish and anger." And he was one of the lucky ones!
  • Rating: 5 out of 5 stars
    5/5
    A reread of Dubliners, which I haven't read in half a century. A first read of the Norton Critical Edition with its supplementary materials. Dubliners could get 5***** on its own, but the supplementary materials in this NCE are absolutely superb, even better than the usually excellent NCE material. Especially good were Howard Ehrlich's " 'Araby' in Context: The 'Splendid Bazaar,' Irish Orientalism, and James Clarence Mangan" and Victor Cheng's "Empire and Patriarchy in 'The Dead'."
  • Rating: 4 out of 5 stars
    4/5
    Worth buying for "The Dead" alone.
  • Rating: 4 out of 5 stars
    4/5
    This isn't a cheery selection of stories, it's not displaying the famous Irish craig in any way. instead it has tales of death, disgrace, drunkenness, violence, danger, sacrifice of happiness and hope to duty and responsibility and other fun stuff like that. I sense that Joyce despaired of the inhabitants of the city, and was, possibly, trying to chock them into seeing themselves as he saw them, trapped in repetitive downwards spirals.That's not to say that the stories themselves aren't worth reading but don't expect to be uplifted by the story, although the way he can capture a mood in a few short pages is something to behold.
  • Rating: 5 out of 5 stars
    5/5
    A collection of short stories by Ireland's greatest writer. An impressive analysis of the social spectrum. And so much shorter than Ulysses (which I still must read, absolutely...)
  • Rating: 3 out of 5 stars
    3/5
    It is surprising how easily our perception can be influenced. When it comes to classic literature, this is doubly so! How long have you had the idea that reading James Joyce is just too hard? Well this year our book club took the challenge and Joyce’s Dubliners has scored the highest yet. We were all in agreement that the writing was superb and that Joyce has that very Irish knack of telling a tale that is entertaining yet sorrowful. As we have said before … no one does it like the Irish!It was commented that the narration serves as an observer to what, in anyone else’s hands, would be ordinary, everyday stories. But Joyce has a way of bringing his characters to life with everything that makes us human. Clever turn of phrase and descriptive language all come together to weave a picture of Dublin at a time that it was truly Irish. Our discussion included an interesting look at Joyce himself and some of the challenges he faced getting published. As a group we also try to do a little background into authors. I helps to round out our discussions and also adds an extra dimension to what we learn from the literature we read.We shared real life experiences in Ireland and had plenty of opinions on the traditions and uniqueness of the Irish people. We also felt we were able to pin point the difficult position the country and its people were caught in at the time of Dubliners publication. Somewhere between the modern and traditional world. Something that only a writer of Joyce’s calibre would be able to deliver.
  • Rating: 4 out of 5 stars
    4/5
    While shopping for books recently on Amazon, I was trying to upgrade my reading list through the addition of some “classics” that I’d avoided in the past. In doing so, I discovered a couple of relatively short works by authors that were somewhat intimidating by reputation. Having done a little research, I was pretty sure that authors such as Camus, Sartre, Joyce and Faulkner would probably not be to my liking. Nevertheless, I picked up Camus’ The Plague and Dubliners by James Joyce, emboldened by their brevity. In hindsight, I’m glad I did, though I’m unlikely to delve much deeper.This short (140 relatively dense pages) work is a compilation of short stories centered upon the Irish city of Dublin near the turn of the 20th century. These short stories are VERY short, most in the range of 5-10 pages long. I don’t necessarily dislike short stories, however I like for my short stories to be at least long enough to actually tell a story and this collection fails in that regard. Many of the offerings merely paint a tapestry, albeit in beautiful prose, but fall short of actually engaging the reader. In truth, there are no “stories” as much as vignettes. They were very reminiscent of many of the short Hemingway stories I’d read; beautifully written, but too short to capture my interest.I was quite disappointed after having read the first three or four very short vignettes, but it soon became apparent that the short stories were coalescing into a larger picture and the reader begins to get a more complete picture of the city, its people and their culture. Then, the final story, The Dead, proves a fitting capstone to the collection. Far longer than the other stories, at about 30 pages, it is by far the most powerful and memorable of the stories.Bottom line: This is a very short book containing very short stories, most of which are TOO short for my taste. Taken as a collection, however, they serve the purpose of making the reader familiar with the city, its people and their period in history. The final work makes the entire effort worthwhile. It was a two star effort through the first half, becoming three star as the stories coalesced, vaulted to four star by the final story.
  • Rating: 4 out of 5 stars
    4/5
    I chose "really liked it" because there were some stories that I really loved. There were others that were interesting but didn't grab my attention as much.

    The stories I loved were: A Little Cloud, The Dead, and A Mother.

  • Rating: 4 out of 5 stars
    4/5
    I began reading my lovely new Folio edition right out of the wrapper, and at first I couldn't quite see what the point of it all was. The first few stories, despite the clear brilliance of the writing---characters fully drawn in a couple sentences, images so sharp the smells of theriverthepubthesickroom come off the page--seemed to be all middle. The end of a story felt like the end of a chapter and I looked to pick up the scrap of thread that surely must be found in the pages to follow, but it never appeared. As so often happens with collections of short fiction, I connected with some of the pieces and not so much (or not at all) with others. I skipped one entirely after two paragraphs (that almost always happens too). But, and this will be no surprise to anyone who has read ANYTHING by Joyce (because it will have been "The Dead", 9 times out of 10), the final selection, "The Dead" just dropped me on my keister. It's perfectly made; the words are all Right-- there's never a lightning bolt when a lightning bug is what's wanted. It begins, it proceeds, it ends--in fact it ends with a paragraph so exquisite that, had I a drop of Irish blood in me, I would have been wailing. As it was, a tear was enough. My beloved cadre of 30-something current and former English professors (@lycomayflower, @geatland and others) have sung the praises of this story in my hearing over the last 10 years or so, and they don't exaggerate.Review written in August 2014
  • Rating: 5 out of 5 stars
    5/5
    Quite apart from the perfection of “The Dead,” death permeates the stories, vignettes, character sketches and emotional revues of Dubliners. A death is announced in the first sentence of the first story, “Sisters.” Whether in the foreground or mentioned in passing, deaths are just part of life for those who live in Dublin. When death gets title billing in that final story, it is hardly surprisingly to find Joyce reaching some kind of summative view on the matter with the snow now general across all of Ireland.This time reading Dubliners, I was struck by the “The Sisters,” “An Encounter,” and, as ever, “Araby.” But also “The Boarding House,” and “A Mother.” Yet standing apart from all of them is “The Dead.” It is so much more complete, so much more complex, so much more human and humane, and sadder. It truly is the culmination.Highly recommended, every time you read it.
  • Rating: 3 out of 5 stars
    3/5
    Verzameling korte verhalen, nogal wisselend van niveau, geen meesterwerken maar wel gedegen vakmanschap. Gemeenschappelijk katholieke verwijzingen, band met Dublin. Telkens een schokkende gebeurtenis voor de betrokken persoon. Apart: langere essay The Dead, subliem-wervelend.
  • Rating: 2 out of 5 stars
    2/5
    Despite not being a fan of short stories this is the third such set I have read on the bounce folllowing on from Conan Doyle's Adventures of Sherlock Holmes and Hemingway's Snows of Kilimanjaro. I had hoped that this book would act as an easy introduction to Joyce and his works before tackling one of his novels. I was wrong.Now while I can sit back and admire the overall writing style the book just did not really grab me. Perhaps I am just unable to grasp the subtler symbolism of its message but with each story I felt that it had been just cut off in the middle just as I was finally getting into it.There is a common thread within the book as the main protagonists of each story move from childhood to middle aged to maturity and finally death but the disparate nature of the characters and their backgrounds only added to the confusion I felt.The descriptions of Dublin and its life were very evocative, the characterisation was good and I particularily enjoyed some of the banality of the dialogues although knowing that the book was written while the author was in self-imposedexile seems, to me at least, to bring into question some of its poignancy. That is on the plus side but on the negative was the heavy use of notes, something that I'm loathe to read anyway, throughout the book. Now I realise that this book was written over 100 years ago so some were neccessary. Some meanings I was able to guess without refering to the back while others were totally unnecessary but overall to me they just killed the flow of the story.I am not studying for some examination nor really interested in some in depth study of 19th Century Irish life but am merely reading for pleasure. So perhaps the real truth was that I just had to try to hard to get the message of this book and that is why it didn't really grab me. There is another Joyce book on my To Be Read pile and it may just sit there a good bit longer now.
  • Rating: 5 out of 5 stars
    5/5
    A collection of stories about people in Dublin. All are more or less losers, but they cannot help it themselves. Beautifully written, especially The Dead.
  • Rating: 3 out of 5 stars
    3/5
    As they say, the last one was the best. Things useful to know before reading: in Ireland there are two main groups in religion: catholics and protestants and in politics: Nationalists and Unionists. Nationalists are separatists and want the 'Home Rule'
  • Rating: 4 out of 5 stars
    4/5
    James Joyce's collection of 15 stories relating to regular Irish citizens felt like a time machine taking me back into the turn of the century Dublin city. The characters and problems in the stories are all relevant and relatable as normal people you might meet on the street in the past. There was a dark gloom over most situations and characters but Joyce left you with just enough hope and anticipation to think maybe, possibly, it just might end up ok for the specific character you were currently with.I purchased this book as I was preparing for my trip to Ireland but found that I didn't have time to conquer until a year later. As I read it I constantly had flashbacks to my trip. It was wonderful. I can appreciate the realism of the characters and the lack of a happy ending. I think if every story ends with a happy ending then what point will there be in reading on and on. I look forward to reading my next Joyce novel!
  • Rating: 5 out of 5 stars
    5/5
    I enjoyed this collection because I doubt anyone writes short stories like this anymore. Dubliners is composed of vignettes looking into the lives of ordinary people and does not aspire to show extraordinary moments but rather the small ones that happen everyday. Although many of the stories feature epiphanies rendered from these small moments, others simply depict in realistic fashion an experience that could happen to anyone with no reflection by the character whatsoever. My favorites from the collection are Araby, Eveline, Two Gallants, The Boarding House, A Little Cloud, Clay, A Painful Case, A Mother, Grace, and of course, The Dead. One may notice I have listed there 10 of the 15 stories, and I suppose that is a reflection of how much I loved the book. It did take me over a year to complete, if only because I kept putting off reading The Dead because I wanted a suitable moment to give it its due consideration.
  • Rating: 4 out of 5 stars
    4/5
    The rating is for 'The Dead', the only story I have so far read, which was an incredible piece of writing. If only Joyce had carried on this vein, and not vanished up his own fundament, the show-off.
  • Rating: 5 out of 5 stars
    5/5
    A slim volume of fifteen short stories make up James Joyce's first prose book published in 1914. They are easy to read apart from a few obscure Irish phrases and it soon becomes apparent that Joyce is writing with a realism and insight that must have seemed quite modern when they first appeared. They are slices of middle class life told in a simple fashion with no sudden plot twists or trickery and may at first seem rather inconsequential, however they are certainly not that and build up to "The Dead" one of the best short stories I have ever read. The book has an accumulative power with that final story bringing together many of the strands and themes that appear earlier in the shorter tales. All the stories are beautifully crafted with characters that are sketched in with such a preciseness that the reader feels at home with them straight away. The reader is never surprised with the actions (or in many cases inactions) that they take; they are a product of their times and those times are superbly caught by the author. Catholic Ireland in the first decade of the twentieth century was smarting under English rule and while a Nationalist uprising was just around the corner the middle class characters that inhabit Joyce stories seem as wary of the Nationalist as they are of English rule and while the political situation does not dominate their lives it is in the background to many of the stories, however Joyce is interested in the way people behave within their own community and his insights into the human condition are just as relevant today. Missed opportunities or a failure to follow a dream is a theme that predominates, but in many of the stories it would seem to me that the characters are better off not chasing that dream. The events in their lives lead many of them to an epiphany of some sort, it could be a crossroads, but the tragedy is that some of them only realise this after the opportunity has passed them by. There are no risks taken, characters are content to live the lives that they are born into, conventions are followed and you have to say that many of the choices made are inevitable and may even be the right choices. In "An Encounter" an adventurous young lad is curious about a strange man, who the reader can see could be a paedophile. In "Eveline" a young domestic is given the chance to run away to Argentina with a man who she may love. In "Araby" a teenager is desperate to get to a local Bazaar to buy a present for a girl on whom he has a crush. In "A Painful Case" James Duffy a confirmed bachelor meets a married woman whose company he yearns for and whom he finds intellectually stimulating. Many of the stories touch on situations that many of us will have come across; if not in our own lives then in the lives of friends or acquaintances and we cannot help but be drawn into the consequences for the characters in Joyce's stories.Once the reader is used to the idea that the stories seem to follow a natural course he can let the prose do it's work; which is to capture the milieu of middle class life, to enter into the thoughts and feelings in such a way that there in no feeling of intrusion. Joyce is a master of non manipulation; their is no preaching, no moral stance, people behave as they will with few surprises; it is left to the reader to appreciate what he has just read and to follow his own reaction to the events that take place. There are few writers that can tap into my thoughts and feelings the way that Joyce can in [Dubliners] and [A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man]. The first story "Sisters" starts with the death of an old priest about whom there may be something untoward and the effect on a young lad who has grown close to him. The last story "The Dead" continues the grand theme of the march towards death by invoking the dead in the actions and thoughts of a party of friends gathering for a Christmas celebration. This masterful story brings many of the other stories into focus with a symbol of a snowfall that appears to deaden the lives of Joyce's characters; some marvellous prose completes the story:Generous tears filled Gabriel's eyes. He had never felt like that himself towards any woman, but he knew that such a feeling must be love. The tears gathered more thickly in his eyes and in the partial darkness he imagined he saw the form of a young man standing under a dripping tree. Other forms were near. His soul had approached that region where dwell the vast hosts of the dead. He was conscious of, but could not apprehend, their wayward flickering existence. His own identity was fading out into a grey impalpable world: the solid world itself, which these dead had one time reared and lived in, was dissolving and dwindling" After all the realism of the earlier stories Joyce's final lurch into the metaphysical world has the power of contrast that juxtaposes all that has gone before. A five star read.
  • Rating: 1 out of 5 stars
    1/5
    I have a list of major authors whom I’ve never read in a Notepad file: Dickens, Faulkner, Carver, Woolf, etc. This stems from being a young reader in the 21st century, looking back across history at the overwhelming weight of the human canon. My theory is that while there are far too many great books in the world for anybody to read in one lifetime, you should try to read at least one book from all the major authors, to sample their style and see if they take your fancy or not, to discover whether you want to pursue their works further. James Joyce is on that list, and since there is not a chance in hell I’m ever going to read Ulysses, I thought it appropriate to read his short story anthology Dubliners.I’m not going to try to talk my way around it: I hated this book. It was extremely tedious. Rarely did any of the fifteen stories gathered within capture my attention in any way; more often than not, I found myself distracted and daydreaming, and had to keep snapping my focus back to the page. I finished the book yesterday and can properly summarise exactly zero of the stories for you. I can tell you virtually nothing about the plots they contain, let alone the thematic weight they are supposed to carry. This is not to say that they are bad or useless or pointless; merely that whatever literary heft they have was lost on this reader. Dubliners, just so we’re clear, is not written in the same deliberately confusing modernist stream-of-consciousness style that Ulysses and Finnegan’s Wake are. It’s a perfectly normal, ordinary style of writing. It’s just very, very boring.I’m not a stupid or crass reader. I have read, enjoyed, appreciated and even loved the works of Herman Melville, Ernest Hemingway, J.M. Coetzee and Peter Carey, to name a few. But I hated Dubliners, and if that makes me a philistine then so be it.
  • Rating: 4 out of 5 stars
    4/5
    James Joyce is always called a "modernist" a this, a that, but on re-reading this volume for make this entry, I realized that I had never thought of him as "proto-existentialist"
  • Rating: 4 out of 5 stars
    4/5
    James Joyce is one of those classic authors on my "to-do" list. One of many who I should have read or only read lightly. Others include Joseph Conrad and William Faulkner. There is a rather large lot of them. Even some like Thomas Hardy and Hemingway who I liked a lot in my younger days is under-read by me. So finally some Joyce. Some thoughts:The Dubliners is a collection of 15 stories set in Dublin Ireland. Together they can be seen as a novel. The first story was published in 1904. The last in 1907. Some of these stories were apparently quite controversial at the the time. I read a little background material before tackling this. Doing so made me wonder if I could really appreciate this a century after they were written. I was ready for bleak. Stories I've read set in Ireland such as McCourt's [Angela's Ashes] have more than convinced me of the overwhelming crushing poverty and sadness for endless decades. Bleak is what I got, but not overwhelming; more just like a great melancholy laying over many stories. Some are frankly depressing, almost enought to make one cry. These are small snapshots of moments in ordinary people's lives. I thought most of them were quite good. The writing is beautiful. As for my trepidations of not being able to fully appreciate these in their time, I think it was a little true. I wasn't quite sure what was going on at times and with the dialogue between characters. Other stories were 100% understandable. Someone with a depth of knowledge of the times and Irish history would probably get more from these stories, but I had no major problems other than being unfamiliar with a word here and there and some sensibilities. The stories really grew into something bigger than the pieces and my appreciation got ever larger. Very fine stuff here. I'm glad to have finally tackled Joyce. He is without a doubt a storyteller. Quite a good read.
  • Rating: 3 out of 5 stars
    3/5
    The stories are very well written, however just not long enough to get connected to the characters which is a shame.
  • Rating: 4 out of 5 stars
    4/5
    Such wonderful writing! The book gets better the further you go, because the stories create a vivid picture of a city and time. Although these are short stories, in one sense this is a novel. Makes me think of "Winesburg, Ohio" (which I just realized I need to add to my list of books read).
  • Rating: 3 out of 5 stars
    3/5
    "When we met in the street the houses had grown sombre. The space of the sky above us was the colour of ever-changing violet and towards it the lamps of the street lifted their feeble lanterns. The cold air stung us and we played till our bodies glowed. Our shouts echoed in the silent street."James Joyce gives us 15 short stories about his old home of Dublin, from childhood to adolescence to mature life and public life. I can see and respect the skill in Joyce's writing. And the introduction provides a little further insight that sheds a slightly clearer light on the stories than I got from my unhappy reading. There are some slight feminist angles and he does well at portraying a certain kind of common life experienced there. And the last story—the "long" one at a whopping 40 pages—was certainly a positive demonstration of what Joyce was capable of producing. However. I did not enjoy this book. Most of the stories were dreadfully short, between a mere 5-10 pages; this is not enough time to flesh out a proper story, as far as I am concerned. Not enough can happen, or if something happens, there is not enough background to it to make it worth knowing that the something happened. It is quite difficult to feel much for a character you've only just been introduced to. Add to that, the stories are terribly bleak and melancholy. This is a common "feature" of the short story in general, for some reason it seems to lend itself to the style, but it is not something I appreciate in a bundle. Why must they all be that way? Surely not everyone in Ireland was living with/were rotten abusive drunken men!Now admittedly, I do not, as a rule, care for short stories. I mostly only read them from favored authors, or collections of genres or region or whathaveyou. But on occasion, some other author's short stories make their way into my hands, for some reason or other. I generally do not wind up enamored with them on such occasions, but one never knows. So, it should come as no surprise that I was not thrilled with this volume. Even so, I disliked reading this little book far more than any other collection I have read. "His soul swooned slowly as he heard the snow falling faintly through the universe and faintly falling, like the descent of their last end, upon all the living and the dead."If you enjoy short stories, this is probably a good read for you. If you're not especially fond of them, run away!
  • Rating: 3 out of 5 stars
    3/5
    Really liked The Dead. Some of the others had their moments, but I didn't like that most of them were more like vignettes than actual short stories.
  • Rating: 4 out of 5 stars
    4/5
    15 short stories which paint a picture of life in “dear, dirty Dublin” in the first decade of the 20th century. It’s a little uneven, with some of the stories too short or less interesting, yet is certainly worth reading. My favorites were “A Little Cloud”, in which a man comes to grips with his failed literary dreams and the idea that his baby son was now getting all of the attention from his wife, and the last story, “The Dead”, which has an awkward and insecure man pondering life and death, and just how little he knows about his wife’s past. That gives you a taste for the moments of self-realization, or ‘epiphanies’, the characters in these unflinchingly honest stories feel.
  • Rating: 2 out of 5 stars
    2/5
    A practice run for Portrait of the Artist As a Young Man and Ulysses. Some good moments, but a lot of flops; the only "great" stories are Araby, Eveline, and The Dead. Not that the others aren't enjoyable; Joyce is at his best when he has more breathing room than the short story form allows.
  • Rating: 5 out of 5 stars
    5/5
    This book was my 'A' level set book and I enjoyed it as narrative without understanding much of its significance. I got Bolt's preface to Joyce, as a prelude to another attempt at 'Ulysses' and re-read it. It's deep and experimental, but a good read at the same time. A great insight into Dublin just before WW1 and humanity in general, take what you want, it's here.
  • Rating: 3 out of 5 stars
    3/5
    Reading Joyce's short stories here, I was strangely reminded of Tolstoy, for a reason I can't quite think of. I enjoyed Joyce's character studies, and found them an insightful introduction to life in Dublin at the turn of the last century. That said, I found the whole to be slow-going, and sometimes quite a lot of work. I drifted off at times and had to reread whole paragraphs.
  • Rating: 5 out of 5 stars
    5/5
    my first impression of this book is that it reads like a collection of short stories. i like the way that the characters are linked by common geography; each chapter is a story of a different character whose lives are lived in Dublin during the early 20th century. many literary reviews note the truthfulness of these stories, as James Joyce was a Dubliner himself and hence wrote locally, in every sense of the word. there's something to be said about the semi autobiographical element in these kind of fiction. this is the first time i've come across a literary work written in such spatial proximity to the author, but i think it speaks volumes about one's "habitat". the details of the city are accurate too: down to the locations of the pubs, as in "Counterparts", and the historical events, as in "Ivy Day in the Committee Room" in the introduction of this oxford edition, the editors point out that Joyce framed the book in four arrangements to try to make a complete picture of life in Dublin: childhood, adolescence, maturity and public life. i thought that was really neat.as well, the final story in the Dubliners, "The Dead" has been recognized as one of perhaps the greatest short stories to be written in English fiction. reading the literary analysis of it after the text itself, i can really appreciate why brilliance has been assigned to it.

Book preview

Gens de Dublin - James Joyce

978-963-523-991-7

Les Soeurs

Il n’y avait plus d’espoir pour lui désormais : c’était la troisième attaque. Chaque soir je passais devant la maison (c’était au temps des vacances) et j’observais le carré de lumière de la fenêtre : chaque soir je le trouvais éclairé, de même, faiblement et uniformément. S’il était mort, pensais-je, je verrais le reflet des cierges sur les stores assombris, car je savais que l’on doit poser deux cierges à la tête du mort. Il me disait souvent : « Je n’ai plus pour longtemps à être de ce monde », et je pensais qu’il ne faisait là que radoter. Maintenant je me rendais à l’évidence. Chaque soir, en levant les yeux sur la fenêtre, je me répétais doucement à moi-même le mot « paralysie ». Il sonnait, étrange à mes oreilles, comme « Gnomon » dans l’œuvre d’Euclide et « Simonie » dans le catéchisme. Mais aujourd’hui il sonnait comme le nom d’un malfaisant et diabolique génie. Il me remplissait de terreur, ce mot, et je brûlais cependant de m’approcher du mort et de contempler l’œuvre de la paralysie.

Le vieux Cotter fumait, assis au coin du feu, lorsque je descendis souper. Tandis que ma tante me versait ma bouillie d’avoine, il dit, comme s’il revenait à une de ses remarques précédentes :

– Non, je ne disais pas qu’il était exactement… mais il y avait quelque chose de singulier… d’un peu sinistre en lui, c’est mon opinion…

Il commença par lancer avec sa pipe quelques bouffées de fumée : sans aucun doute il préparait dans son esprit son opinion. Pauvre vieux fou ennuyeux ! Les premiers temps que nous le connûmes, il nous intéressait plutôt, parlait de syncopes et de vers, mais je me suis vite fatigué de lui et de ses interminables histoires de distillerie.

– J’ai ma théorie personnelle là-dessus, ajouta-t-il, je suis d’avis que c’est un de ces… cas particuliers… Mais c’est difficile à dire…

Il tira quelques bouffées de sa pipe, sans nous exposer sa théorie. Mon oncle vit que je le fixais et m’interpella :

– Eh bien, votre vieil ami n’est plus ; vous allez être peiné de l’apprendre.

– Qui ?

– Le père Flynn.

– Il est mort ?

– M. Cotter vient de nous l’annoncer ; il passait devant la maison.

Je compris que l’on m’observait, aussi continuai-je de manger comme si la nouvelle ne m’avait point intéressé. Mon oncle expliqua au vieux Cotter :

– Ce jeune garçon et lui étaient grands amis. Il faut vous dire que le vieillard lui enseigna beaucoup de choses ; on prétend qu’il avait un faible pour lui.

– Dieu aie pitié de son âme ! fit ma tante pieusement.

Le vieux Cotter me regarda un moment. Je sentais ses petits yeux noirs en boules me scruter, mais je ne voulus pas le contenter et ne détachai point mes regards de mon assiette. Il revint à sa pipe et cracha grossièrement dans le foyer :

– Je n’aimerais pas que mes enfants eussent trop affaire à un tel homme.

– Que voulez-vous dire, monsieur Cotter ? demanda ma tante.

– C’est que c’est très mauvais pour les enfants. Il faut laisser les gamins courir où bon leur semble et jouer avec leurs pareils et non pas… Ai-je raison, Jack ?

– C’est aussi mon avis, répondit mon oncle. Laissez l’enfant apprendre à boxer sur son ring. C’est ce que je ne cesse de répéter à ces rose-croix-là : prenez de l’exercice. Chaque matin, hiver comme été, lorsque j’étais gamin, je prenais un bain froid ; et c’est cela qui a fait de moi l’homme que je suis. L’éducation est un beau mot qui sonne bien, mais… M. Cotter prendra bien une tranche de ce gigot de mouton, ajouta-t-il en se tournant vers ma tante.

– Non, non, pas pour moi, dit le vieux Cotter.

Ma tante sortit le plat du garde-manger et le posa sur la table :

– Mais pourquoi est-ce mauvais pour les enfants, monsieur Cotter ? demanda-t-elle.

– C’est mauvais pour les enfants, parce qu’ils sont très impressionnables. Lorsqu’ils voient de telles choses… cela a un effet…

Je bourrai ma bouche de bouillie de peur de laisser échapper trop vivement mon indignation. Quel insupportable imbécile, ce vieux au nez rouge !

Il se faisait tard lorsque je m’endormis. Bien qu’irrité contre le vieux Cotter qui me traitait en enfant, je me cassai la tête pour trouver une signification à ses phrases inachevées. Dans l’obscurité de ma chambre il me semblait revoir la face lourde et grise du paralytique. Je ramenai les couvertures par-dessus ma tête et essayai de penser à Noël. Mais la face grise me poursuivait toujours. Un murmure s’échappait des lèvres et je compris que le fantôme désirait se confesser de quelque chose. Je sentis mon âme se retirer en un lieu de plaisir et de débauche ; et là encore je le trouvai qui m’attendait. Il commença à se confesser à moi d’une voix basse et je me demandais pourquoi la face souriait sans cesse et pour quelle raison les lèvres étaient si humectées de salive. Mais je me souvins à ce moment que c’était la paralysie qui avait déterminé la mort et je me sentis sourire à mon tour, comme pour absoudre le simoniaque de son péché.

Le matin suivant, après le premier déjeuner, je descendis observer la petite maison de Great Britain Street. C’était une modeste boutique à l’enseigne vague de Nouveautés. Les nouveautés consistaient principalement en chaussons d’enfants et en parapluies ; en temps ordinaire un avis ainsi conçu était pendu à la devanture : On recouvre les parapluies ! Nul avis n’était visible à présent, car les rideaux étaient tirés. Des rubans retenaient un bouquet de deuil au marteau de la porte. Deux pauvres femmes et un petit télégraphiste lisaient la pancarte fixée au crêpe. J’approchai aussi et lus :

1er juillet 1895

Le R. P. James Flynn (anciennement de l’église Sainte-Catherine, Meath street), âgé de soixante-cinq ans.

R. I. P.

La lecture de la pancarte me persuada qu’il était mort et l’évidence me troubla. S’il eût été vivant, je serais entré dans la petite pièce sombre de l’arrière-boutique et l’y aurais trouvé dans son fauteuil près du feu, comme étouffé sous son manteau. Peut-être ma tante m’aurait-elle donné pour lui un paquet de tabac à priser, et ce cadeau l’aurait tiré de sa somnolence. C’était moi qui vidais le paquet dans la tabatière : ses mains tremblaient trop pour lui permettre de le faire sans en renverser la moitié sur le sol. Même lorsqu’il soulevait sa main fébrile vers son nez, de la fumée, en petits nuages, glissait entre ses doigts sur le devant de son manteau. Peut-être étaient-ce ces continuelles ondées de tabac à priser qui donnaient à ses anciens vêtements sacerdotaux leur apparence « vert fané » ; car toujours noirci par les prises d’une semaine, le mouchoir rouge dont il se servait pour balayer les grains tombés demeurait tout à fait inefficace.

J’avais envie d’entrer, de le voir, mais je n’eus pas le courage de frapper… Je m’en allai d’un pas lent le long de la rue ensoleillée, lisant sur mon chemin, aux devantures, les affiches de théâtre. Je trouvais étrange que ni moi ni le jour n’eussions pris des allures de deuil, et même je me sentis triste de découvrir en moi une sensation d’indépendance, comme si j’avais été libéré de quelque chose par sa mort. Je m’étonnai, car, ainsi que l’avait dit mon oncle la veille au soir, il m’avait beaucoup enseigné. Il avait fait ses études au collège irlandais de Rome et m’avait appris à prononcer le latin correctement. Il m’avait raconté des histoires sur les catacombes et Napoléon Bonaparte, expliqué le sens des diverses cérémonies de la messe et des différents vêtements sacerdotaux. Parfois il s’amusait à me poser des questions difficiles, à me demander ce que telle ou telle personne devait faire dans certaines circonstances ou si tels ou tels péchés étaient mortels, véniels ou simplement des imperfections. Ses questions me dévoilaient la complexité mystérieuse de maintes institutions de l’Église qui ne m’étaient jamais apparues que comme les actes les plus simples. Les devoirs d’un prêtre envers l’Eucharistie et les secrets du confessionnal me semblaient si graves que je me demandais comment il avait pu se trouver des êtres assez courageux pour en assumer la charge ; je ne fus point surpris quand il me raconta que les pères de l’Église, pour débrouiller toutes ces inextricables questions, avaient écrit des volumes aussi épais que l’Annuaire des Postes et imprimés aussi serré que les notices légales dans les journaux. Souvent, lorsque j’y pensais, je ne pouvais sortir aucune réponse, tout au plus une réponse sotte et timide devant laquelle il souriait et remuait deux ou trois fois la tête. Parfois il me poussait à fond sur les répons de la messe, qu’il m’avait fait apprendre par cœur, et tandis que je bredouillais, il se mettait à sourire pensivement et à hocher la tête, tout en enfonçant de temps à autres de larges prises, alternativement, dans chaque narine. Quand il souriait, il avait l’habitude de découvrir ses longues dents jaunies et de laisser reposer sa langue sur la lèvre inférieure, – habitude qui me mettait mal à l’aise au début de nos relations avant que je ne le connusse bien.

Comme je marchais au soleil, je me souvins des paroles du vieux Cotter et essayai de me rappeler ce qui était survenu ensuite dans le rêve. Je me souvenais d’avoir vu de longs rideaux de velours, une lampe de vieux style qui, suspendue, oscillait. Je sentais même que j’avais été très loin en une contrée où les mœurs étaient étranges, – en Perse, pensai-je… Mais je ne pouvais me remémorer la fin du rêve.

Dans l’après-midi ma tante m’emmena à la maison mortuaire ; le soleil était couché. Mais les vitres des maisons qui regardaient le couchant reflétaient l’or fauve d’une longue bande de nuages. Nannie nous reçut dans le hall et, comme si c’eût été incorrect de lui parler fort, ma tante n’échangea avec elle qu’une poigne de main. La vieille femme désigna le haut d’un air interrogateur et, sur l’acquiescement de ma tante, nous précéda pour gravir l’étroit escalier, sa tête ployée atteignant à peine la hauteur de la rampe. Au premier palier elle s’arrêta et, d’un geste d’encouragement, nous poussa vers la porte ouverte de la chambre mortuaire. Ma tante entra et la vieille femme, me voyant hésiter, me fit, à plusieurs reprises, signe de la main. Je pénétrai sur la pointe des pieds. La lumière, à travers la dentelle du store, envahissait la pièce d’un or sombre qui pâlissait et amenuisait la flamme des cierges. Il avait été mis en bière. Nannie donna le signal et nous nous agenouillâmes tous trois au pied du lit. J’affectai de prier, mais ne pouvais rassembler mes pensées, distrait que j’étais par les murmures de la vieille femme. Je remarquai la piteuse façon dont sa jupe était retenue dans le dos, l’usure de côté aux talons de ses chaussons de drap. Il me vint à l’idée que le vieux prêtre devait sourire dans la bière où il reposait. Mais non ! Quand nous nous levâmes et vînmes à la tête du lit, je ne le vis point sourire. Couché là, solennel et corpulent, il avait les habits du sacrifice et ses larges mains retenaient avec mollesse un calice. Sa figure était en vérité truculente, grise et massive, garnie de narines profondes, obscures comme des cavernes, et encerclée d’une maigre fourrure blanche. Une odeur pesait dans la pièce, – les fleurs.

Nous nous signâmes et partîmes. Dans la petite pièce, en bas de l’escalier, nous trouvâmes Eliza dignement assise dans son fauteuil. Je traçai mon chemin vers ma chaise accoutumée, dans le coin, tandis que Nannie sortait du buffet une carafe de sherry et des verres. Elle les posa sur la table et nous invita à nous rafraîchir. Sur l’ordre de sa sœur, elle versa le sherry et nous le passa. Elle me pressa aussi de prendre quelques biscuits secs, mais je refusai, pensant que je ferais trop de bruit en les mangeant. Mon refus parut la désappointer un peu ; elle gagna le sofa derrière sa sœur. Chacun se taisait : nous regardions tous le foyer sans feu.

Ma tante laissa passer un soupir d’Eliza, puis elle dit alors :

– Eh bien, il est parti pour un monde meilleur.

Eliza poussa un nouveau soupir et pencha la tête en signe d’assentiment. Ma tante tapota le pied de son verre avant d’y tremper les lèvres :

– Est-il… sans souffrance ?

– Oh ! tout à fait sans souffrance, madame, répondit Eliza. Vous n’auriez pas su dire à quel moment le souffle le quitta. Il a eu, Dieu soit loué ! une belle mort.

– Et tout ?…

– Le père O’Rourke a eu un entretien avec lui, mardi ; il lui a donné l’extrême-onction, il l’a préparé. Tout a été fait.

– Se rendait-il compte alors ?

– Il était complètement résigné.

– Il a une expression résignée.

– C’est ce qu’a dit la femme qui est venue faire sa toilette. Elle disait qu’il avait absolument l’air d’un homme endormi tant il semblait calme et résigné. Personne n’aurait pensé qu’il eût fait un aussi beau mort.

– Ma foi, oui, approuva ma tante.

Elle prit encore un peu de sherry :

– Eh bien, Miss Flynn, en tout cas ce sera une grande consolation pour vous de savoir que vous avez fait pour lui tout ce que vous pouviez ; vous lui étiez si dévouées toutes deux.

Eliza se caressa les genoux :

– Ah ! pauvre James ! Dieu sait si nous avons fait tout ce que nous avons pu malgré notre pauvreté ; nous n’aurions pas voulu qu’il manquât de quoi que ce soit durant sa vie.

Nannie avait renversé la tête sur l’oreiller du sofa comme si elle allait s’endormir.

– Voyez la pauvre Nannie, dit Eliza en la regardant ; elle n’en peut plus. Nous avons eu bien de la peine, elle et moi, pour nous procurer l’ensevelisseuse, pour sortir le cercueil, pour organiser la messe dans la chapelle. Je ne sais ce que nous serions devenues sans le père O’Rourke. C’est lui qui nous a apporté des fleurs et les deux chandeliers de la chapelle, lui qui a écrit la notice pour le Freeman’s General, qui s’est chargé des papiers pour le cimetière et de l’assurance pour le pauvre James.

– N’est-ce pas gentil de sa part ! dit ma tante.

Eliza ferma les yeux et secoua lentement la tête :

– Ah ! il n’est pas d’amis tels que les vieux amis – j’entends : d’amis auxquels on puisse se fier.

– C’est bien vrai, dit ma tante. Je suis sûre que maintenant qu’il est en possession de la récompense divine il ne vous oubliera pas, vous et toutes vos bontés.

– Ah ! pauvre James ! il ne nous gênait guère. On ne l’entendait pas plus dans la maison que maintenant. Cependant, bien que je le sache parti vers tout cet…

– C’est quand tout sera terminé qu’il vous manquera.

– Oh ! je sais cela. Je n’irai plus lui porter sa tasse de bouillon, vous madame, vous ne lui enverrez plus son tabac à priser, ah ! pauvre James !

Elle s’arrêta, comme si elle communiait avec le passé, puis reprit avec un air de sagacité :

– Notez bien que je m’étais aperçue que quelque chose d’étrange se passait en lui ces derniers temps. Chaque fois que je lui apportais sa soupe, je le trouvais avec son bréviaire tombé à terre, renversé dans son fauteuil la bouche ouverte.

Elle se posa un doigt le long du nez, fronça les sourcils et poursuivit :

– Mais il n’en continuait pas moins à dire qu’avant l’automne, par un jour de beau temps, il parviendrait bien à aller voir notre vieille maison natale en bas d’Irishtown et qu’il nous emmènerait, Nannie et moi. Si seulement nous pouvions trouver à louer bon marché, à la journée, chez Johnny Rush, à côté d’ici, une de ces nouvelles voitures silencieuses dont le père O’Rourke lui avait parlé, de ces voitures à roues pour rhumatisants, alors nous pourrions nous y rendre tous les trois un dimanche après-midi. C’était son idée fixe… Pauvre James !

– Le Seigneur aie pitié de son âme ! dit ma tante.

Eliza sortit son mouchoir, se sécha les yeux, puis elle le remit dans sa poche et contempla un moment en silence la grille sans feu.

– Il fut toujours trop scrupuleux, dit-elle. Les devoirs sacerdotaux étaient trop lourds pour lui, et puis on peut bien dire que sa vie avait été traversée.

– Oui, dit ma tante, c’est un homme qui avait eu une déception. Ça se voyait.

Sur la petite pièce tomba un silence à la faveur duquel je m’approchai de la table, goûtai le sherry, puis retournai à ma chaise, dans le coin, tranquillement. Eliza semblait abîmée dans une rêverie profonde. Par respect nous attendîmes pour rompre le silence ; après une longue pause, elle dit lentement :

– Ce calice qu’il brisa… ce fut le commencement. Naturellement on disait que c’était sans importance, j’entends que le calice ne contenait rien. Mais tout de même… On prétendait que c’était la faute de l’enfant de chœur. Le pauvre James était si nerveux, puisse Dieu lui être miséricordieux !

– Et était-ce cela qui…, interrogea ma tante. J’ai entendu dire quelque chose…

Eliza acquiesça de la tête :

– Cela affecta son esprit ; il devint, après, taciturne, ne parlait plus à personne, errait seul. Ainsi il fut appelé une nuit, et nulle part on ne put le trouver. On fouilla de la cave au grenier, mais sans succès. Le clerc insinua alors qu’il était peut-être dans la chapelle. On prit donc les clefs, on ouvrit et le clerc, le père O’Rourke et un autre prêtre présent apportèrent une lumière pour le chercher. … Devinez où on le trouva ! Assis dans son confessionnal obscur, grand éveillé, semblant se rire à lui-même.

Elle s’arrêta brusquement comme pour écouter. J’écoutai aussi, mais il n’y avait aucun bruit dans la maison et je savais que le vieux prêtre était toujours couché dans son cercueil, tel que nous l’avions vu, solennel et truculent dans la mort, un calice vide sur le cœur.

Eliza reprit :

– Grand éveillé, semblant se rire à lui-même… Aussi, lorsqu’ils virent cela, ils pensèrent qu’il avait quelque chose de fêlé.

Une Rencontre

Ce fut Joe Dillon qui nous fit découvrir le Wild West. Il avait une petite bibliothèque faite de vieux numéros de The Union Jack, Pluck et The Half Penny Marvel. Chaque soir, l’école finie, nous nous retrouvions dans son jardin et organisions des batailles de Peaux Rouges. Lui et son jeune frère, le gros Léo le paresseux, défendaient le grenier et l’écurie, que nous essayions d’emporter d’assaut ; ou bien, on livrait une bataille rangée, sur l’herbe. Mais nous avions beau nous battre de notre mieux, nous ne l’emportions ni dans nos assauts, ni en terrain découvert, et toutes nos luttes se terminaient par une danse triomphale de Joe Dillon.

Ses parents allaient chaque matin à la messe de huit heures à Gardiner Street et l’atmosphère de paix qui émanait de Mme Dillon régnait dans le hall de la maison. Mais Joe combattait avec trop de violence, pour nous qui étions plus jeunes et plus timides. Il avait vraiment l’air d’une sorte de Peau Rouge lorsqu’il gambadait autour du jardin, un vieux couvre-théière sur la tête, tapant de son poing sur une boîte en fer-blanc et hurlant : « Ya ! Yaka. Yaka. Yaka ! »

Aussi chacun fit montre d’incrédulité lorsqu’on raconta qu’il avait la vocation et qu’il voulait être prêtre. Et cependant c’était vrai.

Un esprit d’indiscipline s’était propagé parmi nous et sous cette influence disparaissaient les oppositions de culture et de tempérament. Nous nous étions ligués en bande les uns avec jactance, d’autres en guise de plaisanterie, certains presque avec frayeur ; je faisais partie des Peaux Rouges forcés qui redoutaient de paraître studieux ou qu’on accusait de manquer de virilité. Les aventures racontées dans la littérature du Wild West étaient loin de ma nature, mais du moins m’ouvraient-elles des portes d’évasion. Je préférais certaines histoires de détectives où de temps à autre passaient de belles filles cruelles et échevelées. Quoiqu’il n’y eût rien de mal dans ces histoires et que leur visée fût parfois littéraire, elles ne circulaient à l’école qu’en secret. Un jour que le père Butler écoutait nos quatre pages d’histoire romaine, ce maladroit de Léo Dillon se fit pincer avec un des numéros de The Half Penny Marvel. « Cette page-ci ou celle-là ? Celle-ci ? Voyons, Dillon, à vous : À peine le jour… continuez… quel jour ?… À peine le jour était-il paru… savez-vous votre leçon ?… mais qu’avez-vous donc dans votre poche ? »

Tous, le cœur battant, nous regardions Dillon qui

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