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    Tutankhamen: Amenism, Atenism and Egyptian Monotheism/with Hieroglyphic Texts of Hymns to Amen and Aten
    Tutankhamen: Amenism, Atenism and Egyptian Monotheism/with Hieroglyphic Texts of Hymns to Amen and Aten
    Tutankhamen: Amenism, Atenism and Egyptian Monotheism/with Hieroglyphic Texts of Hymns to Amen and Aten
    Ebook243 pages2 hours

    Tutankhamen: Amenism, Atenism and Egyptian Monotheism/with Hieroglyphic Texts of Hymns to Amen and Aten

    By E.A. Wallis Budge

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    About this ebook

    Noted Egyptologist's careful account, written to counter flurry of misinformation after 1922 discovery of Tutankhamen's tomb, of the known facts about the reign of Tutankhamen, the cults of Amen and Aten, and Egyptian monotheism. Over 50 illustrations and hieroglyphic texts of most important hymns to Amen and Aten.
    LanguageEnglish
    PublisherDover Publications
    Release dateOct 16, 2012
    ISBN9780486148465
    Tutankhamen: Amenism, Atenism and Egyptian Monotheism/with Hieroglyphic Texts of Hymns to Amen and Aten

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      Book preview

      Tutankhamen - E.A. Wallis Budge

      IV.

      TUTANKHAMEN

      AMENISM, ATENISM AND EGYPTIAN MONOTHEISM

      With Hieroglyphic Texts of

      Hymns to Amen and Aten

      E. A. WALLIS BUDGE

      DOVER PUBLICATIONS, INC.

      New York

      TO

      THE MEMORY OF

      GEORGE EDWARD STANHOPE MOLYNEUX HERBERT

      EARL OF CARNARVON

      Published in Canada by General Publishing Company, Ltd., 30 Lesmill Road, Don Mills, Toronto, Ontario.

      Published in the United Kingdom by Constable and Company, Ltd., 3 The Lanchesters, 162–164 Fulham Palace Road, London W6 9ER.

      This Dover edition, first published in 1991, is an unabridged republication of the work originally published in 1923 by Martin Hopkinson and Company Ltd, London. For reasons of proximity to textual reference, Plates I and XI have been moved to different locations in the present edition. Diacritical marks have been deleted from the cover and the title page for reasons of convenience.

      Manufactured in the United States of America

      Dover Publications, Inc., 31 East 2nd Street, Mineola, N.Y. 11501

      Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

      Budge, E. A. Wallis (Ernest Alfred Wallis), Sir, 1857-1934.

      Tutankhamen : Amenism, Atenism, and Egyptian monotheism : with hieroglyphic texts of hymns to Amen and Aten / E. A. Wallis Budge. — Dover ed.

            p. cm.

      Originally published: London : Martin Hopkinson and Company Ltd, 1923.

      Includes index.

      eISBN 13: 978-0-486-14846-5

      1. Tutankhamen, King of Egypt. 2. Egypt—Religion. 3. Hymns, Egyptian. 4. Egyptian language—Inscriptions. I. Title.

      DT87.5.B8 1991

      932′.01′092—dc20

      CONTENTS

      men

      men

      ten

      ten, the God and Disk of the Sun, its origin, development and decline

      etep IV

      ten

      ten by the King

      i, Overseer of the Horse

      Hymns to the Sun-god

      Egyptian Monotheism

      Index

      ILLUSTRATIONS

      1. PLATES

      etep IV

      men tribute and gifts from vassal peoples

      men to the Temple of Sulb

      etep III

      er and Suti

      etep III

      etep III

      etep IV

      etep IV

      etep IV

      etep IV

      Variegated glass bottle in the form of a fish

      2. ILLUSTRATIONS IN THE TEXT.

      men-Rā, King of the Gods

      menit

      akhuti, Horus of the Two Horizons

      Temu, ancient solar Man-headed god

      men-Rā as his son

      Khnem, Ānqit and Sati, Triad of Elephantine

      etep III in the Temple of Ṣulb

      Hathor of Thebes

      men-Rā

      Khensu, the Moon-god

      npu (Anubis), son of Set and Nephthys

      k, the Crocodile-god

      k

      er-Semsu, Horus the Aged

      er-pa-khart (Harpokrates)

      er-netch-tef-f

      akhuti, War-god of Hermonthis

      Menu Ka-mut-f

      Geb, the Earth-god

      Nut, the Sky-goddess

      , Man-god of Memphis

      Horus and Set, twin gods

      Nephthys, consort of Set

      Shu, god of heat and light

      Tefnut, consort of Shu, goddess of moisture and water

      Osiris, king and judge of the dead

      Isis, consort of Osiris

      mentt

      r, god of the Osirian Resurrection

      ten, source of life

      eqit, a primeval frog-headed goddess

      Thoth, the mind of the Creator

      Maāt, goddess of Law and Truth

      ten

      ten

      etep IV bestowing gifts on courtiers

      ten

      The four grandsons of Horus the Aged, guardians of the viscera of the dead

      etep IV on his portable lion-throne

      etep IV bestowing gifts

      PREFACE

      men in the Valley of the Tombs of the Kings in Western Thebes by the late Lord Carnarvon and Mr. Howard Carter sent a thrill of wonder and expectation through all the civilized peoples on the earth. In the accounts of the contents of the Tomb, which were published with admirable promptness and fullness in The Times, we read of bodies of chariots, chairs of state, gilded couches, royal apparel, boxes of trinkets and food and cosmetics and toilet requisites, large bitumenized wooden statues, alabaster vessels of hitherto unknown shapes and beauty, and countless other objects, until the mind reeled in its attempts to imagine the sight that met the eyes of the two discoverers when they entered the two outer chambers. Those who have seen the smaller objects and have enjoyed the privilege of examining them have been amazed at their exquisite beauty and finish; and there is no doubt that the importance of the find, from an artistic point of view, can be expressed in words only with difficulty. It is easy to believe Sarwat Pasha when he says none of the accounts published have really done justice to the finds, which, however, is not surprising, since their beauty is unique and indescribable (Times, Jan. 18, 1923, p.9).

      men was not King of Egypt when any of them took place. And strange views have been promulgated even about some of the articles of furniture that Lord Carnarvon found in the tomb. Thus the funerary couch or bier with legs made in the form of a strange beast has been declared to be of Mesopotamian origin; but such is not the case. The beast represented is the composite monster called Āmmit, i.e. Eater of the Dead, and she is found in the Judgment Scene in all the great papyri containing the Theban Recension of the Book of the Dead. About her component parts there is no doubt, for in the Papyrus of Hunefer it is written, Her fore-part is crocodile, her hindquarters are hippopotamus, her middle part lion (or cat),

      . The Mesopotamians knew of no such beast, and the couch or bier could only have been made in Egypt, where the existence of Āmmit was believed in and the fear of her was great.

      i, his disciple and successor, at Tall al-‘Amârnah. The language and phrasing of these works are very interesting, for they show a just appreciation of the benefits that man and beast alike derive from the creative and fructifying influence of the heat and light of the sun. But I cannot find in them a single expression that contains any spiritual teaching, or any exhortation to purity of life, or any word of consciousness of sin, or any evidence of belief in a resurrection and a life beyond the grave. It is of course possible that all the religious works of the Atenites, except these hymns, have perished, but the fact remains that it is upon these two hymns, and the extracts from them which are found in the tombs of officials at Tall al-‘Amârnah, that modern writers have founded their views and statements about the highly spiritual character of the religion and morality of the Atenites.

      ten, and deciding whether it was spiritual or material. In the following pages I have tried to carry out his suggestion, and in the circumstances perhaps it will not be out of place to say a few words about his labours in the field of Egyptian Archaeology.

      arî in Western Thebes. In these,

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