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    Margarita Chorné y Salazar, the First Woman in Latin America with a University Degree
    Margarita Chorné y Salazar, the First Woman in Latin America with a University Degree
    Margarita Chorné y Salazar, the First Woman in Latin America with a University Degree
    Ebook90 pages50 minutes

    Margarita Chorné y Salazar, the First Woman in Latin America with a University Degree

    By Martha Diaz de Kuri

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    Martha Diaz de Kuri rescues the biography of Margarita Chorné y Salazar, the first woman in Latin America to get a university diploma. Chorné was ahead of her time. She was the second of 5 bother born to Dentist Agustín Chorné and Paz Salazar in 1864. Following her father's and older brother's steps, she acquired a passion for dentistry (called odontology in those times). After passing her final exam she obtained her dentistry surgeon degree, becoming the first woman in Latin America to posses a degree. She married at 40 and had a son that later made her grandmother with tow daughters. When was always surrounded by the support and care of her loved ones and died at 98 years of age.

    LanguageEnglish
    PublisherDEMAC A.C.
    Release dateMar 24, 2016
    ISBN9781310159381
    Margarita Chorné y Salazar, the First Woman in Latin America with a University Degree
    Author

    Martha Diaz de Kuri

    (México, 1943) es cirujana dentista y licenciada en Historia. Es jefa del Departamento de Historia de la Facultad de Odontología de la UNAM.Ha publicado, entre otros: Historia del Hospital General de México (1994); El nacimiento de una profesión: la odontología en el siglo XIX en México (1994); De Líbano a México: crónica de un pueblo emigrante (con Lourdes Macluf, 1995) y Margarita Chorné y Salazar: la primera mujer titulada en América Latina (1998), por el que recibió el Premio DEMAC de biografía.

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      Book preview

      Margarita Chorné y Salazar, the First Woman in Latin America with a University Degree - Martha Diaz de Kuri

      Margarita Chorné y Salazar

      The First Woman in Latin America with a University Degree

      By Martha Díaz de Kuri

      1997-1998 DEMAC Awards

      Mexico, 2016

      Printed editions, Mexico, 1998, 2000 and 2009.

      First Spanish eBook edition, Mexico, 2015

      First English eBook edition, Mexico, 2016

      Margarita Chorné y Salazar, the first Woman in Latin America with a University Degree, by

      Martha Díaz de Kuri

      © Copyright, First English Edition, Mexico, 2016, by

      Book published for

      Documentación y Estudios de Mujeres, A.C.

      José de Teresa 253, Col. Campestre

      01040, México, D.F.

      Tel. 5663 3745 Fax 5662 5208

      e-mail: demac@demac.org.mx

      http://www.demac.org.mx/

      E-book published by 3Skreen.com for

      Documentación y Estudios de Mujeres, A.C.

      through Smashwords.

      ISBN: 9781310159381

      Translation by Robert A. Hass

      Cover Design

      Retorno Tassier, S.A. de C.V.

      Ebook Publishing

      http://www.3skreen.com/

      concierge@3Skreen.com

      No part of this book may be reproduced, translated or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any storage, information and retrieval system, without permission in

      TABLE OF CONTENTS

      Prologue

      The First One

      Women of the 19th Century

      Maids, Workers, Employees or Seamstresses

      The Panorama Broadens

      The Chorné’s Family

      Little Margarita

      Her Pastimes

      The Dentistry

      The Guild Matures

      The Long-Awaited Day

      Margarita’s Dental Clinic

      Loves and Heartbreaks

      An Epiphany’s Day Present

      The Recognition

      The Difficult Years

      Retirement

      Sources

      Interviews

      Endnotes

      PROLOGUE

      Ten years after the publication of our Margarita Chorné y Salazar’s biography, the personage has taken on greater relevance as instigator of the process incorporating women into Mexico’s professional life. Unintentionally, she became the spearhead of the feminine gender struggle for obtaining professional equity. During the whole 19th century, 133 men and only 3 women obtained their dental surgeon degree. Moreover, Margarita Chorné y Salazar was the first woman who practiced a profession in Latin America (1886). Three years after her, Cleotilde Leonida Castañeda would also graduate, and likewise Mónica Correa in 1896, although their stories have not yet been retrieved.

      Margarita Chorné experienced really significant political and social events. She was born during Maximilian’s emperorship. As most of Mexico City’s wealthy families, the Chornés were in favor of General Porfirio Díaz. Margarita saw with distrust the first years of hostilities. Later, when she married Antonio Dromundo, a lawyer close to the Zapatista movement, Margarita figured out the political process and social changes, and it is said—although we don’t have evidence corroborating it—that as a dentist doctor Chorné took care of President Francisco I. Madero, as well as of several Generals of the Revolution. When she got divorced, and by now lacking her father’s protection, Margarita had to overcome alone the Mexican Revolution subsequent economic crisis, but thanks to her professional career she was able to provide for her son, Baltasar Dromundo Chorné, who would later become one of the ideologists of the student movement that would ultimately achieve the university autonomy.

      Since 1904, when the first dental school was created in our country, the state of affairs began to be more favorable for women wanting to devote themselves to this profession. Clara Rosas—a young woman from Tenosique, Tabasco, who had won a scholarship for obtaining the best average grade of her school—enrolled on the second generation (1907) of this school that over time would become the Faculty of Dentistry of the UNAM¹. Doctor Rosas would become the country’s first female dentistry professor. During the 1920’s, the number of female dentistry students increased, but, as in all the university careers, it remained being very low compared to that of men. Nonetheless, the female gender continued making its way in this profession, and during the 1940’s it already attained slightly more than 30% of the student body.

      During the next decades, the number of female dental students kept on increasing, and during the 1970s, due to the creation of private dental schools and UNAM’s Iztacala and Zaragoza campuses, finally the number of women exceeded that of men. Currently, women’s share fluctuates between 60 and 70% in private and public dentistry schools of Mexico City and the other States of the Republic.

      The female gender, which began its presence in dentistry with Margarita Chorné y Salazar’s degree, has also been increasing its participation in the

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