The Interrelationship of Bias and Conflict: Addressing Bias in Conflict and Dispute Resolution Settings
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About this ebook
This book discusses the interrelationship between bias and conflict and suggests various approaches to avoid or reduce the potentially negative effect of bias in conflict situations. The scope of this book considers four types of bias based on their source, examines four core biases that affect judgment and that are pervasive in conflict situations, and suggests ways of avoiding and reducing bias, including techniques to minimize conflict and ameliorate bias in dispute resolution settings.
John Livingood
John Livingood has substantial experience in executive level management positions and more than thirty years experience in labor-management relations. He is an experienced advocate, neutral, arbitrator, mediator, and hearing officer in both the public and private sectors, including transportation, health care industry, manufacturing, education, etc., handling commercial, employment discrimination, Americans with Disability Act (employment and public accommodations), and labor-management issues.
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The Interrelationship of Bias and Conflict - John Livingood
The Interrelationship of Bias and Conflict
Addressing Bias in Conflict and Dispute Resolution Settings
By John Livingood
©2007 John M. Livingood
This book was originally published as an article, titled Addressing Bias in Conflict and Dispute Resolution Settings, and published in American Arbitration Association’s Dispute Resolution Journal, November 2007 and, later, published in the online Juris’ Dispute Resolution Journal Vol.62, No. 4, 2007.
Table of Contents
Preface
Introduction
Learned Bias
Incident-Driven Bias
Process-Driven Bias
Attributional Bias
Four Core Biases Affecting Judgment in Conflict Situations
Ameliorating Bias
Reframing the Dispute and Strategic Creativity
Education in Communication Techniques
Relationship Building
Developing and Sharing of Information
Perspective Reframing
Policing Communications
Reality Testing
Mediator Evaluations and Proposals
Separating the Parties
Face Saving
Conclusion
Endnotes
About the Author
Other ebooks by Author
Preface
This book is based on the article, Addressing Bias in Conflict and Dispute Resolution Settings
that I wrote and was first published in American Arbitration Association’s Dispute Resolution Journal in 2007 and, later, by the on-line Juris’ Dispute Resolution Journal Vol.62, No. 4, 2007.
I chose this ebook format for publishing in order to give a wider dissemination of the article and have tried to maintain the general formatting as originally published with minor non-substantive alterations to better suit this means of publication.
This article was conceived as a result of a number of years as an advocate in labor-management negations and, later, as a mediation practitioner in resolving work place issues, both in collective bargaining settings and in non-collective bargaining settings. The specific genesis point for the article occurred when I was facilitating, not mediating, a process to reach a collective bargaining agreement. During the process, the labor negotiating team, lead by a seasoned negotiator, had dutifully listened to managements concerns