Trouvez votre prochain book favori
Devenez membre aujourd'hui et lisez gratuitement pendant 30 joursCommencez vos 30 jours gratuitsInformations sur le livre
Databook of Blowing and Auxiliary Agents
Actions du livre
Commencer à lire- Éditeur:
- Elsevier Science
- Sortie:
- Jan 12, 2017
- ISBN:
- 9781927885208
- Format:
- Livre
Description
Databook of Blowing and Auxiliary Agents examines the chemical compounds used in the manufacture of blowing and auxiliary agents, and commercial products, with a range of data sources utilized. Foamed polymers have many beneficial properties, including lower density, high heat and sound insulation, and shock absorbency. Foamed plastic parts are now a ubiquitous part of everyday life—from food packaging to seat cushions.
As the application of foamed polymers expands and diversifies, a variety of foaming techniques and equipment are available to produce a diverse range of products. The methods of foaming are generally established, but very little is known about the composition of materials to be processed and additives to enhance foam products and make foam production more economical.
Over 100 different data fields are provided, from general information such as molecular structure and formula, to physical properties, health and safety information, ecological properties, and recommendations regarding appropriate use and performance of each agent. This databook is an essential resource for engineers, technicians, and materials scientists who need to specify blowing or auxiliary agents. It provides trustworthy and up-to-date data applicable to a range of industries such as construction, automotive, food packaging, and more.
Enables plastics practitioners to more efficiently select the correct foaming or blowing agent for a given application Includes 100 data fields for each agent, including physical properties, health and safety information, ecological properties, and specific usage recommendations Contains data on the most important agents currently in use—both commercial products and the chemical compounds used for manufacture of the agentsInformations sur le livre
Databook of Blowing and Auxiliary Agents
Description
Databook of Blowing and Auxiliary Agents examines the chemical compounds used in the manufacture of blowing and auxiliary agents, and commercial products, with a range of data sources utilized. Foamed polymers have many beneficial properties, including lower density, high heat and sound insulation, and shock absorbency. Foamed plastic parts are now a ubiquitous part of everyday life—from food packaging to seat cushions.
As the application of foamed polymers expands and diversifies, a variety of foaming techniques and equipment are available to produce a diverse range of products. The methods of foaming are generally established, but very little is known about the composition of materials to be processed and additives to enhance foam products and make foam production more economical.
Over 100 different data fields are provided, from general information such as molecular structure and formula, to physical properties, health and safety information, ecological properties, and recommendations regarding appropriate use and performance of each agent. This databook is an essential resource for engineers, technicians, and materials scientists who need to specify blowing or auxiliary agents. It provides trustworthy and up-to-date data applicable to a range of industries such as construction, automotive, food packaging, and more.
Enables plastics practitioners to more efficiently select the correct foaming or blowing agent for a given application Includes 100 data fields for each agent, including physical properties, health and safety information, ecological properties, and specific usage recommendations Contains data on the most important agents currently in use—both commercial products and the chemical compounds used for manufacture of the agents- Éditeur:
- Elsevier Science
- Sortie:
- Jan 12, 2017
- ISBN:
- 9781927885208
- Format:
- Livre
À propos de l'auteur
En rapport avec Databook of Blowing and Auxiliary Agents
Aperçu du livre
Databook of Blowing and Auxiliary Agents - George Wypych
applications.
2
Information on data fields
The fields used in the databook are listed in alphabetical order. The information on data in a particular field includes a glossary of term, unit of measurement, typical methods used to measure quantities available in the databook.
ACID DISSOCIATION CONSTANT
A specific type of equilibrium constant that indicates the extent of dissociation of hydrogen ions from an acid. While strong acids dissociate practically completely in solution and consequently have large acidity constants, weak acids do not fully dissociate and generally have acidity constants far less than 1.
ACID NUMBER
Twenty-five grams of a foaming agent is placed in 125 ml Erlenmeyer flask and 50 ml alcohol is added to dissolve the sample. If the sample is not completely soluble, 50 ml of equal amounts of alcohol and acetone are used. This sample is titrated with 0.01N NaOH or KOH in the presence of bromothymol blue used as an indicator. ISO standard uses a method of titration similar to just described ASTM standard but phenolphthalein is used as an indicator and 0.1 N NaOH is used as a titrating agent. The results are expressed in mg KOH per 1 g of sample.
ACRONYM
Abbreviations of foaming agent names can be found in the standard terminology (ASTM D1600-14 Standard Terminology for Abbreviated Terms Relating to Plastics). ISO standard has a separate section for symbols used for some additives (ISO 1043-2:2011 Plastics – Symbols and abbreviated terms – Part 2: Fillers and reinforcing material). Abbreviations of some foaming agents used in rubber may be given in a separate standard (ISO 6472:2010 Rubber compounding ingredients – Symbols and abbreviated terms). In most cases, abbreviations are created for convenience by manufacturers and users.
ANIMAL TESTING, ACUTE TOXICITY
Acute toxicity describes the adverse effects resulting from a single exposure to a substance. Typical methods of measurement include LD50 which is the amount of a solid or liquid material that is required to kill 50% of test animals in one dose.
AQUATIC TOXICITY
The adverse effects to marine life (aquatic organisms) that result from exposure to a toxic substance. Aquatic toxicity can be expressed as the lethal concentration of a chemical substance in milligrams per liter that caused death to 50% population of aquatic species (LC50) during a time of the experiment (usually 24, 48 or 96 hours).
ASH CONTENT
The ash content equals the weight of the ash divided by the weight of the original sample multiplied by 100%.
ATMOSPHERIC LIFETIME
The atmospheric lifetime of a species measures the time required to restore equilibrium in the atmosphere following a sudden increase or decrease in concentration of the species in question in the atmosphere. The longer the lifetime the higher the global warming potential of species.
AUTOIGNITION TEMPERATURE
The lowest temperature at which a material will ignite and sustain combustion in the absence of a spark or flame. The properties of liquid can be tested by standardized methods (ASTM E659-15 Standard Test Method for Autoignition Temperature of Chemicals). The ignition temperature is the temperature in degrees Centigrade at which the substance shows spontaneous combustion when touching hot bodies.
AVERAGE PARTICLE SIZE
Average particle dimension (usually diameter).
BIOCONCENTRATION FACTOR
It is the ratio of a substance’s concentration in tissue of an aquatic organism to its concentration in the ambient water, in situations where the organism is exposed through the water only and the ratio does not change substantially over time
BIODEGRADATION PROBABILITY
The probability that an organic substance will biodegrade under aerobic conditions. This field includes the general statements regarding biodegradation probability of foaming agents. Experimental data are included in the following fields: Biological Oxygen Demand, Chemical Oxygen Demand, and Theoretical Oxygen Demand.
BIOLOGICAL OXYGEN DEMAND
The biological oxygen demand, BOD, is the mass concentration of dissolved oxygen consumed under specific conditions in a given time (e.g., BOD-5 stands for 5 days test) by the aerobic biological oxidation of a chemical or organic matter in water. BOD is an empirical test, which evaluates the ultimate aerobic biodegradability of organic compounds in water. The following ISO standards can be applied: ISO 10708:1997 Water quality – Evaluation in an aqueous medium of the ultimate aerobic biodegradability of organic compounds – Determination of biochemical oxygen demand in a two-phase closed bottle test and ISO 5815-1:2003 Water quality – Determination of biochemical oxygen demand after n days, BODn.
BOILING POINT
The boiling point is the temperature in degrees Centigrade at which the substance undergoes a transition from the liquid into the gaseous phase under normal pressure. Tapped density is an increased bulk density attained after mechanically tapping a container containing the powder sample.
BLUEGILL SUNFISH
In order to assess bioaccumulation of substance, a test organism such as Bluegill sunfish, Daphnia magna, Fathead minnow, Rainbow trout, or other is selected. The test substance is administered as a suspension directly into the water. A test organism is observed by a specified number of hours. If deleterious effects, due either to toxicity or pathogenicity are observed, sequentially lower doses should be tested. The experiment should establish a LC50 value for a particular substance and a test organism (LC50 is a dose required to kill 50 percent of the test
Avis
Avis
Ce que les gens pensent de Databook of Blowing and Auxiliary Agents
00 évaluations / 0 avis