The Shepherd's View: Modern Photographs From an Ancient Landscape
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About this ebook
James Rebanks
James Rebanks runs a family-owned farm in the Lake District in northern England. A graduate of Oxford University, James works as an expert advisor to UNESCO on sustainable tourism. He uses his popular Twitter feed - @herdyshepherd1 - to share updates on the shepherding year. He is the author of The Shepherd's Life.
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The Shepherd's View - James Rebanks
Setting the Scene
I live and work in the English Lake District, a tiny little chunk of Northwest England just beneath the Scottish border. It doesn’t have the biggest mountains in the world, or the largest lakes, or the most spectacular waterfalls, or even the most amazing creatures, and it isn’t very wild.
But it is one of the most important landscapes on earth, and it became important by an accident of history.
Until the mid-eighteenth century, ours was a surprisingly difficult place to get to. You had to pass over mountains or moorland, or even over the sands of an estuary between tides. So an older way of life survived here, protected by poverty and isolation.
Then, with the growing prosperity of Britain as a trading and industrial nation, new roads in were built, and the old clashed with the new. Suddenly this place became a battleground between the forces of change in the name of progress and other voices that said its valleys, lakes, and small farms should be conserved and protected from industry and development. The world had gotten smaller, and our lands were now just an hour or two north by carriage, and later by train or car, from the birthplace of the industrial revolution, Lancashire. It could all have been swept away, but it wasn’t.
Writers, artists, and thinkers flooded into our landscape and found in it a counterpoint to everything that worried them about the emerging modern world and what William Blake called its dark satanic mills.
For the first time people formulated arguments for conservation, for a public interest in protecting endangered places—arguments that are now familiar to everyone around the world.
The Lake District became over time the most written-about landscape in English literature. Most influential amongst these writers were the poets William Wordsworth and Samuel Taylor Coleridge, but many others came, too. They defined what we think of as beautiful in nature and craft around the world, promoting an eye-pleasing combination of the natural and manmade. A generation or two before that, mountains were thought to be menacing and ugly, but suddenly fashions changed and mountain valleys with pretty lakes were all the rage.
Wordsworth summed up what many of these artists felt when he wrote that this landscape was a sort of national property in which every man has a right and interest who has an eye to perceive and a heart to enjoy.
Those were radical, world-changing words in 1810, the first published call anywhere for something like a national park.
He also described the region as a perfect republic of shepherds,
a place where aristocratic elites had little power over the working people who had secured legal tenure to their land. The people working on the land and shaping it were deemed to matter.
A generation later, other wealthy individuals bought many of the small farms to protect them from change and development. Most famously, Beatrix Potter invested the proceeds from her bestselling children’s books about Peter Rabbit and his friends in this way.
Potter and other benefactors left these farms and their hefted flocks of fell sheep (hefted
means sheep being tied to a part of the mountain or moorland by a sense of belonging taught by their mothers, despite the mountains being unfenced common land
) to the National Trust to be protected and sustained for the good of the nation.
So this is a national park, but not the kind that an American might recognize. Unlike Yellowstone or Yosemite, it isn’t a wilderness, and it doesn’t belong to the government. It has instead a complicated and messy English tapestry of