Black Monday: A crash that shook the financial world
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About this ebook
On 19 October 1987, a number of factors came together to cause an unexpected drop in share prices on the New York Stock Exchange, with the Dow Jones ultimately losing 22.6% of its value in the course of a single day. This was the largest drop in the index’s long history, but fortunately the real economy emerged relatively unscathed from the crash and a crisis of the magnitude of the 1929 Wall Street Crash was averted.
In 50 minutes you will be able to:
• Identify the reasons for the sudden loss of share value on 19 October 1987
• Find out about the crash’s impact on stock markets around the world
• Understand the decisive action taken to prevent the crisis from worsening
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Black Monday - 50minutes
A crash that shook the financial world
When: 19 October 1987.
Where: the New York Stock Exchange.
Context: against a backdrop of rampant speculation, the unexpected announcement of the US trade deficit seriously worried investors and drove share prices down.
Key protagonists:
Ronald Reagan (1911-2004), 40th President of the United States, 1981-1989. When Reagan came into office in January 1981, he embarked on a programme of tax reduction in order to stimulate economic growth. As a result, stock markets around the world rose constantly during his presidency.
Paul Volcker (born in 1927), American economist and Chairman of the Federal Reserve from 1979 to 1987. He countered inflation by raising exchange rates on the Federal Reserve.
Alan Greenspan (born in 1926), American economist and Chairman of the Federal Reserve from 1987 to 2006. He supported banks during the darkest days of the 1987 crisis by supplying liquidity.
Key terms:
Dow Jones: the Dow Jones was created in 1885 and is the second-oldest stock exchange index in the United States. Even though it only lists 30 companies, it is a key reference point for the New York Stock Exchange.
Trading: the buying or selling of shares on the financial markets, carried out by financial operators known as traders.
Speculation: