The World of Your Ancestors - Dates - 1800 - 1899: 2 of 6, #2

BOOK MAP

Front Cover Photo is the Author’s Family.

INTRODUCTION

THE 1800’s OR 19th CENTURY

1810

1820

1830

1840

1850

1860

1870

1880

1890

ABOUT THE AUTHOR

INTRODUCTION

In Volume Two of this six part series, the author presents bits and pieces on a variety of topic areas.  She has tried to be as accurate as possible but sources do show contradicting data.  This data in no way intends to contain anything but a mini glimpse into the past.

What was happening in the 1800’s that complicated your ancestor’s lives?  What books and newspapers did they read?  What sports were played?  Choose a day or year and see what happened.  Here is your chance to take this peek into the past.  You can do further reading or research on anything that interests you.  The diversity of data gives readers a more complete picture of what the world was really like.

Readers will find by reviewing the information presented how very different life was yet see some basic influencing factors that remain the same.  So let us go back in time.... famous people, prices, sports, music, movies, books and more.

THE 1800’S OR 19th CENTURY

1800’s

Nounours, bear characters, appear in French comics and newspapers.

There are over 14,000 different apple varieties grown in the U.S.

1800-1801

Hudson Bay Company has Chesterfield House at mouth of Red Deer where Clearwater and North Saskatchewan Rivers meet in Canada.

1800-1873

William Holmes McGuffey, book editor’s lifetime.

1800-1885

Timothy B. Arthur, novelist who wrote hundreds of books, lifetime.

1800-6/1885

More than one-half million people have crossed Ural Mountains to reach Russian prisons.

1800-1900

Almanacs were printed and read by many people.

Waffles are sold by vendors on streets with butter or molasses or maple syrup.

1800

A good clock cost eighty percent of a man’s annual salary.

Battery is in use.

Children’s doll houses become less rare.

Iron printing press in use in England.

Land Act of 1796 in U.S. is revised and involves purchase of 640 acres at a minimum of $2.00 per acre, but now is one quarter in cash, one quarter in 40 days, one quarter within two years and one quarter within four years.

Peace treaty is signed between France and U.S.

Philadelphia Repository and Weekly Register magazine debuts and is printed until 1806.

Rhode Island has a system of free schools.

U.S. Capital is moved from Philadelphia to Washington.

U.S. farmers worked 344 hours to raise 100 bushels of corn.  (In 1910 hours decreased to 147 hours).

U.S. has 25 colleges.

U.S. has 903 post offices.

U.S. Land Act passes allowing frontier land of 320 acres to be bought for $160.00.

1800 POPULATION

Berlin, Germany’s population is 173,000.

Europe’s populations is 187,693,000

U.S.’s population is 5,308,483 and 18.9 percent are Negro.  Another source has 5,319,761.

Women’s average lifespan was about 36 years old.

1800 FIRST MADE AND FIRST USED

First telegraph line is installed in Massachusetts from Martha’s Vineyard to Boston.

Machine cut nails first are made for the firs time.

1800 FAMOUS PEOPLE

Alessandro Volta invents first chemical type battery.  He was born in 1745 and died in 1827.

Alexander von Humboldt, German naturalist, conducts first scientific study of the Orinoco River in Columbia and Venezuela in South America.  He was born in 1769 and collected 60,000 botanical specimens, (identified 3,500 species) before he died in 1859.

Captain Lord Cochran, son of a Scottish Earl, in a very small brig terrorizes Mediterranean coast of Spain capturing 50 ships, 122 guns and 534 prisoners conducting most single ship encounters in navy history.

Lord Thomas Barrington Maculay, scholar and debater, was born in Leicestershire, England.

Napoleon Bonaparte secretly forces Spain to return Louisiana to France.

1800 MUSIC

Barbara Allen, a traditional Scottish-English ballad, is still popular.

1800 BOOKS

Aristotle’s Masterpiece by anonymous.  Men’s sex book originally written n the 1600’s, sixteen editions were printed from 1800 to 1831.

The Life and Memorable Actions of George Washington by Mason Weems.  It had 86 printings from 1800 to 1927.

Treatise on Menbranes by Xavier Bichat is published.

1/7/1800-3/8/1874

Millard Fillmore, 13th U.S. President’s lifetime.  He was born in Summerhill, New York.

4/24/1800

U.S.’s Library of Congress is established with $5,000 fund and Thomas Jefferson’s entire library collection.

5/1800

Napoleon Bonaparte’s second campaign into Italy starts as he crosses St.  Bernard Pass.

5/9/1800-12/2/1859

John Brown, abolitionist’s lifetime.  He was born in Torrington, Connecticut and was convicted of murder at Harper’s Ferry and executed in Charleston, South Carolina.

6/14/1800

Battle of Marengo occurs and about 7,000 Austrians are killed or wounded and another 7,000 troops taken prisoner.

9/5/1800

British recapture Malta seized by the French in 1798.

9/16/1800

Denmark, Prussia, Sweden and Russia for anti-British League of Armed Neutrality.

9/23/1800-5/4/1873

William Holmes McGuffey, publisher of McGuffey Reader’s lifetime.  He was born near Claysville, Pennsylvania and died in Charlottesville, Virginia.

10/1800

Floods occur in St. Domingo in the Dominican Republic killing 1,400 people.

10/1/1800

Spain cedes Louisiana to France in a secret treaty.

10/3/1800-1/17/1891

George Bancroft, teacher, historian, Secretary of War during War with Mexico and Texas’, lifetime.  He was born in Massachusetts and died in Washington, D.C.

11/17/1800

U.S. Congress hold its first session in unfinished Capitol in Washington, D.C.

12/25/1800

Austria makes peace with France once again.

12/29/1800-7/1/1860

Charles Goodyear, discovered vulcanization (rubber)’s lifetime.  He was born in New Haven, Connecticut and died in New York City, New York with $200,000 in debt.

Early 1800’s

Dolls that could say mama and papa are invented.

Gingerbread recipes are similar to current recipes.

Gingerbread houses gain popularity

Sleigh bells, the rundjingle bell kind, are in use.

Veuve Cicquot Champagne was being shipped via ship to or from Finland.  (In 2010 it was found offshore and found to be taste fantastic by divers).

1801-1802

Lighthouses are built in the Cape Canso, Nova Scotia and Sable Island areas.  (As of 1971 one hundred eighty seven sailing ships and 20 steamships are wrecked off Sable Island).

1801-1803

U.S. economic depression.

1801-1809

During Thomas Jefferson’s eight years as U.S. President he signs four Executive Orders.  (His vice presidents are Aaron Burr and George Clinton.

1801-1811

Cotton production in South Carolina doubled.  In 1811 production was 40  million pounds.

1801

Distinct of Columbia is established.

Gas lighting is in use.  By 1807 London, England has gas street lights and by 1839 Boston, Massachusetts has 180 gaslights.

Port Folio, an eight page weekly magazine debuts and is printed until 1827.

Repeal of act imposing internal duties due to whiskey insurrection in Western Pennsylvania in 1794.

Tripoli declares war against the U.S.

University of South Carolina opens.

1801 POPULATION

U.S. population = 5.3 million.

1801 FAMOUS PEOPLE

Aaron Burr is elected U.S. Vice President and serves two terms.

Benjamin Henry Latrobe constructs a water supply system for Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (first in U.S.).

John Adams, outgoing U.S. President, refused to attend inauguration of incoming president, Thomas Jefferson. (It is the first to take place in Washington, D.C.)

John Chapman (Johnny Appleseed) spreads seeds in Ohio, Indiana and Illinois.

George Eacker, lawyer, kills Philip Hamilton (son of Alexander Hamilton) in a duel.

Napoleon Bonaparte re-establishes relations with Pope and restores Roman Catholic religion to France.

Richard Trevithick in England made first steam coach used for road travel.

Thomas Germain makes improves on endless track laying machines.

Thomas Jefferson is elected third U.S. President and serves two terms.

1801 FIRST MADE AND FIRST USED

Jacquard loom first used in France.

1801 BOOKS

Little Prattle Over A Book of Prints (child’s book)

The Wild Irish Girl by Lady Morgan.

1/30/1801-5/23/1873

Pierre Jean De Smet, Jesuit missionary’s lifetime.  He was born in Dendermonde (Termonde), Belgium, emigrated to U.S. in 1821, worked in American West and died in St. Louis, Missouri.

2/9/1801

Peace of Luneville forces Austria to end war with France and defines French borders to be Alps, Pyrenees and the Rhine.

3/4/1801

Aaron Burr is Vice President of U.S.

Thomas Jefferson is inaugurated as U.S. President.

3/15/1801-7/23/1882

George Perkins Marsh, author, diplomat and linguist’s lifetime.  He was born in Woodstock, Vermont and died in Vallombrosa, Italy.

3/23/1801

Paul I, Russian tsar is assassinated and Alexander I will succeed him.

4/2/1801

Battle of Copenhagen occurs when Admiral Horatio Nelson’s British Royal Navy destroys Danish fleet.

6/1/1801-8/29/1877

Brigham Young, Mormon leader’s lifetime.  He was born in Whitingham, Vermont and took over when founder Joseph Smith was murdered in Nauvoo, Illinois.  He had 27 wives and 47 children and left 2 ½ million dollars when he died in Salt Lake City, Utah.

6/10/1801

Tripoli in North Africa declares war on U.S. due to a dispute about sea travel.

6/14/1801

Benedict Arnold, Revolutionary War traitor, dies in London, England at 60.

7/5/1801-8/14/1870

David Glasgow Farragut, U.S. naval officer’s lifetime.  He was born near Knoxville, Tennessee, in 1866 the rank of admiral was created for him and he died while visiting the naval yard at Portsmouth, New Jersey.

8/31/1801

Remaining French in Egypt surrender to British.

11/8/1801-6/24/1877

Robert Dale Owen, author, public official and social reformer’s lifetime.  He was born in Glasgow, Scotland.  He believed in freeing Negroes and created laws to protect property rights of married women and liberalized divorce laws.  He died in his home on Lake George, New York.

11/9/1901-1/11/1874

Gail Borden, inventor of condensed juice and milk’s lifetime.  He was born in Norwich, New York.

12/31/1801

Oliver Evans manufactures steam engines in a flourmill converted to steam power.

1802-12/12/1804

Peace until Europe until Napoleon and Spain fight the British.

1802-1820’s

Tlingit Natives fight Russian occupation.

1802-1878

Richard Upjohn, instrumental in setting up the American Institute of Architects and was its first president, lifetime.

1802

Boston Weekly Magazine debuts and is printed until 1806.

Chili powder is use.

First Roman Catholic service held since 1793 occurs in France.

Flooding causes damage when River Liffey overflows in Dublin, Ireland.

Flooding in Lorca, commune of Murcia, Spain causes property damage.

Freight and stagecoach service from Boston, Massachusetts and Savannah, Georgia (1,200 miles)  took 22 days averaging about 53 miles each day.  Taverns a long the way provided food and sleeping accommodations.

Louisiana is ceded to France by Spain.

Magazines include Boston Weekly Magazine (until 1806).

Planing machine is in use.

Russians acquire Georgia.

U.S. federal law outlaws selling liquor to Native American Indians.

Ventriloquism is being performed.

West Virginia is first settled by Americans.

Yellow fever occurs in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.

1802 FAMOUS PEOPLE

Johann Wilhelm Ritter, born in 1776, develops dry cell battery.  He dies in 1810.

William Symington built and sailed the world’s first steam driven craft on River Clyde in Scotland.

1802 INVENTIONS AND INTRODUCTIONS

Cast iron, even-heating range with flue, is introduced.

Gas stove is developed.

1802 FIRST MADE AND FIRST USED

Britain produces first photographs that were perfect in 1841.

The Good Will Fire Company of Philadelphia buys a Lyon fire engine (built by Pat Lyon a blacksmith) and hitch it up to a horse and becomes first horse drawn apparatus in U.S.

1802 BOOKS

New American Practical Navigator by Nathaniel Bowditch.

––––––––

Alexandre Dumas, novelist, is born.  He died in 1870.

1/22/1802-8/17/1878

Richard Upjohn, architect’s lifetime.  He was born in Shaftesbury, England and designed chapels, churches, homes and public buildings.  He died in Garrison, New York.

1/26/1802

U.S. Congress establishes a library within the U.S. Capitol.

2/26/1802-5/22/1885

Victor Marie Hugo, poet and novelist’s lifetime.  He was born in Besacon, France and died in Parish, France.

3/16/1802

Congress authorizes the establishment of a military academy at West Point, New York.

3/27/1802

Peace of Amiens occurs and Britain loses all except Ceylon and Trinidad.  Malta  was to be evacuated by British but was not.

4/1802

Ohio becomes a state and has 72,000 people.

4/2/1802

League of Armed Neutrality is dissolved when Russia’s Alexander I seeks peace.

4/4/1802-7/17/1887

Dorothea Lynde Dix, nurse working with mentally ill’s lifetime.  She was born in Hampden, Maine and died in a hospital she founded in Trenton, New Jersey.

5/3/1802

Washington is incorporated as a city.

5/5/1802-10/28/1870

Ceran de Hault de Lassus de St. Vrain, fur trader and merchant’s lifetime.  He was born near St. Louis, Missouri.  His company in Taos area was second in size to Jacob Astor’s American Fur Company.  He died at New Mexico.

7/4/1802

U.S. Military Academy opens in West Point, New York.

7/9/1802-7/6/1851

Thomas Davenport, inventor’s lifetime.  He was born in Williamstown, Vermont, developed electric motors and electric trolley car and died in Salisbury, Vermont.

1803-1804

War with the Barbary States occurs.

1803-1870

Samuel Augustus Maverick, cattle rancher of 385,000 acres and official’s lifetime.  He was born in South Carolina and died in Texas.

1803-1880

John Augustus Sutter, 1848 gold strike on his California property, lifetime.

1803

England and France are at war.

Fort Simpson in Yukon Canada is built.

Life preserver is in use.

Ohio becomes 17th U.S. state.  Statehood date is controversial.

Steam is used to run looms.

Steel pen is in use.

The first English steeplechase at Nacton in Suffolk is played by young foxhunt players.

1803 FAMOUS PEOPLE

Charles Wilson Peale employed by the State House (Independence Hall) in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania is charging eights cents to create a souvenir silhouette/shadow profiles.  Once completed after a series of folds and cutting four copies are created.

Franz II of Austria issues a new penal code.

Pat Lyon builds U.S.’s first hose wagon for the Philadelphia Hose Company No.1 (fire prevention).

Sam Homfray invents first train, a stem powered vehicle.

1803 INVENTIONS AND INTRODUCTIONS

Coffee pot is invented.

Ice box is introduced.

2/15/1803-6/18/1880

John Augustus Sutter, fur trader and California pioneer’s lifetime.  He was born at Kandern in the Grand Duchy of Baden (Germany).  He received a Mexican land grant for 50,000-acre tract and developed a ranch with 4,200 cattle, 2,000 horses and 2,000 sheep.  One of his employees found gold starting a gold rush in 1849.  He died in Washington, D.C.

4/30/1803

Louisiana Territory is purchased for $15 million from France.  It is divided into Territory of New Orleans and the District of Louisiana with a mixed population of about 85,000 and 40,000 slaves.  (U.S. plans to move Eastern Indian tribes to beyond the Mississippi).

5/25/1803-4/27/1882

Ralph Waldo Emerson, author and poet, is born in Boston, Massachusetts.  He was born in Boston, Massachusetts and died in Concord, Massachusetts.

7/31/1803-3/8/1889

John Ericsson, engineer, inventor and helped design ironclad Monitor ship launched in 1862’s lifetime.  He was born in Varmland County, Sweden, designed ship propulsion devices like screw propeller and died in New York City, New York.

9/13/1803

Commodore John Barry, father of the U.S. Navy, dies in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania at age 58.

9/27/1803-6/23/1865

Samuel Francis Du Pont, U.S. naval officer’s, lifetime.  He was born in Bergen Point, New Jersey, sailed in Chinese, European and South American waters and died in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.

10/3/1803-6/16/1855

John Gorrie, physician, politician and inventor’s lifetime.  He was born in Charleston, South Carolina, worked with cooling refrigeration and died in Apalachicola, Florida.

10/12/1803-4/10/1876

Alexander Turney Stewart, merchant and philanthropist’s lifetime.  He was born of Scottish parents in Lisburn, County Antrim, Ireland.  He owned the largest wholesale and retail dry good business in New York City.  He died in New York City, New York.

10/20/1803

U.S. Senate ratified Louisiana Purchase paying France $15 million for the land or less than three cents per 100 acres.  It adds 828,000 square miles / 529,920,000 acres to the U.S.

1804-?1850

James Ohio Pattie, frontiersman’s lifetime.  He was born in Bracken County, Kentucky and  helped vaccinate about 20,000 people for smallpox in California.  He disappeared the winter of 1850 in the Sierra Nevada.

1804-1857

Daniele Manen’s lifetime.  In 1848 he led a revolt against Austrian rules, which lead to a united, democratic Italy.

1804-1864

Nathaniel Hawthorn, author of prose’s lifetime.  He was born in Salem, Massachusetts.

1804-1881

Jim Bridger, scout, trapper and trader’s lifetime.

1804-1888

Mary Howitt, British children’s author and translator’s lifetime.

1804-1892

Richard Owen, worked with comparative antimony’s lifetime.

1804

Bulgaria is acquired by the Russians.

Canada’s first lighthouse on Great Lakes is built at mouth of the Niagara River.

Early lighthouses used oil lamps until about 1885.

Fort Dearborn, a log fort is built by U.S. government in what will become Chicago, Illinois.

Franciscan Mission, Santa Ines Virgen y Martir is built in California.  (The last two built are San Rafael Arcangel in 1817 and San Francisco Solano in 1823).

Gales (hurricanes) occur along U.S. east coast causing damage.

Ohio University opens.

Paris, France has over 500 restaurants.

Philadelphia Medical Museum magazine debuts and is printed until 1811.

Russians acquire Mingrelia. 

Stage travel from Philadelphia to Shippensberg, Pennsylvania took six to seven days and costs $20 per passenger including 20 lbs. of luggage.  Additional luggage costs $12 per 100 lbs. Daily stages started about 3 a.m. and traveled 40 to 50 miles in eighteen hours.

Treaty with the Delawares (Native American Indians) occurs.

Turk peasant insurrection occurs.

1804 FAMOUS PEOPLE

Bolton, an American, has a patent for a four-wheeled manually operated vehicle with a more sophisticated gear that was later used in bicycles.

Franz II took steps to protect Habsburg interests and took title an Emperor of Austria.

George Cayley flies a model glider very similar to modern ones and in 1809 designs an unmanned, full-sized glider.

Meriwether Lewis (1774-1809) and Clark start their exploration of the American West.  They find no evidence of Welsh language among the Mandan Indians.

Oliver Evans develops a steam powered river dredge that steered over land and maneuvered into water under its own power.

Simon Fraser establishes Fort McLeod in Western Canada.

1804 BOOKS

Original Poems for Infant Minds by Ann Taylor (1782-1866) and Jane Taylor (1783-1824). They published two more volumes of poetry.

2/3/1804

Lieutenant Stephen Decatur and 76 men kill Tripolitans in the harbor of Tripoli.

2/7/1804-5/17/1886

John Deere, inventor of plow and other farm equipment’s lifetime.  He was born in Rutland, Vermont and died in Moline, Illinois.

2/16/1804

Lieutenant Stephen Decatur raid occurs in Tripoli Harbor and the U.S. Navy frigate Philadelphia is burned by pirates.

2/17/1804-10/17/1879

Uriah Atherton Boyden, engineer and inventor’s lifetime.  He was born in Foxboro, Massachusetts, worked with watermill for textile mills and died in Boston, Massachusetts.

3/8/1804-6/9/1897

Alvan Clark, astronomer who discovered the companion of the white dwarf star Sirius, lens maker’s lifetime.  He was born in Ashfield, Massachusetts and died in Cambridge, Massachusetts.

3/17/1804-7/17/1881

James (Jim) Bridger, trapper, scout and founder of Fort Bridger and the Oregon Trail’s lifetime.  He was born in Richmond, Virginia and died on his farm near Kansas City, Missouri.

3/26/1804

Louisiana Purchase is split into to pieces, Territory of New Orleans and District of Louisiana.

5/14/1804

Lewis and Clark expedition officially leave Camp Dubois to explore the frontier  returning on 9/24/1806.  It will help open Western lands to future White settlement.

5/18/1804

Napoleon Bonaparte is appointed emperor by French Senate.

6/6/1804-11/29/1878

Louis Antoine Godey, publisher’s lifetime.  He was born in New York City, New York and died in his home in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.

SUMMER 1804

First stage service (at first without springs) across the Appalachian Mountains is established and also carried mail.  It started in Philadelphia and ended in Pittsburgh with once a week service that increased to twice a week.  It took six to seven days costing $20 per passenger with 20 lbs. of baggage.  Twelve dollars per 100 lbs. was charged for overages.  Another stage passenger line connects Baltimore, Maryland to this line.  (In 1805 the line when to Wheeling and in 1808 finally succeeded in reaching Frankford, Kentucky.  No additional routes were completed until after the War of 1812

7/4/1804-5/19/1864

Nathaniel Hawthorn, author’s lifetime.  He was born in Salem, Massachusetts and died in Plymouth, New Hampshire.

7/11/1804

Aaron Burr, U.S. President, kills Alexander Hamilton (former Treasury Secretary) in a duel at Weehawken, New Jersey.

Brown University in Rhode Island is established.

10/5/1804-12/24/1877

Robert Parker Parrott, inventor and manufacturer’s lifetime.  He was born in Lee, New Hampshire.  He worked in charcoal, pig iron and  rifled cannon.  He died in Cold Spring, New York.

11/3/1804

Fox and Sauk Native American Indians sign treaty with American surrendering all their lands east of the Mississippi River.  However, it is not until after the War of 1812 that settlers actually move unto these lands.

11/23/1804-10/8/1869

Franklin Pierce, 14th U.S. President’s lifetime.  He was born in Hillsboro, New Hampshire.

12/2/1804

Napoleon Bonaparte crowned emperor of France at Notre-Dame in Paris.

12/12/1804

Spain declares war on Britain.

12/31/1804

New York, New York has 42 boardinghouses and taverns, four each of coffeehouses, oyster houses and tea gardens along with two victualing houses and a cookshop.

1805-1823

More than 12,000 flatboats arrive in New Orleans, Louisiana.

1805

Earliest known trade gun with a dated lock plate was made by Thomas Barnett & Sons in London, England.

Fulper Pottery is founded in Flemington, New Jersey.  (It later becomes Stangl Pottery who produced Audubon bird pieces).

Lady’s Weekly Miscellany magazine debuts and is printed until 1808.

The Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts is founded.

War again against France and Austria was swiftly defeated both times.  Austria gains Salzburg area.

1805 FAMOUS PEOPLE

Frederico Zervan, doctor, was in charge of the military infirmary in the Alamo at San Antonio, Texas.

George Clinton is Vice President of U.S. and dies 4/12/1811.

Madeleine Sophie Blanchard makes her first solo in a balloon.  (She later toured Europe but died during an aerial fireworks display in 1819).

Oliver Evans develops refrigerator.

Robert Fulton develops submarine.

Thomas Jefferson begins his second term as U.S. President.

1805 BOOKS

Shewing the Evil Tendency of the Use of Tobacco by Benjamin Waterhouse.

1/11/1805

Michigan Territory in America is created.

2/20/1805-10/26/1879

Angelina Emily, social reformer’s lifetime. She fought for anti-slavery and women’s rights.

2/21/1805-11/13/1868

David Todd’s lifetime.  He was born near Youngstown, Ohio, a minister to Brazil in 1847-1851, Ohio governor in 1862-1864.

4/2/1805-8/4/1875

Hans Christian Andersen, Denmark author’s lifetime.  He wrote over 160 fairy tales and his work  was translated into more than 125 languages.

4/27/1805

U.S. Marines and mercenaries capture Derna on the shores of Tripoli during First Barbary War.

6/3/1805

The Pasha of Tripoli concludes peace terms between Tripoli and U.S.

10/21/1805

Britain’s Horatio Nelson defeats French (18 ships commanded by Admiral Villeneuve) and Spanish (15 ships commanded by Gravina) but is killed in the Battle of Trafalgar.  British second in command is Admiral Collingwood.  Other British are Captain Adair and Captain Hardy.  British damage or destroy 23 French and Spanish battleships and kill or wound 4,500 and 20,000 taken prisoner.  Only 449 British are killed or wounded.

10/23/1805-5/26/1886

John Russell Bartlett, bibliographer’s lifetime.  He was born in Providence, Rhode Island and died in New York City, New York.

11/1/1805

First theological seminary opens in U.S. at Greenville, Pennsylvania.

11/16/1805

Pushmataha, Choctaw Indian, signs peace treaties with Americans.

12/2/1805

Battle of Austerlitz occurs when Austrian and Russian armies meet French Napoleon Bonaparte’s men.  French had 9,000 dead or wounded while Austrian and Russian had 13,000 dead or wounded and another 12,000 taken prisoner.

12/5/1805-9/2/1856

Michel Branamour Menard, trader with Delaware and Shawnee and Texas pioneer’s lifetime.  He was born at Laprairie, Quebec, Canada and first owner of six square miles of land on the east end of Galveston Island (before town built).  He died at his home in Galveston, Menard County, Texas. (County named after him in 1858).

12/12/1805-12/10/1878

Henry Wells, express company executive’s lifetime.  He was born in Thetford, Vermont and when his companies merge to form American Express Company he becomes the first president.  He was Wells of Wells, Fargo & Company and   died in Glasgow, Scotland.

12/23/1805-6/27/1844

Joseph Smith, founder of Church of Jesus Christ of Later day Saints, lifetime.  He was born in Sharon, Vermont and was killed along with his brother Hyrum in Carthage, Illinois.

1806-1807

John Guest from Lancaster, Pennsylvania has a rifle contract with the Office of Indian Trade.

1806-1808

Frederick Goetz from Philadelphia, Pennsylvania has a rifle contract with the Office of Indian Trade.

1806-1812

Wallachia is ruled by Russians once again.

1806-1815

Yellow fever started in Massachusetts and spreads.

1806

Britain continues to search U.S. vessels for suspected British navy deserters.  American seamen are being forced into British service.

Children at San Antonio de Bexar (Texas) are being vaccinated for smallpox.

Christina’s Magazine debuts and is printed until 1811.

Fort St. James in Western Canada is built.

Freight service was by owners or hired men.  Early on German were often drivers and got $8 to $20 per month.  The trip from Philadelphia to Pittsburg, 297 miles, took about 3 weeks.  Charges were about $5 per 100 lbs.

Gaslight is used.

Pittsburg, Pennsylvania newspaper started rules of coach travel....men getting in first with all their luggage and blowing smoke in face of fellow passengers.  Food and liquor enroute was cheap.  Farmers and other landowners had well built sleighs extending season before winter. 

The word ‘cocktail’ is first seen in print.

U.S. Office of Superintendent of Indian Trade is established to oversee federal Indian trading houses.

1806 FAMOUS PEOPLE

Aaron Burr organizes a secret military expedition in hopes of establishing an independent nation.  A year later he is arrested but is acquitted.

Andrew Jackson, although wounded, kills Charles Dickinson, a lawyer, in a duel.

Benito Juarez, Mexican liberator and president, is born.  He died in 1872.

John Stuart Mill, writer on economics, ethics, logic, philosophy and political science is born.  He died in 1873.

Norbert Rillieux, son of an inventor, and inventor, was born in New Orleans, Louisiana.

William Crawford, U.S. Senator wrist is shattered by a gunshot wound in a duel with General John Clark.

1806 PRICES

Turkey in California costs from 20 to 23 cents a lb.

3/6/1806-1861

Elizabeth Barrett Browning, poet’s lifetime.  She was born in Durham, England.

3/23/1806

Lewis and Clark expedition reach the Pacific coast.

3/29/1806

U.S. President Thomas Jefferson signs act to regulate the laying out and making of a road from Cumberland, Maryland to the state of Ohio appropriating $30,000.  (The first ten miles was completed in 1811.  Another section was finished by 1817 and its officially opening held in 1818).

4/10/1806

Horatio Gates, American Revolutionary War soldier, born around 1727, dies in Manhattan Island, New York.

5/6/1806-9/29/1860

Chapin Aaron Harris, author and dentist’s lifetime.  He was born in Pompey, Onondaga County New York and died in Baltimore, Maryland.

6/12/1806-7/22/1869

John Augustus Roebling, engineer’s lifetime.  He was born in Muhlhausen, Germany and developed machinery to make twisted wire cable (replacing hemp ropes) in hoisting canal boats onto barges.  His factory was first to make in U.S. He designed suspension bridges, double roadway railroad and vehicular in Niagara Falls, over Ohio River in Cincinnati).  He had a minor accident but died from tetanus while constructing the Brooklyn Bridge in New York.

6/16/1806

Total solar eclipse occurs.

8/6/1806

Holy Roman Empires ends when Emperor Francis abdicates.

9/23/1806

Lewis and Clark are back to St. Louis after over two years traveling to the Pacific Ocean and back.

11/15/1806

Zebulon Pike travels west and first sees 14,110 foot mountain in Colorado that is later named Pike’s Peak.

11/31/1806-7/9/1887

Charles Merriam, publisher’s lifetime.  He was born in West Brookfield, Massachusetts and best known for his connection with Merriam-Webster dictionary.  He died in Springfield, Massachusetts.

12/3/1806-9/12/1876

Henry Alexander Wise’s lifetime.  He was born in Virginia.  He is a member of U.S. House of Representatives, minister to Brazil, governor of Virginia in 1856-1860 and Confederate officer.

12/31/1806

James Monroe and William Pinkney negotiated a treaty in London, England but U.S. President Thomas Jefferson rejects it because England wants to continue its policy to impress American sailors.

1807 - 1813

Missouri Fur Company builds Fort Remon to trade with Crow Native American Indians where Yellowstone and Bighorn River meet in Montana. 

1807-1882

Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, author of poetry and verse, lifetime.  He was born in Portland, Maine.

1807-1892

John Greenleaf Whittier, poet’s lifetime.  He was born in Massachusetts and dies in Hampton Falls, New York.

1807

Britain had less than 5,000 hospital beds.

Britain outlaws slavery.

Comet seen over U.S.

Dolls with wire eyed sleeping eyes are made.  An exterior wire controlled the eyes.

Fort George (now part of Prince George) in Western Canada is built.

Freed slaves in the Bahamas get the right to vote.

London Female Penitentiary opens in Great Britain with 2,717 admitted from the 6,939 applicants.

Paris, France had over 37,000 hospital beds.

Soda water used in Philadelphia by Townsend Speakman.

U.S. has 17 states.

Wales gets a railroad between Swansea and the Mumbles.

1807 POPULATION

U.S. population is 6,660,000.

1807 FAMOUS PEOPLE

Alexander J. Forsyth, Scottish preacher, patents the first percussion type firearm.

Charles Larpenteur, fur trader on the Upper Missouri for 40 years, is born in France.

Eli Terrymouth, Connecticut about this time built a factory make wooden clocks.  (The company continued until the 1840’s).

Manuel Lisa, Spanish merchant, explores the Missouri and the Yellowstone as far as the mouth of Big Horn River where he builds Fort Manuel.

Robert Fulton designed the first commercial steamboat, Clermont.  It ran 150 miles from New to Albany in 32 hours and returned in 30 hours.

Sir William Congreve’s improved metal cased rockets are used by British soldiers to ignite buildings including homes.

Thomas Jefferson is President of U.S.

1807 INVENTIONS AND INTRODUCTIONS

Alexander Forsyth patents the use of fulminating salts to fire gun power.

1807 BOOKS

Salmagundi: Or the Whim-Whams and Opinions of Launcelot Langstaff, Esq. and Others by Washington Irving.

Tales from Shakespeare by Charles Lamb and his sister Mary.

The Butterfly’s Ball by William Roscoe was a poem written for his son’s birthday.

1/19/1807-10/12/1870

Robert Edward Lee, Confederate leader’s lifetime.  He born in Stratsford (Westmoreland County), Virginia and died in Lexington, Virginia.

2/27/1807-3/24/1882

Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, poet’s lifetime.  He was born in Portland, Maine.  His poetry books were also popular in Europe and he died in Cambridge, Massachusetts.

6/22/1807

British frigate Leopard fires upon U.S. Chesapeake killing three men and wounding 18 after U.S. refuses to let British board to look for deserters.  (In 1811 Britain will say it was unauthorized and promise aid to family killed).

7/1807

U.S. issues Proclamation ordering all British armed vessels to leave U.S. waters.

8/1807

Horseback road travel from Erie to Waterford, Pennsylvania was filled with mud and mire.  Baggage carried on poorly constructed wagons was hauled by oxen arriving a day later.  Tree routes upset wagons and overloaded ferries overturned coaches.

8/15/1807-9/19/1891

Jules Grevy, 2nd French President of Republic’s, lifetime.

9/25/1807-1/18/1859

Alfred Lewis Vail, telegraphy pioneer and manufacturer’s lifetime.  He was born  and died in Morristown, New Jersey.  He worked with Samuel F.B. Morse.

10/27/1807

Treaty of Fontainbleu is signed when France and Spain make an alliance against Portugal.

11/11/1807

Britain issues order forbidding neutral nations to trade with France unless if they pay Britain a tribute.  On 12/17 France forbids all trade with Britain and her colonies.

12/1/1807

French army has control of Portugal.

12/17/1807-9/7/1892

John Greenleaf Whittier, abolitionist, author and poet’s lifetime.  He was born near Haverhill, Massachusetts.  His 70th and 80th birthdays were public events and he died in Hampton Falls, New Hampshire.

12/23/1807

Congress sets embargo detaining all vessels American and foreign in its ports.

Robert Fulton has built the world’s first steamboat and its first trip is from New York to Albany.

1808-1878

William Roos, portrait painter’s lifetime.

1808

Alberta, Canada Indians include:

Painted Feather Siksika Blackfeet Native American Indians has 120 lodges with 30 men.

Siksika Cold Native Blackfeet American Indians have 8- tents with 40 men.

Slave (Lake) Blackfeet Native American Indians have 650 tents with 1,420 warriors.

American Law Journal magazine debuts and is printed until 1817.

British and Foreign Schools Society is founded.

Slave trade with Africa is banned.

U.S. prohibited importation of slaves.

Whale, 60 foot is found dead, towed and exhibited from Salem and Boston, Massachusetts.

1808 FAMOUS PEOPLE

Carlo Brioschi and Pascal Andreoli, Italian meteorologists, set new altitudes record by rising 25,000 feet in a hot air balloon.

Commodore Samuel Barron of the ship Chesapeake is tried and sentence for a five year suspension for surrendering ship to the British in 1807

John Jacob Astor of New York organizes The American Fur Company and will complete  with Canadian fur traders.

M. De Grandpre has a duel with M. Le Pique.  They are both in balloons over Paris, France.  Le Pique and his second die when their balloon plunges one half mile.

Manuel Lisa with a few other merchants in St. Louis organize the Missouri Fur Company and a year later they built Fort Lisa in North Dakota near mouth of the Big Knife.

R.B. Chenoworth of Baltimore, Maryland patented a cast-iron plow.

1808 INVENTORS AND INTRODUCTIONS

Band saw is invented.

1/1/1808

Congress prohibits importation of African slaves.

1/20/1808

Charleston, South Carolina cotton was selling at 25 cents per pound.

3/19/1808

Spain’s King Charles IV is forced to abdicate to his son Ferdinand VII.

LATE April 1808

To escape White settlers, Tecumseh and his brother, The Prophet and their followers travel from western Ohio to north of present day Lafayette.

5/2/1808

Riots occur in Madrid, Spain but are suppressed by French.

5/6/1808

Ferdinand VII is imprisoned by the French and abdicates.  Napoleon Bonaparte’s brother Joseph takes over.

6/3/1808-12/6/1889

Jefferson Davis’s lifetime.  He was born in Kentucky (now Fairview) and member of U.S. House of Representatives, U.S. Senate, Secretary of War under U.S. President Franklin Pierce and President of the Confederacy.  He died in New Orleans, Louisiana.

6/4/1808

Spain declares war on France.

7/4/1808

Spain makes peace with Britain.

7/13/1808-10/17/1893

Patrice McMahon, first president of France’s third Republic’s lifetime.

8/21/1808

Battle of Vimeiro occurs between British and Portuguese 18,800 men against 13,050 French.  British and Portuguese have 720 men killed or wounded.  French have about 2,000 dead or wounded and 13 of 23 guns captured.

11/1808

French Napoleon Bonaparte personally heads 200,0000 troops when he arrives in Spain.

11/22/1808-7/19/1892

Thomas Cook, founder of English travel agency’s lifetime.

12/17/1808

Battle of Rolica occurs between British’s 15,500 men under Lieutenant General Sir Arthur Wellesley and Portugal under Colonel Trant against the French’s 4,350 men under General Delaborde.  French had 600 men killed or wounded and lost three guns.  The British and Portuguese 474 killed wounded or taken prisoner.

12/17/1808-9/7/1892

John Greenleaf Whittier, American Quaker abolitionist and poet’s lifetime.

12/29/1808-7/31/1875

Andrew Johnson, 17th U.S. President’s lifetime.  He was born in Raleigh, North Carolina.

1809-1811

Tecumseh, Shawnee Indian chief, tries to unite tribes of the Great Lakes, Ohio Valley and Southeast against the U.S.  (In 1811 at Tippecanoe, his brother, Tenskwatawa, is defeated).

1809-1812

Henry Deringer from Philadelphia, Pennsylvania has rifle contracts with the Office of Indian Trade.

1809-1817

During James Madison’s U.S. Presidency he signs one Executive Order.  His vice presidents are George Clinton and Elbridge Gerry. 

1809-1823

Sequoyah creates a Cherokee syllabic alphabet.  (Another spelling variation is Sequoya).

1809-1892

Lord Alfred Tennyson, poet’s lifetime.  He was born in Lincolnshire, England and wrote Charge of the Light Brigade.

1809

Fencing types are exhibited.

Treaty of Fort Wayne gets 2.5 million acres of Indian lands in Indiana and Ohio for White settlement.

1809 FAMOUS PEOPLE

General William Henry Harrison and Miami Indians sign treaty.

George Clinton becomes Vice President of U.S. and dies while in office.  Elbridge Gerry finishes his term in 1813.

James Madison, U.S. President begins tradition of having Inauguration Balls.

John Molson opens passenger steam service in Montreal, Canada.

Mother Elizabeth Ann Seton, born in 1774, founds first American religious order of women (Catholic), The Sisters of Charity at Emmitsburg, Maryland.  She died in 1821, is beatified in 1963, and becomes first American born saint in 1975.

Richard Trevitchick and Robert Dickenson get a patent for an iron ship in England.

Woman born without hands is exhibited in U.S. She embroiders flowers and cuts watch papers and does other fancy work by using her toes.

1809 INVENTORS AND INTRODUCTIONS

Lace making machine invented.

1809 FIRST MADE AND FIRST USED

Gun breechloader first used.

1809 BOOKS

History of New York from the Beginning of the World to the End of the Dutch Dynasty by Washington Irving.

Mrs. Leicester’s School b Charles Lamb and his sister Mary had serious moral tones.

Poetry for Young Children by Charles Lamb and his sister Mary.

Ulysses by Charles Lamb was a prose version.

1/16/1809

British army of 14,000 is attacked by 20,000 French at Coruna, Spain.

1/19/1809-10/7/1849

Edgar Allan Poe, author, critic and poet’s lifetime.  He was born in Boston, Massachusetts and his works include The Fall of the House of Usher, The Murders in the Rue Morgue, The Pitt and the Pendulum and The Raven.  He died in Baltimore, Maryland.

2/3/1809

The Territory of Illinois is created.

2/11/1809

Robert Fulton patented his steamboat.  He was born in 1765 and died in 1815.

2/12/1809-4/15/1865

Abraham Lincoln, 16th U.S. President’s lifetime.  He is born in Kentucky and is assassinated in Washington, D.C.

2/12/1809-4/191882

Charles Darwin, naturalist’s lifetime. He was born in Shrewsbury, England and died at Down House in Kent, England at age 73.

2/15/1809-5/13/1884

Cyrus Hall McCormick, industrialist and inventor of many agricultural implements’ lifetime.  He was born in Rockbridge County, Virginia.  He died in Chicago, Illinois.

2/22/1809

Railroad locomotive invented.  First steam engine tramway locomotive invented by Richard Trevithick carried ten tons of iron, seventy men and five extra wagons.  The train traveled nine miles in Wales in two hours.

3/4/1809

George Clint is Vice President of U.S.

James Madison is inaugurated as fourth U.S. President and serves two terms.

3/7/1809

Jean Pierre Blanchard, French balloonist and showman, dies in Paris, France.

4/1809

Austria declares war on France.  Defeat is swift.

5/16/1809

British Sir Arthur Wellesley leads 30,000 British and 16,000 Portuguese troops against the French lead by Marshall Soult in northern Portugal.  French retreat to Spain.

5/31/1809

Franz Joseph Haydn, composer, dies in Vienna, Austria at age 77.

6/8/1809

Thomas Paine, American revolutionist and pamphlet writer, dies in New York at  age 72.  He was born in 1737.

7/21-22/1809

Battle of Talavera occurs when British-Portuguese 20,660 man army (led by Major-General Sir Arthur Wellesley) marches into Spain to fight French (lead by Marshal Soult and King Joseph and Marshal Victor) and Spanish forces of 46,000 (led by General Cuesta).  British-Portuguese have 5,400 dead or wounded to the French’s 7,300.  Major-General Sir Arthur Wellesley becomes a Lord after this battle.

7/28/1809-10/30/1862

Ormsby MacKnight Mitchel’s lifetime.  He was born in Kentucky and was founder and director of Mitchel Observatory at Cincinnati 1844- 1959. He died of yellow fever.

8/9/1809-3/6/1836

William Barret Travis, lawyer and U.S. soldier’s lifetime.  He was born near Red Banks, Edgefield County, South Carolina.  He fought in Texas and when the Alamo fell to Mexicans.

9-12/31/1809

36 ships filled with British goods reach Philadelphia.  Over 100 ships filled with British goods reach New York.

9/30/1809

Governor Harrison negotiates the Treaty of Fort Wayne with the Delaware, Eal River tribes, Kickapoo, Miami, Potawatomi and Wea native American Indians that gives U.S. more than two million acres in lower third of Indiana.

10/6/1809-3/30/1882

John Willis Griffiths, editor, lecturer, naval architect, inventor and ship designer (wooden, clipper, steam)’s lifetime.  He was born in New York City, New York.  Some of his inventions include an iron keelson (strengthen wooden ships), bilge keel (prevent rolling), triple screws (improved rivet), timber grinding machine. He died in Brooklyn, New York.

11/13/1809-7/12/1870

John Adolphus Bernard Dahlgren, U.S. naval officer and inventor’s lifetime.  He  was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, developed cannon improvements and died in Washington.

12/24/1809-5/23/1868

Christopher Houston Carson known as Kit Carson, trapper and scout’s lifetime.  He was born in Madison County, Kentucky and died at Fort Lyon, Colorado.

12/29/1809-5/19/1898

William Ewart Gladstone, British politician’s lifetime.

1810

1810 - 1811

There are 350 Piikani lodges in Alberta, Canada.  This is less than half of the numbers 20 years earlier.

1810-1850

More than 4,000 people were killed or injured in riverboat accidents.

1810

Circus had been indoors or outdoors until this time but now canvas enclosures and fencing circus areas begins.

Hospital