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    LNER: The London and North Eastern Railway
    LNER: The London and North Eastern Railway
    LNER: The London and North Eastern Railway
    Ebook97 pages44 minutes

    LNER: The London and North Eastern Railway

    By Paul Atterbury

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    The London and North Eastern Railway, or LNER as it was familiarly known, was one of the Big Four companies that took control of Britain's railway network following the 'Grouping' in 1923. This network represented a challenging mixture of mainline and rural passenger routes, suburban services, and freight and industrial lines across the east coast of England and Scotland. Despite this challenge, the LNER became famous for its style, speed and efficiency, with record-breaking high-speed routes capturing the public's imagination, supported by iconic locomotives such as the Flying Scotsman and Mallard. Full of beautiful photographs, this is a perfect introduction to one of Britain's best-loved railway operators during the Age of Steam.
    LanguageEnglish
    PublisherBloomsbury Publishing
    Release dateMay 31, 2018
    ISBN9781784422707
    LNER: The London and North Eastern Railway
    Author

    Paul Atterbury

    Paul Atterbury is the author of numerous books on railway topics including Branch Line Britain and Along Lost Lines and has appeared regularly as an expert on the BBC's Antiques Roadshow.

    Read more from Paul Atterbury

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      Book preview

      LNER - Paul Atterbury

      THE GROUPING

      At the end of the First World War, Britain’s railways were in a parlous state. Years of heavy use and inadequate maintenance had taken a toll on a network that had been built by over a hundred private companies that ranged in size from the major players such as the Great Western, the Midland and the London and North Western to minor lines serving essentially local needs. Many of these companies were in financial difficulties, with a total deficit of over £40 million, partly because of the impact of the war, and partly because of the considerable duplication of routes and stations, the result of fierce competition between Victorian railway builders. During the war, the government had taken control of the railways, while stopping short of actual nationalisation, and this control continued into the immediate post-war years.

      Postcard depicting Great Eastern Railway 4-4-0 Class T19 locomotive and passenger train crossing Trowse swing bridge near Norwich, in about 1910.

      In 1920 Eric Geddes, the Minister of Transport and a former deputy general manager of the North Eastern Railway and First Lord of the Admiralty, was asked to put together a plan for the future of Britain’s railways. His White Paper formed the basis of the Railways Act of 1921, known popularly as the Grouping Act, the essence of which was that the major railways should be brought together into large regional groups. The original proposal was for six or seven areas or groups, including a separate one for Scotland, but for the Act that was passed in August 1921 this was reduced to four with Scotland included, defined as the Great Western Railway (GWR), the Southern Railway (SR), the London, Midland and Scottish Railway (LMS) and the London and North Eastern Railway (LNER). These quickly became known as the Big Four. A subsequent Act in 1933 created the London Passenger Transport Board to operate the capital’s transport network. Though the regional boundaries were clearly drawn, there was inevitably some overlap and some anomalies, usually the result of pre-Grouping partnerships. Obvious examples were the LNER’s operation of the West Highland line to Mallaig, deep into LMS territory, and the LMS’s control of the former London, Tilbury and Southend route eastwards from London into LNER territory. However, the core separation was between the main routes from London to Scotland, with the LMS having the West Coast route, and the LNER the East. The Railways Act came into force on 1 January 1923.

      Postcard depicting North British Railway 4-4-2 Class H locomotive crossing the Forth Bridge in about 1910.

      The main constituent companies of the LNER were the Great Eastern Railway, the Great Central Railway, the North Eastern Railway, the Great Northern Railway, the Hull and Barnsley Railway, the North British Railway and the Great North of Scotland Railway. The most important of these, the GER, the GCR, the NER and the GNR, had themselves been created by mergers and amalgamations during the previous century, while the ambitious NBR was the largest railway in Scotland. In addition, brought into the Group were many other lesser lines, giving the LNER a route length of 6,590 miles and making it the second-largest of the Big Four. The very long list of subsidiary, leased and jointly operated lines included a few independent companies, such as the Mid-Suffolk Light Railway, and a large number of lines leased or worked by the main constituent LNER railways. There were about twenty-four of these, mostly either short connecting railways or nominally independent local and branch lines. They ranged from minor or obscure companies, such as the NER’s goods only Fawcett Depot Line, the GCR’s North Lindsey Light Railway, the GNR’s Stamford and Essendine Railway and the NBR’s Lauder Light Railway, to substantial and sometimes important lines on the railway map, such as the GER’s London and Blackwell Railway, the

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