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    Expansion into Connecticut Western Reserve: A Brief Look at the Events Leading up to and Including the Westward Movement of Early American Settlers
    Expansion into Connecticut Western Reserve: A Brief Look at the Events Leading up to and Including the Westward Movement of Early American Settlers
    Expansion into Connecticut Western Reserve: A Brief Look at the Events Leading up to and Including the Westward Movement of Early American Settlers
    Ebook128 pages2 hours

    Expansion into Connecticut Western Reserve: A Brief Look at the Events Leading up to and Including the Westward Movement of Early American Settlers

    By Arthur R. Bauman

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    About this ebook

    What prompted the colonists to move to the new, wild, and unfamiliar territory in northeastern Ohio that would become known as the Connecticut Reserve? How did they get this far inland? What happened to the people indigenous to the area before the colonists expanded westward? How did the area come to be in the first place? This book provides some possible answers to those questions.

    LanguageEnglish
    PublisherAuthorHouse
    Release dateJul 12, 2006
    ISBN9781468502947
    Expansion into Connecticut Western Reserve: A Brief Look at the Events Leading up to and Including the Westward Movement of Early American Settlers
    Author

    Arthur R. Bauman

    Arthur R. Bauman has written several books pertaining to the American History Genre. Which are designed to investigate the actual historical moments of the times. Captain John Smiths travels described the actual accounts based upon his view of what really happened in the latter days of the sixteenth century into the early seventeenth century of Europe. These accounts taken from his diaries, explains how people really thought, and with the full details of each event. I included the ancient history that brought all of these event together. Showing, why this happened. This also shows the reader of how an individual who was not of nobility, had a normal reaction, and described it in full detail. I also wanted to show the reader the Historical Background into each Country that he got involved with especially in Transylvania. North America became another episode that showed his tenacity, to go through the severest, brutal, and Abusive situations, no one ever could imagine. Captain John Smith has become an American Icon Based upon the American folklore. Especially the Powhatan, Pocahontas story in the Jamestown saga.

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      Book preview

      Expansion into Connecticut Western Reserve - Arthur R. Bauman

      © 2010 Arthur R. Bauman. All rights reserved.

      No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted by any means without the written permission of the author.

      First published by AuthorHouse 3/18/2010

      ISBN: 978-1-4259-3473-6 (sc)

      Bloomington, Indiana

      Contents

      Author’s notes…..

      Prologue

      Chapter One:

      The Beginning

      Chapter Two:

      The American Colonies

      Chapter Three:

      The Revolutionary War

      Chapter Four:

      Aftermath of the War

      Chapter Five:

      Extension of the Revolution

      Chapter Six:

      United States Involvement in the War of 1812

      Chapter Seven:

      Country Spreads its Wings

      Epilogue

      Bibliography

      About the Author

      Dedicated to those who came before us. . . .

      This book is dedicated to the hearty pioneers who left everything behind to come to this new land and who provided a strong foundation for the Connecticut Western Reserve as well as for the United States, the most powerful country in the world. It is also dedicated to the Native Americans who were truly the first residents of this great land and who admittedly suffered at the hands of the white man.

      ~~A. Bauman

      Author’s notes…..

      I relied on a number of sources for this book, not all of which said the same thing. Many of the sources come from different times and as we all know, stories have a way of changing each time they are told.

      To my knowledge, the material in the book is accurate. For any factual errors, I apologize in advance.

      I also wish to take this opportunity to acknowledge the work of The Weis Revise in helping me with this manuscript.

      ~~A. Bauman

      Prologue

      As I walked along the banks of the Mahoning River in Trumbull County Ohio, I wondered how those who settled the Connecticut Western Reserve arrived here.

      What prompted the colonists, who had originally come to this continent from Europe for a variety of reasons to move to this new, wild, and unfamiliar territory in northeastern Ohio? How did they get this far inland?

      What happened to the people indigenous to the area before the colonists expanded westward?

      How did the area come to be in the first place?

      Thousands of years ago, glaciers retreated leaving pockets that filled with water to become lakes, rivers and streams and high spots that became hills and mountains. Trees, grasses and other vegetation eventually covered the land that once lay frozen under millions of tons of ice.

      For hundreds, perhaps thousands of years, native peoples thrived off the land before the first Europeans set foot on this continent. Eventually those settlers would move inland from the coast. Thick forests fell to towns and cities as this expansion of Connecticut settlers began to inhabit the land in the late 1700s to early 1800s.

      The Western Reserve only dates back a few centuries, however, the area is rich in history and mystery. This book takes a look at how nature, events, and people miles beyond the Ohio border affected this small area of land located along the southern shore of Lake Erie.

      I invite you to take a short walk with me through the pages of time.

      Chapter One:

      The Beginning

      Paleo-Indians First in the Area

      Most people are familiar with the North American tales of discovery — first by the Vikings in Vinland (present-day Newfoundland) and then five centuries later by European powers including France and England. However, Europeans were not the first peoples to explore Ohio and its valuable waterways.

      Paleo-Indians began to enter this area approximately 11,000 years ago, just as the continental ice sheet, which created almost two-thirds of Ohio’s present landscape, began its protracted retreat. It had pushed into Ohio about 20,000 years ago, picking up rocks, pebbles, and other debris as it advanced south and west.

      For the next 10,000 years, the glacier advanced and retreated, flattening and gouging the land. When the glacier that ranged from 1000 feet to one mile thick, began to retreat and melt at the edges, the Great Lakes — as they are known today — began to take shape, starting in the Erie basin. Glacial deposits (till) remained to become the boulder clay deposit that makes up much of the original material for the soil for many miles south of present-day Lake Erie.

      Glacial Movement Forms Lake Erie

      An ancient basin was exposed as the ice sheet retreated north, however, glacial ice still blocked the St. Lawrence Seaway. Glacial meltwater filled the lowland and formed lakes in front of the ice pack, including Glacial Lake Maumee, one of a few lakes/stages preceding modern-day Lake Erie. For the next few thousand years, the lake levels in the Erie Basin fluctuated as the Wisconsin glacier slowly danced back and forth in its final phases. As the pressure from the great weight of the glacier eased, the land surface began to rise and the topography of the land gradually became what it is today.

      Several sandy ridges formed along the shoreline of these lake stages, ridges which offered dry routes to Indians and early explorers. Some of these early trails would mark the way for primitive roads and the paved highways such as U.S. Route 20 west of Norwalk and east of Cleveland, Ohio.

      Indians Here Before Europeans

      Indians roamed and hunted the American continents, including parts of Ohio thousands of years before Europeans set sail on quests to find new routes, new lands, and riches. Archeological studies point to the possibility that people who lived in what is now Siberia crossed the Bering Strait to Alaska via an exposed land bridge. As they continued their slow trek, some headed south to the tip of South America, others scattered to other parts of the continents and islands.

      In Ohio, the first inhabitants survived by hunting large game animals including wooly mammoths and mastodons. A group known as the Archaic people that hunted and gathered on the land disappeared around 1000 B.C. Between this time and 800 B.C., the Adena, cultivators and traders, inhabited the southern river valleys and introduced agriculture to the area; however, their lasting mark was the burial mounds that can still be found in those areas. The Hopewell — hunters, gathers, traders, and cultivators — moved into the area in about 100 B.C.

      Sometime after A.D. 1000, the Whittlesey Focus People lived in villages that overlooked the river valleys of northern Ohio. The downfall of this group, as well as the little-known Erie tribe that lived on the southern shores of Lake Erie, coincided with the exploration by Europeans, who brought disease with them and supplied weapons to tribes such as the Iroquois.

      Europeans Seek to Expand

      Driven by a combination of greed, curiosity, quest for knowledge, sense of adventure, and a desire to spread Christianity beyond European lands, explorers sailed southward and westward across the Atlantic Ocean in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries.

      At the beginning of the fifteenth century, most Europeans knew about southern Africa and China, but the world they cared about was primarily Europe and the Mediterranean. However, Arabic traders’ introduction of goods from other parts of the world broadened Europeans’ outlook. As the world’s goods spread in Europe, the monetary system began to take shape and gradually replaced the bartering system on which they’d previously relied.

      Goods were brought to Europe from the Middle East, China, and India via Arabic intermediaries. Europeans yearned to cut out the middleman to increase profits, especially in the spice trade. Because spices helped to preserve meats, they were as valuable as gold or silver. In 1453 the land route from Europe to Asia was cut off by the Turkish Empire, which drove prices up. In hopes of finding a route to China and India as well as other riches along the way (including African gold, ivory, and slaves), the Portuguese headed south along Africa’s west coast.

      In 1488 Bartolomeu Dias sailed around the southern tip of Africa — the Cape of Good Hope, however after finding the passage to India he turned around and headed home. Ten years later, Vasco Da Gama became the first European to arrive in India via the Cape of Good Hope. Soon Portugal dominated the African trade routes and created a monopoly on the eastern spice trade.

      Spanish explorers headed westward across the Atlantic in an effort to get around the monopoly, to find gold and silver to pay for wars with the Turkish Empire, and to spread Christianity.

      Contrary to popular folklore, educated Europeans knew the world was round. An eastern route to India was considered dangerous and ill-fated, not because of an outdated belief that explorers would fall off the edge of the earth, but because the ocean would be too vast to cross and the chance of dehydration and/or starvation too great.

      However, Genoese explorer Christopher Columbus was certain the earth was smaller than perceived and —almost a decade after being turned down by Portugal’s king —persuaded King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella of Spain to fund a westward expedition.

      Columbus landed in the Bahamas in October of 1492 and encountered native peoples. While he mistakenly believed he’d found the East Indies — a belief he took to his grave — others believed he’d discovered a new continent, and coined it the New World.

      Controversy still surrounds Columbus’ expeditions: Can someone discover a new land when it’s already inhabited? Shouldn’t Vikings get credit for their brief settlement of the northern land

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