Bosnian-English Dictionary: Turcisms, Colloquialisms, Islamic Words and Expressions

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First published by AuthorHouse  5/5/2011

ISBN: 978-1-4634-0179-5 (e)

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CONTENTS

Acknowledgements

Introduction

Alphabet and Pronunciation

Importance of Studying Turcisms

Abbreviations Used

Turcisms & Colloquialisms A – Ž

Islamic Words and Expressions A – Z

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

First, and foremost, I am grateful to Almighty God for granting me the strength and health and Who made all things possible.

I wish to express my love and gratitude to my dear wife and our son for their unwavering support.

Also, I wish to express my heartfelt gratitude to my friend, Michael E. Young, for his encouragement and support. I thank him for his unstinting willingness to give expert advice to me and for his eagle eye as the editor of this dictionary. Many years ago, I had the deep desire to create this needed and new dictionary of the Bosnian language. For the entire length of time needed to write and compile this dictionary, Michael E. Young has encouraged me to continue. In my experience, his expert eye, quality, and facility in the English language is unparalleled.

INTRODUCTION

Bosnian words and expressions cited in the dictionary reflect the current use by native Bosnian speakers. The major sources of these words and expressions are: the Rječnik Turcizmi u srpskohrvatskom-hrvatskosrpskom jeziku of Abdulah Škaljić, various magazines, newspapers, and books in Bosnian, the Internet, and Nusret Mulasmajic (the author).

The author would appreciate comments of praise, comments about the content of the dictionary, and comments about any typographical errors found.

The Bosnian alphabet consists of 30 letters, of which five are vowels (a, e, i, o, u) and 25 consonants. Each sound is represented by a single letter. Beside regular Latin letters, the Bosnian alphabet also has diacritical letters (č, ć, đ, š, ž) and digraphs (dž, lj, nj). Dž is both a diacritical letter and a digraph.

ALPHABET AND PRONUNCIATION

IMPORTANCE OF STUDYING TURCISMS

Many words were immediately incorporated into the simple, everyday Bosnian language from the Turkish language. Additionally, it must be noted that only some of these words were incorporated into the official, recognized, and standard language. All of the words, however, are part of the Bosnian language as a whole.

The arrival of the Ottoman Turks on the Balkan Peninsula signaled the appearance of various Turkish words and expressions in the Bosnian language. This dictionary elucidates many of these Turkish words and expressions for the first time. One immediately asks: Who spread Turcisms? Why are there a large number of Turcisms in all Balkan languages? And particulary in the Bosnian language?

It is generally assumed that the presence of foreign words in a language is caused by direct contact and by mixing two or more people. As for Turcisms in the Bosnian language, it is thought that they were mostly spread by the Turkish army and Turkish administration, then by local Muslims, citizens and officials.

The Turks came as the bearers of new social and governmental structure and as carriers of Eastern, Islamic culture. Two factors have played a crucial role in spreading these words: 1) the Bosnian Muslims who were educated in Istanbul, and 2) the folk songs (the epic and lyrical) that are interwoven with many words of eastern origin and were recorded and preserved as a popular oral tradition. Not a single language is pure and has no influence from neighboring languages. All languages borrow and incorporate words from other languages in the stages of development and growth. As people migrate, words move from one language to the other. Various circumstances influence to what extent certain words from foreign sources are incorporated into local customs and neighborhoods.

CLASSIFICATION AND DIVISION OF TURCISMS

Words taken from the Turkish language which we encounter in the Bosnian language do not have the same value and the same significance. They can be classified into certain groups:

1) The first group of words contains the words that became fully common in the Bosnian language, as if they acquired civil rights. Two types of these words should be distinguished: a) words that have no general substitution in the Bosnian language and b) words for which replacement could be found, but the replacement is not generally accepted.

Words of the first kind are: bakar, boja, bubreg, burmut, čarapa, čekić, čelik, česma, čizma, ćela, dara, duhan, džep, đon, jatak, jorgovan, kalup, katran, kula, kuluk, kundak, kutija, lala, leš, limun, majmun, pamuk, papuče, rakija, sapun, sat, šator, šećer, tambura, top, tulipan, zanat, halva, pita, baklava, burek, čimbur, somun, čurek, bungur, boza, salep, kafa, šerbe, dud, jelek, čakšire, šalvare, dimije, fes, fermen, firale, nanule, mestve, ibrik, đugum, džezva, tepsija, tendžera, sinija, sedžada, saz, def, tambura, šargija, etc.

Words of the second kind are: alat, aždaja, barut, bašta, čaršija, čaršaf, čoban, ergela, jastuk, jorgan, jufka, juriš, kajmak, kalaj, kašika, vez, kusur, makaze, marama, megdan, mehana, meza, miraz, para, sandale, sanduk, sirće, šegrt, šimšir, torba, zumba, etc.

2) Some words became completely common in our everyday speech and are used without objection in the standard language. For example, amanet, at, bajrak, bešika, bunar, čarka, čardak, ćebe, ćorav, ćoso, ćumur, dušek, đubre, esnaf, gajtan, hajduk, kapija, kopča, kuršum, magaza, mana, odžak, parče, pirinač, reza, raja, etc.

3) These words are used often in everyday speech. However, these words are more than colloquialisms and more than only used on rare occasions. These words can be used every day to point to specific aims and intentions. They can be used to indicate past events. They can be used to add special emphasis to a conversation. Granted, other words can be used to indicate the same subject matter, but this group of words offer a richness and depth to the Bosnian language that can no longer be ignored. These words include: asker, avlija, baksuz, bakšiš, dušman, dželat, ćuprija, busija, belaj, behar, duvar, dibiduz, dever, kubura, dembel, degenek, batal, sokak, hajvan, burazer, baška, komšija, konak, mušterija, muhur, merak, zulumćar, mahmuran, nišan, ortak, pendžer, direk, fajda, hator, džada, ambar, inat, terzija, veresija, dućan, kavga, hamajlija, etc.

4) This is a group of words that are related to certain dialects or regions in Bosnia. These include: babo, taze, fišek, hava, insan, čevrma, haber, čivija, etc.

5) Some Turcisms can only be found in folk songs. They have disappeared entirely from use in the spoken Bosnian language. These include: armagan, istifan, leventa, pehlić, etc.

6) This group of Turcisms relate only to the Islamic religious life, religious customs, greetings and expressions of Muslims. Muslim names fall in this group of Turcisms.

FORMATION OF TURCISMS

The following applies to the formation of Turcisms:

a) Certain words move directly from the Turkish language into the Bosnian language without any change. These include: aba, abdal, ačik, ada, adet, adžajip, etc.

b) Some Turkish words change only when grammatical endings and grammatical structure from the Bosnian language are used and added to the original Turkish word. These include: aşiklı – ašiklija, başlı – bašlija, çakşirli – čakširlija, boyaci – bojadžija, biçki – bičkija, etc.

c) The ending e of a Turkish word is changed to a in the Bosnian language. These include: ahmediye – ahmedija, Hayriye – Hajrija, etc.

d) Often the difference between the Turkish word and our word is reflected only in the assimilation and choice of the closest approximation of the consonants in the Bosnian language. These include: bakçe – bašča, ikbal – igbal, aşikçı – ašigdžija, etc.

Finally, and important to note, the Islamic words and expressions contained in this dictionary are not only used in the Bosnian, Croatian, and Serbian languages, but also in almost all other languages where Muslims live.

ABBREVIATIONS USED

TURCISMS & COLLOQUIALISMS A – Ž

A

aar, ar, see: ahar

aba, n. 1. domestic cloth; coarse woolen material; 2. coat (robe) made from aba

abab, see: ahbab

Abadžić, last name (see: abadžija)

abadžija n. 1. cloth worker/maker/weaver; 2. cloth dealer/merchant; 3. tailor

Abadžiluk, see: abadžiluk

abadžiluk n. 1. cloth making/weaving/manufacture; 2. part of marketplace where cloth store can be found

abadžinka n. 1. needle used by cloth worker/maker/weaver; 2. wife of abadžija; 3. dressmaker

abaha, abahija, see: abaija

abahija, abaija, (abaha, abaja, abajlija, habaija, abrahija) n. cloth for covering horse; saddle blanket

abaja, abajlija, see: abaija

abanija n. 1. fine cotton material embroidered with yellow silk; 2. headscarf

abati, see: habati

abatiti, v. to nab; to bag; to nail; to trap; to grab

Abaz, Abas, Muslim male name

Abaza, Abasa, Muslim female name

abažur, n. lampshade

abdal n. stupid person; fool

abderitski, abderski, adj. stupid; narrow-minded

abdes, see: abdest

abdeshana, avdeshana n. place for performing abdest

abdesli, avdesli, adj. (person) who is still under abdest

abdeslija, avdeslija, n. cloth for wiping (drying) after abdest (ritual washing)

abdesluk, avdesluk, abdestluk, avdestluk, n. place for ritual washing

abdesna mahrama, see: marama

abdest, abdes, avdest, avdes, havdes, abdestenje, n. ritual washing before prayer; partial ablution

abdestati se, avdestati se, v. to perform abdest

abdest izgubiti, abdest pokvariti, v. repeat of ritual washing caused by need

abdest uzeti, abdest uzimati, v. to perform ritual washing before prayer

Abdija, Avdija, Abdi, Avdi, Muslim male name

Abduka, see: Abdulah

Abdulah, Abdullah, Avdulah, Muslim male name, servant of God

Abdulatif, Abdullatif, Muslim male name, servant of the Gracious

Abdulaziz, Muslim male name, servant of the Mighty

Abdulfetah, Muslim male name, servant of the Judge

Abdulhamid, Muslim male name, servant of the Praiseworthy

Abdulkadir, Muslim male name, servant of the Capable

Adulmedžid, Muslim male name, servant of the Glorious

Abdulmelik, Muslim male name, servant of the King

Abdulvehab, Muslim male name, servant of the Bestower

Abdurahim, Avduruhim, Abdurrahim, Muslim male name, servant of the Merciful

Abdurezak, Abdurrezak, Muslim male name, servant of the Sustainer

abdusalatin, see: avdisalatin

Abduselam, Abdusselam, Muslim male name, servant of the Source of Peace

aben, adj. made of aba (see: aba 1.)

abenjača, see: abenjak

abenjak, abenjača, n. traditional cap (made of aba)

aber, see: haber

aberdar, see: haberdar

aberdžija, see: aberdar

abernik, see: habernik

Abesinija, Abisinija, n. Abyssinia

Abid, Muslim male name

Abida, Muslim female name

Abi-hajat, see: Abu-hajat

abiturijent, n. secondary school graduate

ablendovati, v. to dim headlights (on an automobile)

abmontovati, abmontirati, v. to dismantle; to remove

abonirati, v. to subscribe; to prepay

abonos, n. ebony, ebonywood

abraš, abreš, n. 1. spotted/speckled/dappled horse; 2. freckled face

abrašast, adj. covered with spots; pockmarked

Abrašević, last name (see: abraš)

abrašljiv, adj. dappled (horse)

abriktovati, v. to bring up; to raise; to train; to groom

abronoša, n. chatterbox

abu, see: ebu

Abu-hajat, Abi-hajat, n. water of eternity

abulanta, ambulanta, n. clinic; first-aid station; emergency ward; outpatient department (of a hospital)

abu-salatin, see: habu-salatin

abu-zemze, abu-zemzem, the sacred well within the precincts of the mosque at Mecca

ačenje, n. affectation; mincing

ačik, hačik, (adj. & adv.)1. open; not closed; 2. un- covered; bare; 3. clear; unoccupied; empty; 4. unhidden; 5. light (color); bright; 6. obscene

ačikluk, n. 1. open space; 2. lightness (of color); brightness; 3. clearness

ačiti se, v. 1. to clown; to put on airs; 2. to grimace

ačkosum, see: aškosum

aće, n. young horse

Aćif, see: Akif

ad, n. hell

ada, n. small river island, river islet

adalet, n. 1. justice; 2. equity; fairness; righteousness

Adaleta, Muslim female name

adam, n. man; human being

adamluk, n. mankind; humanity

adaš, see: adeš

Adem, Adam, n. 1. Muslim male name; 2. The first man

adeš, adaš, n. namesake

adet, hadet, n. 1. custom; practice; 2. habit

adeta, adv. 1. nearly; almost; 2. simply; merely; 3. rather

adetosum, adv. as a formality

adiđar, n. jewel; precious stone

adiđarnica, n. jewelry store

Adil, Muslim male name

Adila, Muslim female name

adile-sadile, adv. everything; from the beginning to the end

admiral, n. admiral; flag officer

adrapovac, n. tramp; rascal; ragamuffin

adum, see: hadum

adut, n. trump; trump card

adžaip, adžajip, n. 1. strange; peculiar; curious; 2. How strange!; Odd!

Adžam, Adžem, n. 1. Persian (man); 2. Persia; 3. non-Arab

adžamija, hadžamija, adj. inexperienced; unaware (of); untrained

adžamiluk, n. inexperience; not knowing

adžami-oglan, adžemi-oglan, adžamoglan, adžemoglan, džamoglan, n. young boy; youngster; (young boys from a conquered country were taken by Turks to Turkey to be educated and trained as Turkish soldiers)

adžamkinja, adžemkinja, n. Persian saber; a saber made in Persia

adžamovka, adžemovka, n. Persian saber

adžam-pas, adžem-pas, n. Persian belt (girdle); Persian shawl

adžamska zemlja, adžemska zemlja, n. Persia

adžamski, adžemski, adj. Persian

adže, see: adžo

adžeba?, Who knows if…; I wonder if…(doubt, uncertainty)

adžela, n. hurry; haste

adžam-šal, adžem-šal, see: adžam-pas

adžija, n. pain; bitterness

adžija, see: hadžija

adžiz, adj. weak; powerless; helpless; incapable

adžo, adže, n. 1. old man; uncle; 2. see: hadžija

adžuvan, n. young man; lover

adžuzija, n. 1. old woman; 2. shrew; hag

ađara-buđera, ađer-buđer, adj. 1. written off; out of order; 2. bent and crooked; twisted; 3. pitiful; miserable

ađutant, n. adjutant

afare, afareta, n. monster, scarecrow; eyesore

afedersun!, aferdesum!, aferdosum!, I beg your pardon!; excuse me!

aferemisati, v. to applaud

aferim!, bravo!; excellent!; good!; that’s it!; bless you!; congratulation!; well done!

afet, n. calamity; disaster; catastrophe; misfortune

afijetola, (interj.) bless you!

afion, afiona, afijun, afijuna, n. 1. opium; 2. poppy

afiša, n. poster; (posted) advertisement; announcement

afiširati, v. to post (an advertisement, announcement)

afiz, afuz, see: hafiz

af učiniti, v. to forgive

aga, n. 1. (title) sir; master; chief; boss; 2. minor Turkish feudal lord; landowner; 3. Ahmet-aga, etc.

agabeg, n. older brother

Agabegović, last name

agadara, see: gadara

agalari, agalara, n. plural of aga

agaluk, n. 1. being an aga; 2. generosity; nobility; 3. territory of an aga; 4. pride; conceit

agaluk, see: agrluk

Agan, Ago, Agica, Aguš, Muslim male name

Aganlija, Muslim male name

agar, see: agr

agazija, agazli, see: jagrz

agda, n. boiled sugar; semi-solid sweet

Agica, see: Agan

agilan, adj. 1. active; energetic; 2. agile

aginica, n. wife/daughter of an aga

agiš, n. detective; agent

agovanje, n. life/position of an aga; being an aga

agovat, agovata, n. plural of aga (landlords)

agovati, v. to act like an aga

agr, agar, adj. 1. heavy; heavy/difficult (work); 2. significant; 3. valuable; precious; 4. arrogant; self-important

agrama, see: ograma

agrluk, n. dowry

agršak, agrška, n. 1. disk; 2. bobbin; 3. round thing

Aguš, see: Agan

ah, (interj.) oh; ah (exp. joy, admiration, pain, yearning)

ahar, aar, aara, ar, ara, jar, jara, n. 1. barn, stable; shed; 2. guest room

ahar-odaja, see: ahar

ahat, n. horse

ahbab, ahbaba, n. friend; acquaintance; good buddy

ahbabina, n. big friend

ahbabluk, ahbapluk, n. friendship; acquaintance

ahčija, ahčibaša, ahčikaduna, ahčiluk, ahčinica, see: aščija, aščibaša

ahdnama, n. charter; political agreement

ahinjak, n. party; entertainment; gathering

ahiret, n. afterlife; life after death

ahir-zeman, n. days (time) before the Judgement Day

ahlak, n. 1. moral; good behaviour; 2. ethics; 3. character

ahlakli, adj. of good conduct; decent; prudish

ahlaksuz, adj. immoral; unethical; indecent; asocial

ahlaksuzluk, n. immorality

ahmak, akmak, hakmak, hakman, n. idiot; blockhead; bonehead; moron; fool

ahmakast, hakmakast, adj. stupid

ahmakluk, n. stupidity

Ahmaš, see: Ahmed

Ahmed, Ahmet, Ahmo, Ahmaš, Ahmetaš, Ahmica, Ahmić, Muslim male name

ahmedija, n. turban scarf; turban

Ahmetaš, see: Ahmed

Ahmica, see: Ahmed

Ahmić, see: Ahmed

Ahmo, see: Ahmed

ahšam, see: akšam

ahval, n. 1. circumstances; conditions; 2. occurrences; incidents; affairs; events

ainbein, see: ajnbejn

aip, ajip, ajp, n. disgrace; shame

air, airli, airsuz, air-dova, see: hair, hairli, etc.

airisati, ajirisati, v. to separate; to detach; to part; to sever (from)

Aiša, Ajiša, Ajša, Muslim female name

aj! interj. oh!; aw!

aja!, ajja!, interj. No!; Never!; There is nothing of that!

ajakabija, ajak-kabija, n. footwear; shoes

ajakolija, n. toilet; loo

ajalet, n. region; province;

ajam, n. (horse’s) collar

ajan, n. leader; chief; prominent member/person; representative; notable; senator

ajar, n. 1. fineness; carats (gold, silver); 2. adjustment for accuracy (watch)

ajariti, uajariti, v. to set a watch to a correct time

ajat, see: hajat

ajati, v. to wander; to roam

ajdamak, n. club; (heavy) stick

ajde!, ajdemo!, (interj.) come along!; come on!

Ajdin, Muslim male name

ajduk, see: hajduk

ajet, n. a verse in the Qur’an

Ajet (Ajetulah), Muslim male name

Ajeta, Muslim female name

Ajetul-kursija, n. a part of the second chapter in the Qur’an

ajgir (angir), n. stallion

ajgirača, n. mare

ajin, see: hajin

ajip, see: aip

ajir, see: hair

ajirisati, see: hajirisati

Ajiša, see: Aiša

Ajka, Ajkuna, Muslim female name

ajkuna, n. 1. sweetheart; lover; 2. female

ajlaz, see: hajlaz

ajlučar, n. 1. somebody paid monthly; 2. mercenary

ajlugdžija, see: ajlukčija

ajluk, n. monthly pay; monthly salary

ajlukčija, ajlugdžija, see: ajlučar

ajmana, n. 1. head of cattle; beast; 2. prairie; pasture; 3. careless person

ajme, (interj.) ouch; oh (exp. pain, anger, fear)

ajn, n. name of the 18th letter in the Arabic alphabet

ajna, n. 1. mirror; 2. telescope

ajnačiti se, v. to pretend

ajnbejn, ainbein, adj. astounded; amazed

ajnc, n. type of card game

Ajnija, Muslim male or female name

ajp, see: aip

ajptur sujlemek!, (interj.) Excuse my language!; If you will excuse my French!

ajr, see: hair

ajran, n. buttermilk

ajsnuti, v. to hit; to punch

ajsovati, v. to fuck

Ajša, Muslim female name

ajtadžija, see: hajta

aj-vaj!, haj-vaj!, (interj.) (melancholic exclamation)

ajvan, see: hajvan

ajvar, see: hajvar

ak, see: hak

akaid, see: akida

akardaš, see: arkadaš

akasten, see: kasten

akastile, see: kastile

akati, v. 1. to annoy; to bother; 2. to destroy; to ruin; 3. to fuck

akati se, v. 1. to have sex; 2. to wrangle/argue/haggle/quibble over something

akča, akče, n. small silver coin; money

akče-tahta, n. board for counting money

Akhisar, old Turkish name

akibetihajr, adj. honest; good; proper; worthy

akida, aqida, aqidah, n. 1. Islamic doctrine/dogma; 2. Muslim creed; confession of faith

Akif, Aćif, Muslim male name

akik, akikli, see: hakik, hakikli

akika, aqiqah, n. 1. hair which is shaven off from the head of a new born when a sacrificial animal is offered; 2. animal that is slaughtered on the occasion when the hair of a new born is shaved

akil, adj. smart; intelligent; wise; rational; reasonable

akindžija, n. 1. assault cavalry; 2. raider; 3. plunderer

ak’l, n. 1. mind; intellect; reason; 2. intelligence; 3. wisdom

akla, hakla, adv. approximately; as a rough estimate

aklaja (haklaja), adv. see: akla, hakla

ak’lli, adj. smart; intelligent; wise; reasonable

akmadža, see: atmadža

akmak, see: ahmak

aknuti, v. 1. to beat up; 2. to fuck; 3. to steal; 4. to toss out

akonto, (prep.) about; concerning

akoprem, (conj.) although; though

akov, n. pail; bucket; barrel

Akova, Bijelo Polje (town in Sandžak)

akram, see: akran

akran, akram, n. equal; peer; match

akrap, see: akrep

akreba, n. relatives; kin

akrebaluk, n. kinship; affinity

akrep, jakrep, n. 1. scorpion; 2. harpy/shrewish woman; 3. hour-hand (of a clock); 4. vermin; 5. thin, ugly person

akribija, n. exactitude; meticulousness

aksav, adj. lame

aksi, adv. reversely; contrarily; oppositely

akšam, ahšam, n. 1. aksham (evening); 2. Muslim evening prayer

akšamčiček, akšamčič, akšam-cvijet, n. Mirabilis jalapa; four-o’clock (flower)

akšamdžija, see: akšamlučar

akšam-geldi, (indecl.) it’s dark outside; it is evening

akšam hajrola!, good evening! (greeting)

akšam hajrosum!, good evening! (greeting)

akšamlija, n. person at after-sunset party; one who spends all his evenings drinking

akšamlučar, n. see: akšamlija

akšamlučenje, n. after-sunset party; habit of drinking every evening

akšamlučiti, v. to party; to drink alcohol in the evening

akšamluk, n. common after-sunset gathering with talking and drinking alcohol

akšam-namaz, n. evening prayer

akšam oldi, (indecl.) the akšam is over (see: akšam)

akšam-pazari, n. trade (late in the evening)

aktovka, aktn-tašna, n. briefcase

akvla, n. train

al, see: hal

al, adj. pink; rosy; red

ala, n. 1. dragon; 2. glutton

ala, adj. colorful; multicolored; spotted

ala, adj. very good (grade in Islamic school); excellent

ala, see: hala

alabadžakast, adj. spotted/dappled (legs of horse)

alabahtuna!, (interj.) Good luck! (taking a chance)

alabašakast, adj. spotted/dappled (head of horse)

alaćerim, see: alahćerim

aladumi, aladumiti, see: anladumi, anladumiti

Aladža, name of the famous mosque in Foča, Bosnia

aladža, n. colorful cretonne; cotton cloth

aladžak, n. 1. claim; demand; 2. credit; outstanding debt

aladži, adj. colorful; multicolored

alafranga, adv. in the European style; European

ala-hala!, hala-hala!, ala-ala!, (interj.) God, God!

Alah aškuna!, (interj.) for God’s sake!

Alah belasuni versun!, (interj.) Damn him!

alahbilur!, alahbirum!, (interj.) God knows!

Alah bir!, As there is only one God! (to swear by God)

alahćerim!, alahkerim!, alaćerim!,(interj.) As God wills!

Alah džellešanuhu, the Exalted One

Alah hifzejle!, (interj.) God help us!

alahičun!, (interj.) for God’s sake!; in God’s name!

alahimanet!, alahemanet!, alahemanetola!, (interj.) Goodbye!

alahmubarećola! (Allah mubarećola), Good luck to you!; Congratulation!

Alah rabum!, (interj.) God grant!

Alah rahmetejle!, Allah rahmetile!, (interj.) may God have mercy on him!; may he rest in peace!

Alah razi ola, (interj.) may God bless you! (a way to express gratitude for some favor/good deed that you have done); may God grant!

alahrazola, alahraziola, see: Alah razi ola

Alah riza sićun, for the love of God

alahselamet!, (interj.) may God help him!

alahualem, alalem, (only)God knows!

alahumma, Allah umma, O God!

Alahu-ekber!; (interj.) God is Great!; God is almighty

alahunemrile; as God wills

alahversun!, (interj.) 1. I hope…; 2. may God help you!

alaj, n. 1. crowd; mass; group; 2. parade; procession; 3. (mil.) regiment; squadron; group

alaj-bajrak, alaj-barjak, (alajbajrak, alajbarjak), n. official flag; ceremonial flag; regimental colors

alajbeg, n. provincial military head; military commander

Alajbeg, Muslim male name; (see: alajbeg)

Alajbegova pusija, n. alajbeg’s favorite hunting place

alajbegova slama, n. unclaimed property

alajbegovica, n. wife of alajbeg; (see: alajbeg)

alajli bajrak (alali bajrak), n. ceremonial flag

alaj-muftija, n. military mufti; (see: muftija)

alaj-top, n. cannon that is fired during an official holiday or celebration

alaka, n. 1. relation; 2. affection

alakača, see: alapača

alakanje, n. screaming; shouting

alakast, adj. reckless; impetuous; fickle; capricious

alakati, halakati, harlakati, v.1. to shout Allah; 2. to yell; to scream; to shout; 3. to talk nonsense

alaknuti, halaknuti, allahnuti, v. to shout; to yell

alal, alaliti, see: halal, halaliti

alala, al’ala, see: halhala

alalem, see: alahualem

alali, adj. pink; rosy

alali-bajrak, see: alajli bajrak

Alaman, Aleman, n. German

alamanka, n. German saber; a saber made in Germany

alame, allame, n. great scholar; versatile educated person; learned man

alamet, n. sign; mark; symbol

alamunja, n. harebrained person

alamunjast, adj. harebrained; flighty

alapača, alakača, n. talkative, gossipy woman

alapačast, adj. talkative; garrulous

alapljiv, alav, adj. gluttonous; voracious

alas, n. fisherman

alas biti, alas se učiniti, alasiti se, see: halas biti

alasiti se, v. to get rid of

alast, adj. rosy

alaša, n. 1. a pack of horses; 2. (fig.) mob; rabble

alat, n. sorrel horse

alat, halat, n. 1. tools; instruments; 2. apparatus; machine; 3. penis

alatast, adj. sorrel

alaturka, adv. in the Turkish style

alatuša, n. sorrel mare

alauka, alauža, n. 1. wet snow; sleet; 2. noise; tumult

alaukati, v. to scream; to yell

alav, adj. greedy; gluttonous

alavertisati se, v. to part from

alavost, n. voracity; gluttony

albaber, al-baber, al-biber, baber, n. lily of the valley

albaberi, adj. red as blood

albaberija, n. red shawl

al-bašča, albašča, n. 1. flower garden; 2. golden, ornamental coin

al-binjiš, al’biniš, n. red coat

al-burundžuk, n. red burundžuk (see: burundžuk)

alčačina, alčakčina, n. big rascal/urchin

al-čadar, n. red tent

alčak, n. rascal; urchin

alčakluk, n. rascality

al-čatkija, alčatkija, n. red veil

alčija, n. gypsum

al-čoha, n. red cloth; red homespun cloth

al-ćereće, n. red coat

al-ćergelet, see: al-ćereće

aldomaš, see: aldumaš

aldumaš, aldumašče, n. gratuity; tip

al-duvak, n. red veil

Ale, see: Alija

Alečko, see: Alija

aleć selam, see: alejk selam

alejć selam, see: alejk selam

alejhilane, alejhillane, n. devil

alejhiselam, Alejhiselam, may God bless him!

alejk selam!, alejć selam!, aleć selam! peace be upon you, too!

alejkumu-selam!, alejćumu-selam! peace be upon you, too!

alem, n. 1. crescent (the top decorative element on a minaret); peak (of a minaret); 2. world; universe

alem, n. precious stone; diamond

Aleman, see: Alaman

Alemdar, Muslim male name

alemperka, n. a mythological bird with wings made of diamond

alen, alev, adj. red; bright red

alev, adj. bright red

al-fes, n. red fez

alica, n. type of big red cherry; 2. red color for a beverage

alidžija, n. 1. suitor; wooer; 2. buyer; customer

Aliđun, n. St. Elias’ Day

Alifakovac, name of a neighborhood in Sarajevo

alifet, see: halifa

aligrah, n. runner bean; scarlet runner bean

Alija (Ale, Alečko, Aljo, Aljuš), Muslim male name

Alija, Muslim female name

alija, see: halija

alijeriti, v. to sneak

alijul’ala (alijjul’-ala), adj. excellent (high school grade in Islamic school)

alilučina, see: halilučina

aliluk, see: haliluk

alim, n. learned man; religious scholar

Ali-Osman, n. Osmanović dynasty

ališkin, ališkan, adj. accustomed (to); used (to)

ališma, n. habit; practice; usage; familiarity

alištisati, v. to get used (to); to grow familiar (with); to get accustomed (to)

ališ-veriš, ališveriš, n. 1. buying and selling; trade; 2. underhand dealing; scheming

alka, see: halka

alkali, see: halkali

al-katmer, n. red carnation

alkermes, n. food coloring

al-koran, al-kuran, n. the Qur’an (the Koran)

Allah, God; Allah

alma, n. (bot.) apple

alma-ćurak, n. fur made of the cheek pieces of fox skin

almadi, (indecl.) he/she didn’t take it

al-mak, n. cultivated poppy

almas, elmas, almaz, elmaz, n. 1. diamond; 2. diamond glass cutter

Almas, Muslim male name, (see: almas)

Almasa, Muslim female name,(see: almas)

almasi, adj. pale-rosy (color)

almasija, n. fruit jelly

almasli, adj. decorated with precious stone

alovan, see: alovit

alovit, arlovit, arlovija, arlovijast, alovan I halovit, harlovit, harlovija, harlovijast, halovan, kalovit, adj. violent; fierce; unpredictable; mad; wild; furious

al-pašmage, n. red slippers

alterisati, see: arterisati

alti, n. (num.) six

altiluk, n. old Turkish silver money

altin, see: altun

altiparmak, n. man with six fingers on one hand

Altiparmaković, Muslim last name; (see: altiparmak)

altipatlak, n. six-shooter (revolver)

altmiš, (num.) sixty

altun, altin, n. gold; gold coin

altunbaš, n. 1. arsenic; 2. gold-headed

altuni, adj. golden

altun-oluk, n. golden gutter on the Kaba building (Mecca)

altun-top, n. 1. golden cannon; 2. (bot.) grapefruit

altust učiniti, v. to turn upside down; to mess up

alufa, n. (type of) government salary

alufedžija, n. person who receives a government salary called "alufa" (example: soldiers)

alva, alvadžija, see: halva, halvadžija

alvadžinica, see: halvadžinica

alvaluk, see: halvaluk

alvat, alvatan, see: halvat, halvatan

al-zambak, see: zambak

aljav, adj. untidy; messy

aljkav, adj. careless; slovenly

Aljo, see: Alija

Aljuš, see: Alija

ama, ema, (conj.) but; still; yet

ama-ha, adv.1. just; 2. just right

amajlija, see: hamajlija

amakluk, n. stupidity

amal, see: hamal

amalgram, see: armagan

amam, amamdžija, amamdžik, see: hamam, hamamdžija, etc.

aman! 1. oh!; help!; mercy!; 2. for God’s sake; 3. asking for forgivness; 4. please

aman, see: haman

amanat, see: amanet

aman-derman, for goodness sake, help!

amanet, amanat, emanet, 1. will; testament; 2. (dati u amanet = to entrust with; to impose a duty upon); charge with; 3. package mailed with a declared value; 4. engagement gift

amanetiti, v. to give an amanet to the girlfriend (see: amanet 4.)

amanetnik, n. official book (register) for mailed packages; 2. a type of thread

aman-jarabi!, see: aman

aman-zaman, aman-zeman, (interj.) poetic rendition (adaptation); Oh God!

ambar, anbar, hambar, hanbar, n. 1. granary; grain silo; barn; 2. warehouse; magazine; 3. bottom part of a coffee grinder

amber, anber, ambra, n. 1. ambergris; 2. amber

amber, n. type of Indian rice

amberboj, amberbuj, n. sweet sultan (flower)

amberija, n. an alcoholic beverage

ambisati se, v. to decay

ambra, see: amber

ambrel, ambrela, n. umbrella

ambulja, n. 1. winter coat; 2. bag; sack; 3. rags

amel, n. 1. work; action; deed; 2. performance

amelimanda, n. 1. idler; parasite; 2. disabled person

Amentu-billahi, (indecl.) I believe in God

ametice, ametom, (hametice, hametom), adv. entirely; completely; every single one; thoroughly

amidža, n. 1. (paternal) uncle; 2. sir (polite form of address to an older man)

amidžična, n. daughter of (paternal) uncle

amidžić, n. son of (paternal) uncle

amidžinica, n. aunt; wife of father’s brother

Amila, Muslim female name

amin!, (interj.) amen!

Amina, Muslim female name

aminanje, 1. to keep saying amin; 2. to agree (to)

aminaš, n. 1. person who says amin; 2. person who approves everything; yes-man

aminati, v. 1. to say amin; 2. to agree (to); to approve

aminkovati, v. to say amin

aminovati, v. 1. to say amin; 2. to agree (to)

amir, n. commander; superior; chief

Amir, Muslim male name

Amira, Muslim female name

amišnost, n. 1. greed; avidity; lust; 2. craftiness; slyness

amme-sufara, n. a book that contains 30th section of the Koran

amo, adv. here; this way

am-pamuk, see: ham-pamuk

amper, n. bucket

ampoširati, v. wheedle

Amra, Muslim female name

amrel, ambrel, see: ambrela

amulet, see: hamajlija

amurluk, see: hamurluk

an, see: han

Anadol, Anadolija, n. Anatolia

Anadolac, n. citizen of Anatolia; Anatolian

analfabet, n. illiterate

anamo, adv. there

anda, n. day

andarmolja, n. trifle

andisati, v. 1. to send (a letter); 2. to call to mind; to remember; to think (of)

andrak, n. devil

andramolje, see: andarmolja

andrmolj, andrmolja, see: andarmolja

anduz, n. (bot.) elecampane

andžak, adv. 1. but; however; 2. just now; right now; 3. only; solely; 4. not until

andžar, see: handžar

anektirati, v. to annex

anež, n. food

angarija, n. 1. hard work; forced labor; 2. drudgery

angir, see: ajgir

aniti, v. to eat

ankakuš, n. a huge mythological bird

anladumi!, aladumi!, understand it!

anladumiti, aladumiti, v. to understand; to comprehend

anladunmi? Did you understand?

anlaisati, anlajisati, v. to understand

anlaser, n. starter (on an automobile)

anonsa, n. advertisement; information; note

anonsirati, v. to advertise; to inform; to make it known

ansta, n. apartment

anšantirati, v. to fascinate; to charm

anšerirati, v. to bid

antanta, n. understanding; entente

anterija, hanterija, n. type of long-sleeved blouse; loose robe; dress

anteriluk, n. sufficient piece of material to make an anterija (see: anterija)

antika, n. 1. antique; 2. rare item (thing)

antikali, adj. interesting man or thing

antikvarnica, n. antique shop

antilopke, antilop cipele, n. suede shoes

antre, n. entrance; vestibule

anjež, see: anež

ap, see: hap

ap-ačik, adj. completely understandable; clear; evident

aparlaisati, see: haparlaisati

apaš, n. hoodlum; cheater; swindler; tough; rowdy

ap-ašićare, adv. clearly

apcigati, v. to masturbate

apoen, n. 1. denomination (currency); 2. money needed to settle a debt

aportirati, v. to retrieve (of a dog)

aprilili, (interj.) April fool!

aps, apsana, apsar, apsiti, see: haps, hapsana

apst, see: hapst

apstrahirati, apstrahovati, v. to abstract

apšenik, hapšenik, n. prisoner

apta, n. (bot.) sambucus

ar, see: ahar

ar (har), n. 1. shame; 2. are (100 square meters)

arab, arabat, arabatija, see: harab, harabat, etc.

araba, n. cart; carriage

arabadžija, rabadžija, n. driver; coachman; carter

arabadžiluk, rabadžiluk, n. profession of a carter

arabatija, see: harabatija

Arabistan, n. Arabia

arač, aračlija, see: harač, haračlija

aračadžija, n. tailor

araisati, arajisati, v. to give pleasure; to enjoy/relish a thing; to be good (for)

arajdati se, v. to cheer up; to brighten up; to be happy

arak, n. sheet

arakčin, rakčin, n. white cotton under cap

araluk (haraluk), n. 1. space; interval; gap; opening; 2. corridor; passageway

aram, arambaša, aramija, see: haram, harambaša, haramija

aramzada, see: haramzada

aran, see: haran

aranija, see: haranija

Arap (arap), n. 1. Arab; 2. man with a dark skin; 3. black man; 4. sly man

arar, see: harar

araret, see: hararet

aratos, adv. (aratos te bilo! = go to hell!)

aratosiljati se, see: ratosiljati se

Arbanas, n. Albanian

arbija, see: harbija

arčalija, see: harčalija

arčiti, see: harčiti

ardal, ardalija, see: hardal, hardalija

ardenč, ardič, n. spruce tree

ardija, n. warehouse; storage

ardiškati, v. to get/pluck up courage; to dare

ardov, n. large barrel

ardžija, n. stableboy

arebica, n. Serbo-Croatian/Bosnian text written in Arabic alphabet

Arefat, Arafat, n. name of a sacred hill near Mecca

arem, aremluk, see: harem, haremluk

arenda, n. lease

arendirati, v. 1. to take on lease; 2. to lease out

Arfa-đun, n. a day before Bayram

argat, n. loophole (for rifle fire)

argat, argatin, argatluk, see: irgat, irgatin, irgatluk

argatovati, see: irgatovati

Arif, Muslim male name

Arifa, Muslim female name

arka, n. 1. the back (rear part); 2. backing; support; 3. backer; supporter

arkadaš, akardaš, n. friend; companion; colleague

arkali, adj. 1. having a backing; 2. long; big

arkaluk, n. part of armor that covers the back

ar-kapija, n. back door/gate (for animals and carts)

arkaš, n. rear, raised part of a saddle

arlakača, n. chatterbox

arlati, v. 1. to talk; 2. to talk nonsense

arlauk, arlaukanje, n. howling; 2. noise

arlauknuti, arlaukati, v. 1. to howl; to growl; 2. to scream in pain

arli, adj. strong; powerful

arliti se, v. to become red; to redden

arlovati, see: halabučiti

armagan, harmagan, amalgam, n. 1. gift; present; 2. prize; award

arman, see: harman

armudija, n. 1. pear-shaped ornament on Turkish trousers; 2. pocket with the ornament

armut, n. (bot.) pear

Arnaut, Albanian

Arnautlija, Albanian

Arnautluk, n. 1. Albania; 2. Albanian section of a town

arnjevi, n. (plur.) cover (on a wagon, cart)

arpa, n. (bot.) barley

arpadžik, n. (bot.) onion bulb

arpaluk, n. 1. salary; 2. manufacture of Balkan peasant footwear

arpasuj, n. 1. water from cooked barley; 2. beer

arpaš, n. barley mash

arsa, n. construction site; building site; vacant lot

arsenal; n. arsenal

arslan, n. 1. lion; 2. hero; 3. rowdy

Arslan, Muslim male name

arsuz, 1. (n.) impudent person; 2. (adj.) impudent; brash; evil

arsuzluk, n. 1. impudence; 2. anger; wickedness

aršin, n. 1. measurement of length (60 - 70 cm); 2. standard

aršlama, see: ašlama

arterisati, alterisati, v. to overbid (at an auction)

artija, see: hartija

arum, see: arun

arun, see: harun

arvanija, see: harvanija

arz, n. petition

Arzija, Muslim female name

arziti, harziti, v. report; to inform on/against; to accuse petition; application; memorandum

arzlak, harzlak, n. caliber

arz-odaja, arzi-odaja, n. salon; showroom

arzohal, see: arzuval

arzuhal, see: arzuval

arzuval, n. petition; request

a.s., see: alejhiselam

asaba, n. relatives in the male line

asabaluk, n. kinship in the male line

Asaf, Asif, Muslim male name

asak, jasak, n. something that is forbidden by law

asalete, asaleten, adv. definitely; certainly

asar, n. 1. tracks; trails; footprints; signs; 2. works of art; literary works

asas, hasas, n. night guard

asazbaša, n. commander of night guards

asekurisati, v. to insure

asfija, n. people with good hearts

ashab, (plur.) ashabi, n. companion of the Prophet

ashabi-feraiz, n. legal heirs

asi, adj. disobedient; insubordinate

Asif, see: Asaf

Asifa, Muslim female name

asija, hasija, hasi, n. 1. sinner; bully; 2. rebel

asiluk, hasiluk, n. 1. wantonness; 2. rebelliousness

Asim, Muslim male name

asi (hasi) se učiniti, v. to become oppressive/despotic/tyrannical; to become disobedient

asker, ašćer, n. soldier; troops

askerija, ašćerija, n. 1. army; troops; military; 2. type of tax

askerluk, ašćerluk, n. military service

askeruša, n. (female) soldier

asket, n. ascetic

asli, adv. surely; probably; really

asma, hasma, n. 1. vine; grapevine; 2. earthen stove

asna, see: hasna

asniti, see: hasniti

asol, asoliti, see: hasul, hasuliti

aspida, n. 1. poisonous snake; 2. mean woman

aspra, n. type of coin

aspurli, adj. dark red color

aspurlija, aspura, haspurlija, n. thin, red head scarf

asta, astalenisati se, see: hasta, hastalenisati se

astal, hastal, n. table

astar, hastar, n. 1. lining; 2. thin, white cotton material for wrapping dead bodies

astrolab, see: usturlab

asul, see: hasul

asum, see: hasum

asura, see: hasura

aša, ašati, see: haša, hašati

aša-jokari, adv. here and there; up and down

ašar, n. property tax

ašarija, ašariluk, see: hašarija, hašariluk

ašar-memur, n. tax collector

ašati, v. to lie

ašče, see: akča

aščibaša, ahčibaša, n. (head) cook; chef of kitchen

aščibula, aščikaduna, n. female (head) cook

aščija, ahčija, n. cook

aščika, aščikaduna, ahčika, ahčikaduna, n. female cook

aščiluk, ahčiluk, Aščiluk, n. 1. cooking; culinary art; 2. part of the town with public kitchens

aščinica, aščinca, ahčinica, ahčinca, n. 1. public kitchen; 2. Turkish-style restaurant

ašćare, see: ašićare

ašćer, ašćerija, ašćerluk, see: asker, askerija

ašena, adj. skillful; familiar with; knowledgeable

ašere, n. recitation of ten subsections from the Koran

ašerma, ašrma, see: hašerma

ašićare, adv. openly; clearly; publicly; obviously

Ašida, Šida, Muslim female name

ašigdžija, see: ašikčija

ašik, n. 1. lover; suitor; gallant; 2. absent-minded person; 3. flirting; 4. (adj.) in love

ašik, see: ašk

ašikčija, ašigdžija, n. gallant; suitor

ašiklija, n. 1. lover; sweetheart; 2. love song

ašikluk, n. flirting

ašik-momče, n. young man who flirts

Ašikovac, name of an area in Sarajevo

ašikovanje, n. flirting

ašikovati, v. 1. to flirt; 2. to fall in love with; to be in love

ašik-pendžer, n. window through which lovers flirt

ašik-sazlija; n. one who plays love songs on tamburitza

ašik se učiniti, v. 1. to fall in love; 2. to desire; to want; to long for

Ašira, Muslim female name

ašiš, see: hašiš

ašk, ašik, n. love; passion

aškar, ašikar, adj. clear; obvious

aškosum!, ačkosum!, aškolsun!, (interj.) bravo!; well done!

aškullah, n. love toward God

aškuna!, (interj.) cheers!; long live!

ašlama, aršlama, n. type of cherry

ašlamača, n. meal made from ašlama(s) (cherries)

ašluk, see: hašluk

ašure, hašure, n. 1. Shiite Muslim holiday; 2. stewed fruit

at, hat, n. (zoo.) horse

Ata, see: Atija

atar, hatar, n. district; area

atar, attar, n. pharmacist; druggist

atar, atariti, see: hatar, hatariti

ater, ateriti, see: hater, hateriti

aterirati, v. to land (an airplane)

ateš, n. 1. fire; 2. fever; 3. danger

ateši, adj. of fiery color

atešlije, adj. fiery (eyes)

atešluk, n. firepan; upper part of brazier

atešten-emin, atešteremin, adj. fire-resistant

Atif, Tifo, Ato, Muslim male name

Atifa, Tifa, Muslim female name

Atija, Ata, Muslim female name

Atlagić, last name (see: atlija)

atlas, see: atlaz

atlaz, n. 1. satin; 2. atlas; map book

atlija, n. 1. horseman; 2. cavalry

atmadža, akmadža, n. (zoo.) sparrow-hawk

atmejdan, at-mejdan, n. 1. horse racetrack; 2. outdoor market place for selling/buying horses

ator, atoriti, see: hatar, hatariti

atula, see: hatula

atur, aturiti, see: hatar, hatariti

auspuf, auspuh, n. exhaust (on an automobile)

av, see: hav

ava, see: hava

avaj, (interj.) oh!; alas!

avaje, avajija, see: havaje, havajija

Avala, name of a mountain near Belgrade

avam, n. (plur.) common people; lower classes

avan, see: havan

avans, n. advance payment

avanzirati, avanzovati, v. to be promoted; to advance

avanzman, n. promotion (in rank, at work)

avanzovati, see: avanzirati

avarija, see: havarija

avarisati, see: ovarisati

avariz, avariz akča, n. special taxes

avaz, n. 1. voice; 2. shout; cry

avazile, adv. loudly; in a loud voice

Avdan, see: Abdulah

avdes, avdesli, avdeslija, see: abdes, abdesli, etc.

Avdić, last name

avdisalatin, abdusalatin, n. caper spurge (flower)

Avdo, see: Abdulah

avdžibaša, n. chief (head) of hunters

avdžija, n. hunter

avdžijati, v. to hunt

avdžiluk, n. hunting

avdžiti, v. to hunt

avertiti se, averćivati se, v. to regain consciousness

avet, n. ghost; specter

avetan, havetan, adv. ghostly; weird; possessed

avetati, havetati, v. 1. to rave; to be delirious; to be stark mad; 2. to talk nonsense

avetinja, havetinja, n. 1. ghost; specter; 2. unintelligible person; naïve person; 3. unattractive person

avgust, august, August

aviza, n. notice

avizati, avizirati, v. to inform; to notify; to remind

avlat, see: havlat

avlija, n. courtyard

avlija, see: havlija

avra, see: havra

avranija, see: havranija

avret, n. private parts; genitals

avs, avsana, see: haps, hapsana

aza, n. board/committee member; participant

azab, azap, n. 1. pain; torment; torture; 2. suffering; trouble; 2. punishment in the next world; 3. member of military

Azabagić, last name (see: azap)

azab činiti, v. to torture; to torment

(na) azabu biti, v. to suffer torments

azad, adj. freed; liberated

azad učiniti, v. to free someone; to liberate someone

azap, azab, n. 1. member of army in the Ottoman Empire; 2. bachelor

azapaga, azabaga, n. commander

azbašča, az-bašča, see: hazbašča

Azbukovica, n. name of a region in Serbia

azdisati, v. to be mad/crazy/wild about something

azgin, adj. wild; mad; furious; fierce

azginlučiti se, v. to behave as a mad/crazy/wild person

azginluk, n. wildness; fierceness; madness

azgin-pušćenica, n. mad/crazy/wild divorcee

azimut, n. azimuth

Aziz, Zisko, Muslim male name

Aziza, Ziza, Muslim female name

azizallah!, (interj.) God is mighty!