Pain Management Solutions: Managing Pain in Stages
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About this ebook
Pain is universal. This can be traced from the first toothache evidence in fossil remains of a human jawbone to todays pharmacies packed with a huge spectrum of over-the-counter medications. Millions of people seek treatment for pain every year. In Pain Management Solutions, author Debra S. Cole explores issues related to different types of pain and offers a visionary five-stage approach to pain management.
Cole provides a holistic process to help patients address pain issues due to injury or medical conditions. A comprehensive tool, Pain Management Solutions addresses current pain treatments and considers the various stages of the process of dealing with pain:
The crisis stage of pain
The fix-it stage
The management stage
The rebuilding stage
The resolution stage
Presented in a complete and easy-to-understand manner, Cole offers strategies for coping with pain to help patients rebuild their lives. This guide provides hope and inspiration for anyone who struggles with both physical and emotional pain.
Debra S. Cole
Debra S. Cole, MEd, LPC, is a psychotherapist and behavioral medical consultant. Cole provides psychological support for patients whose lives have been interrupted by chronic pain at her practice, Southwest Behavioral Healthcare, in Austin, Texas.
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Book preview
Pain Management Solutions - Debra S. Cole
PAIN
MANAGEMENT
SOLUTIONS
MANAGING PAIN IN STAGES
iUniverse, Inc.
Bloomington
Pain Management Solutions
Managing Pain in Stages
Copyright © 2012 Debra S. Cole
Edited by Karen A. Stephenson
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be used or reproduced by any means, graphic, electronic, or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, taping or by any information storage retrieval system without the written permission of the publisher except in the case of brief quotations embodied in critical articles and reviews.
The information, ideas, and suggestions in this book are not intended as a substitute for professional medical advice. Before following any suggestions contained in this book, you should consult your personal physician. Neither the author nor the publisher shall be liable or responsible for any loss or damage allegedly arising as a consequence of your use or application of any information or suggestions in this book.
iUniverse books may be ordered through booksellers or by contacting:
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Because of the dynamic nature of the Internet, any Web addresses or links contained in this book may have changed since publication and may no longer be valid. The views expressed in this work are solely those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the views of the publisher, and the publisher hereby disclaims any responsibility for them.
Any people depicted in stock imagery provided by Thinkstock are models, and such images are being used for illustrative purposes only.
Certain stock imagery © Thinkstock.
ISBN: 978-1-4759-4617-8 (sc)
ISBN: 978-1-4759-4618-5 (hc)
ISBN: 978-1-4759-4619-2 (e)
Library of Congress Control Number: 2012915322
iUniverse rev. date: 9/11/2012
In Memory of my Mother,
Ava M. Brown
Acknowledgments
To the many patients who have shared their inspirational lives with me and for having the courage to take the journey of rebuilding life after crisis, I thank and applaud you.
To my family and friends, thank you for cheering me on in love and support.
Lastly, I thank my Mother, Ava M. Brown, for teaching me to believe in the never-ending possibilities of tomorrow.
Advance Praise for Pain Management Solutions
An excellent guide to the stages of personal pain management.
—Mark T. Malone MD, Advanced Pain Care
Clear and concise, this book functions as an excellent guide for pain management providers of all types. I recommend it.
—James Koch, PA-C
Debra Cole writes a brilliant book and gives her expertise in a step-by-step approach from understanding chronic pain to solutions for coping with this debilitating disease. Debra’s compassion, determination and dedication to help her patients control their pain shines through on every well written page.
—Jeff W. Fluitt DC, Austin Spine and Sports Rehabilitation
Great Book, easy-to-read guide in helping to manage pain.
—Mary K. Brieske, MEd, NCC
Preface
Debra S. Cole, MEd, LPC, is a licensed professional counselor and behavioral medical consultant. Her practice, Southwest Behavioral Healthcare is located in Austin, Texas. For over a decade, she has provided psychological support for those whose lives have been interrupted by chronic pain, medical conditions and injuries. In addition to providing behavioral services, she has facilitated a chronic pain support group. In working with chronic pain patients, Cole has developed unique and trusted techniques to help those suffering with chronic pain successfully rebuild their lives.
Cole has gathered empirical research throughout her years of work and with a visionary approach has used this research in developing a very unique strategy for pain management. The five stage process and the pie
approach is what Pain Management Solutions is all about.
Cole has built a professional network of well-respected pain management physicians, orthopedic surgeons, chiropractors, psychiatrists, neurologists and general physicians.
She is a member of the Texas Counseling Association, the Texas Pain Society, and the American Academy of Pain Management.
At her Austin, Texas practice, Cole has trained her staff in the pain management stages and the pie paradigm she developed; they have also seen incredible gains when using these approaches.
Contents
Acknowledgments
Advance Praise for Pain Management Solutions
Preface
INTRODUCTION
A Brief History of Pain Management
CHAPTER ONE
Current Pain Treatments
CHAPTER TWO
Crisis Stage of Pain
CHAPTER THREE
The Fix-It Stage
CHAPTER FOUR
The Management Stage
CHAPTER FIVE
The Rebuilding Stage
CHAPTER SIX
The Resolution Stage
Summary
Resources
Sources
INTRODUCTION
A Brief History of Pain Management
PAIN IS UNIVERSAL. THIS can be traced throughout time from the first toothache evidence in fossil remains of a human jawbone to today’s pharmacies packed with a huge spectrum of over-the-counter (OTC) medications. Millions of people seek treatment for pain every year. Seven million Americans are diagnosed with back pain alone. Anyone who has suffered with pain knows that it can be relentless. Living with arthritic pain, headaches, cancer pain, or pain from injury, day in and day out can become overwhelming. Pain can also be the result of a crisis, such as a person being attacked, or injured in an accident.
The most common reason an individual seeks medical attention is due to pain, yet it is the most underestimated healthcare problem in America today. Acute pain is a symptom of injury or disease, chronic pain is a disease in its own right. Pain is a warning signal. People do not die of pain, although many die in pain and countless people constantly live in pain.
Pain is a huge contributing factor in work absenteeism and loss of productivity. Deeply examining the root cause is a critical step in treatment. Once the root cause has been determined, only then can effective pain management strategies be implemented. Pain is even recognized globally as being a serious problem, so much so that since 2001 there has been a designated Global Day Against Pain
every October.
No two people are alike; therefore, pain is unique. Discomfort for some may be intense for others. The degree of pain depends on an individual’s biological, psychological and cultural makeup. It is these insights that a professional health care provider must take into consideration when understanding pain and how to manage it.
Historically, pain was once viewed as just a symptom. Since discovering that pain can be an illness unto itself, strategies to manage pain have also evolved. Persistent pain, or chronic pain, is not best served by only taking medicines; other strategies must be implemented in order to be effective. A comprehensive approach includes many areas such as exercise, behavioral changes and relaxation skills.
Pain management has a fascinating history in which the origins date back to the use of opioids in 5000 BC. Sumerian clay tablets reveal the earliest written reference to the cultivation of opium. Archeologists translated one of the Sumerian ideographs for poppies as being the joy plant.
The following is a brief timeline of how pain was managed throughout the centuries.
• 1500 BC: The willow bark is mentioned an Egyptian medical text, the Ebers Papyrus. Willow was reported then as having pain and fever-reducing abilities.
• 800 BC: Ancient Greeks used opioids for medicinal and recreational purposes.
• 400 BC: Hippocrates, the father of modern medicine, used powder made from the leaves and bark of the willow tree to provide relief from pain and headaches.
• 80 AD: Greek physician Pedanius Dioscorides compiled a collection of cures to manage and eliminate pain that included willow bark. This five volume collection was circulated in Greek, Latin, and Arabic.
• 1527 AD: After a long period of disuse, Auroleus Phillipus Theostratus Bombastus von Hohenheim, (immortalized as Paracelsus), reintroduced opioids to European medicine to help manage pain. Paracelsus travelled to Arabia and returned to Europe with laudanum (a mixture of alcohol and opium).
• 1660’s AD: Thomas Sydenham popularized the use of laudanum as an effective form of pain management.
• 1804 AD: Friedrich Wilhelm Adam Sertürner, a German pharmacist, isolated the active ingredient in opium naming it morphium. He was the first person to successfully isolate an active ingredient with a medicinal herb or plant.
• 1832 AD: Codeine was first isolated