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    Pancreas, Functions, Diseases, A Simple Guide To The Condition, Diagnosis, Treatment And Related Conditions
    Pancreas, Functions, Diseases, A Simple Guide To The Condition, Diagnosis, Treatment And Related Conditions
    Pancreas, Functions, Diseases, A Simple Guide To The Condition, Diagnosis, Treatment And Related Conditions
    Ebook134 pages1 hour

    Pancreas, Functions, Diseases, A Simple Guide To The Condition, Diagnosis, Treatment And Related Conditions

    By Kenneth Kee

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    About this ebook

    This book describes Pancreas, Functions, Diseases, Diagnosis and Treatment and Related Diseases
    The pancreas is a glandular organ in the digestive system and endocrine system of humans.
    It is both:
    1.An endocrine gland (Islet cell 1%) producing several important hormones including insulin, glucagon, somatostatin and pancreatic polypeptide.
    2.A digestive organ (Ductal Cell 99%), secreting pancreatic juice containing digestive enzymes that assist the absorption of nutrients and the digestion in the small intestine
    The pancreas is a firm gland measuring 20-25cm in length, 4-6cm in width and 3-4cm in depth.
    It is firmly attached in the back of the abdominal cavity behind the stomach.
    The pancreas is divided into 5 parts
    1.The head is closely connected to the duodenum which is the first part of the small intestine into which the stomach empties liquids and partially digested food
    2.The uncinate process is an extension of the lower part of the head of the gland which surrounds important blood vessels
    3.The neck is the constricted part between the head and the body
    4.The body lies behind the stomach
    5.The tail is the left end of the pancreas closely attached to the central part of the spleen with which it shares a common blood supply
    Pancreatic Duct
    Passing along the length of the pancreas within its center is the main pancreatic duct which empties pancreatic juice into the duodenum.
    Also passing through the middle of the head of the pancreas is the main bile duct which also empties into the duodenum
    The main bile duct carries bile from the liver where it is made and also from the gallbladder where it is stored.
    In most people the pancreas duct and bile duct join together just before they open into the duodenum through a large fleshy nipple called the ampulla of Vater.
    Surrounding the openings of each of these ducts are small muscles that control the release of pancreas juice and bile and thus act as valves.
    There is also a valve that regulates the pancreas juice and bile together and this sits in the ampulla (called the sphincter of Oddi).
    The pancreas function together during meals:
    1.To help digest the food (the exocrine pancreas).
    2.To inform the rest of the body that food is being digested and absorbed and on their way to other cells of the body (the endocrine pancreas).
    In this way the person gets constant feedback on the adequacy of nutrition in the body.
    The majority of the pancreas is composed of exocrine cells (acinar and Pancreatic stellate cells).
    MY STORY as a Pancreatic Cell
    My name is Pancreas Man the Pancreatic Duct Cell.
    was named Pancreas Man by my friends who feel that Pancreas Man is the most suitable name of a cell from the pancreas of the human body.
    My brother the Insulin Man comes from the cell in the Islets of Langerhans of the pancreas
    Unlike me he produces the insulin hormone in the body while I help to produce the digestive enzymes.
    My acinar cells make powerful digestive enzymes that can dissolve complex vegetables and meats turning them into liquids.
    The enzymes are made in an inactive form (zymogens) to keep the pancreas from digesting itself.
    We duct cells make fluid that mixes with the zymogens to make pancreatic juice.
    The juice then mixes with the food as it leaves the stomach.
    The juice has high concentrations of bicarbonate which neutralizes stomach acid
    The pancreatic juice flows from my acinar cells to the first part of the small intestine called the duodenum.
    Digestion of food which consists of carbohydrates, proteins and fat is not possible without the action of my pancreas.
    My main pancreatic duct and the main bile duct join up together so that my pancreatic juice and bile acids help digestion.

    TABLE OF CONTENT
    Introduction
    Chapter 1 Pancreas
    Chapter 2 Functions
    Chapter 3 Life Cycle
    Chapter 4 Diseases
    Chapter 5 Pan

    LanguageEnglish
    PublisherKenneth Kee
    Release dateJan 24, 2019
    ISBN9780463629093
    Pancreas, Functions, Diseases, A Simple Guide To The Condition, Diagnosis, Treatment And Related Conditions
    Author

    Kenneth Kee

    Medical doctor since 1972.Started Kee Clinic in 1974 at 15 Holland Dr #03-102, relocated to 36 Holland Dr #01-10 in 2009.Did my M.Sc (Health Management ) in 1991 and Ph.D (Healthcare Administration) in 1993.Dr Kenneth Kee is still working as a family doctor at the age of 74However he has reduced his consultation hours to 3 hours in the morning and 2 hours inthe afternoon.He first started writing free blogs on medical disorders seen in the clinic in 2007 on http://kennethkee.blogspot.com.His purpose in writing these simple guides was for the health education of his patients which is also his dissertation for his Ph.D (Healthcare Administration). He then wrote an autobiography account of his journey as a medical student to family doctor on his other blog http://afamilydoctorstale.blogspot.comThis autobiography account “A Family Doctor’s Tale” was combined with his early “A Simple Guide to Medical Disorders” into a new Wordpress Blog “A Family Doctor’s Tale” on http://ken-med.com.From which many free articles from the blog was taken and put together into 1000 eBooks.He apologized for typos and spelling mistakes in his earlier books.He will endeavor to improve the writing in futures.Some people have complained that the simple guides are too simple.For their information they are made simple in order to educate the patients.The later books go into more details of medical disorders.He has published 1000 eBooks on various subjects on health, 1 autobiography of his medical journey, another on the autobiography of a Cancer survivor, 2 children stories and one how to study for his nephew and grand-daughter.The purpose of these simple guides is to educate patient on health disorders and not meant as textbooks.He does not do any night duty since 2000 ever since Dr Tan had his second stroke.His clinic is now relocated to the Buona Vista Community Centre.The 2 units of his original clinic are being demolished to make way for a new Shopping Mall.He is now doing some blogging and internet surfing (bulletin boards since the 1980's) startingwith the Apple computer and going to PC.The entire PC is upgraded by himself from XT to the present Pentium duo core.The present Intel i7 CPU is out of reach at the moment because the CPU is still expensive.He is also into DIY changing his own toilet cistern and other electric appliance.His hunger for knowledge has not abated and he is a lifelong learner.The children have all grown up and there are 2 grandchildren who are even more technically advanced than the grandfather where mobile phones are concerned.This book is taken from some of the many articles in his blog (now with 740 posts) A Family Doctor’s Tale.Dr Kee is the author of:"A Family Doctor's Tale""Life Lessons Learned From The Study And Practice Of Medicine""Case Notes From A Family Doctor"

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      Book preview

      Pancreas, Functions, Diseases, A Simple Guide To The Condition, Diagnosis, Treatment And Related Conditions - Kenneth Kee

      Pancreas,

      Functions, Diseases,

      A

      Simple

      Guide

      To

      The Condition,

      Diagnosis,

      Treatment

      And

      Related Conditions

      By

      Dr Kenneth Kee

      M.B.,B.S. (Singapore)

      Ph.D (Healthcare Administration)

      Copyright Kenneth Kee 2019 Smashwords Edition

      Published by Kenneth Kee at Smashwords.com

      Dedication

      This book is dedicated

      To my wife Dorothy

      And my children

      Carolyn, Grace

      And Kelvin

      This book describes Pancreas, Functions, Diseases, Diagnosis and Treatment and Related Diseases which is seen in some of my patients in my Family Clinic.

      (What You Need to Treat Pancreas, Functions, Diseases)

      This eBook is licensed for your personal enjoyment only. This eBook may not be re-sold or given away to other people. If you would like to share this book with another person, please purchase an additional copy for each reader.

      If you’re reading this book and did not purchase it, or it was not purchased for your use only, then please return to Smashwords.com and purchase your own copy.

      Thank you for respecting the hard work of this author.

      Introduction

      I have been writing medical articles for my blog: http://kennethkee.blogspot.com (A Simple Guide to Medical Disorder) for the benefit of my patients since 2007.

      My purpose in writing these simple guides was for the health education of my patients.

      Health Education was also my dissertation for my Ph.D (Healthcare Administration).

      I then wrote an autobiolographical account of his journey as a medical student to family doctor on his other blog: http://afamilydoctorstale.blogspot.com.

      This autobiolographical account A Family Doctor’s Tale was combined with my early A Simple Guide to Medical Disorders into a new Wordpress Blog A Family Doctor’s Tale on http://kenkee481.wordpress.com.

      From which many free articles from the blog was taken and put together into 800 eBooks.

      Some people have complained that the simple guides are too simple.

      For their information they are made simple in order to educate the patients.

      The later books go into more details of medical disorders.

      The first chapter is always from my earlier blogs which unfortunately tends to have typos and spelling mistakes.

      Since 2013, I have tried to improve my spelling and writing.

      As I tried to bring the patient the latest information about a disorder or illness by reading the latest journals both online and offline, I find that I am learning more and improving on my own medical knowledge in diagnosis and treatment for my patients.

      Just by writing all these simple guides I find that I have learned a lot from your reviews (good or bad), criticism and advice.

      I am sorry for the repetitions in these simple guides as the second chapters onwards have new information as compared to my first chapter taken from my blog.

      I also find repetition definitely help me and maybe some readers to remember the facts in the books more easily.

      I apologize if these repetitions are irritating to some readers.

      Chapter 1

      Pancreatic Duct Cell

      The pancreas is a glandular organ in the digestive system and endocrine system of humans.

      It is both:

      1. An endocrine gland (Islet cell 1%) producing several important hormones including insulin, glucagon, somatostatin and pancreatic polypeptide.

      2. A digestive organ (Ductal Cell 99%), secreting pancreatic juice containing digestive enzymes that assist the absorption of nutrients and the digestion in the small intestine

      A healthy human pancreas contains about three million of the Islets cells but their total weight is only 1 to 1.5 grams (0.03 to 0.05 ounces) or about 1% of the weight of the pancreas.

      The pancreas is a firm gland measuring 20-25cm in length, 4-6cm in width and 3-4cm in depth.

      It is firmly attached in the back of the abdominal cavity behind the stomach.

      The pancreas is divided into 5 parts

      1. The head,

      2. The uncinate process,

      3. The neck,

      4. The body

      5. The tail.

      1. The head of the gland is closely connected to the duodenum which is the first part of the small intestine into which the stomach empties liquids and partially digested food.

      The head of the gland is located just to the right of the midline of the abdomen and below the right rib-cage.

      2. The uncinate process is an extension of the lower part of the head of the gland which surrounds important blood vessels.

      3. The neck is the constricted part between the head and the body.

      4. The body lies behind the stomach.

      5. The tail is the left end of the pancreas.

      The body and tail of the pancreas lie at an angle so that the tail of the pancreas is situated beneath the extreme edge of the left rib cage.

      The tail of the gland is closely attached to the central part of the spleen with which it shares a common blood supply.

      Running behind the neck and uncinate process are many important blood vessels which supply the liver, the rest of the gut organs and the kidneys, including the aorta and the inferior vena cava

      It lies in contact with the spleen and runs in the lienorenal ligament (a mesenteric fold passing from the spleen to the left kidney and affording support to the splenic artery and vein).

      Blood Supply

      The superior pancreaticoduodenal artery run from the gastroduodenal artery and the inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery from superior mesenteric artery both run in the groove between the pancreas and the duodenum and provide blood to the head of pancreas.

      The pancreatic branches of splenic artery provide blood to the neck, body and tail of the pancreas.

      The largest of those branches is termed the greater pancreatic artery.

      Its occlusion while rare is fatal.

      The aorta takes all the blood to the lower abdomen and legs while the inferior vena cava returns blood from these areas.

      The splenic vein runs immediately under the tail and body of the pancreas and joins with the hepatic portal vein that runs immediately under the neck of the pancreas.

      The body and neck of the pancreas pass its blood into the splenic vein;

      The head passes its blood into the superior mesenteric and portal veins.

      Lymph flows through the splenic, celiac and superior mesenteric lymph nodes.

      Pancreatic Duct

      Passing along the

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