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    Christ Our Passover Has Been Sacrificed: A Guide through Paschal Mystery Spirituality: Mystical Theology in The Roman Missal
    Christ Our Passover Has Been Sacrificed: A Guide through Paschal Mystery Spirituality: Mystical Theology in The Roman Missal
    Christ Our Passover Has Been Sacrificed: A Guide through Paschal Mystery Spirituality: Mystical Theology in The Roman Missal
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    Christ Our Passover Has Been Sacrificed: A Guide through Paschal Mystery Spirituality: Mystical Theology in The Roman Missal

    By Mark G. Boyer

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    Christ Our Passover Has Been Sacrificed examines the paschal mystery as it is presented throughout the liturgical year in The Roman Missal. After offering an in-depth definition of the paschal mystery the author guides the reader through Lent, Holy Week, Easter, Pentecost, and more, mining the riches of paschal mystery spirituality. Biblical accounts interpret the death and resurrection of Jesus; liturgical texts in The Roman Missal present a rich seam of spiritual truth for the reader to apply to his or her life. By remembering Jesus' death and resurrection, Roman Catholics celebrate daily dying and rising to new life. The author serves as a guide through paschal mystery spirituality, while also noting the mystical theology--reflections on experiences of God--represented by the prayers in The Roman Missal, particularly those dealing with Jesus' suffering, death, resurrection, ascension, and gift of the Spirit. Through reflections and meditation questions, readers are invited to name their own personally transforming mystical experiences, which connect them to God in deep levels and move them outward into the community to share spirituality.
    LanguageEnglish
    PublisherWipf and Stock
    Release dateJan 3, 2018
    ISBN9781532642234
    Christ Our Passover Has Been Sacrificed: A Guide through Paschal Mystery Spirituality: Mystical Theology in The Roman Missal
    Author

    Mark G. Boyer

    Mark G. Boyer, a well-known spiritual master, has been writing books on biblical, liturgical, and devotional spirituality for over fifty years. He has authored seventy previous books, including two books of history and one novel. His work prompts the reader to recognize the divine in everyday life. This is his thirtieth Wipf and Stock title.

    Read more from Mark G. Boyer

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      Book preview

      Christ Our Passover Has Been Sacrificed - Mark G. Boyer

      9781532642210.kindle.jpg

      Christ Our Passover Has Been Sacrificed

      A Guide through Paschal Mystery Spirituality Mystical Theology in The Roman Missal
      figure%2001..jpg

      Mark G. Boyer

      9534.png

      Christ Our Passover Has Been Sacrificed

      A Guide through Paschal Mystery Spirituality: Mystical Theology in The Roman Missal

      Copyright © 2018 Mark G. Boyer. All rights reserved. Except for brief quotations in critical publications or reviews, no part of this book may be reproduced in any manner without prior written permission from the publisher. Write: Permissions, Wipf and Stock Publishers, 199 W. 8th Ave., Suite 3, Eugene, OR 97401.

      Wipf & Stock

      An Imprint of Wipf and Stock Publishers

      199

      W.

      8

      th Ave., Suite

      3

      Eugene, OR

      97401

      www.wipfandstock.com

      paperback isbn: 978-1-5326-4221-0

      hardcover isbn: 978-1-5326-4222-7

      ebook isbn: 978-1-5326-4223-4

      Manufactured in the U.S.A.

      January 30, 2018

      Table of Contents

      Title Page

      Abbreviations

      Notes on the Bible and The Roman Missal

      Introduction

      Chapter 1: The Paschal Mystery

      Chapter 2: Lent and Easter Seasons

      Chapter 3: Palm Sunday

      Chapter 4: Palm Sunday: Suffering is Betrayal for the Matthean Jesus

      Chapter 5: Palm Sunday: Suffering is Abandonment for the Markan Jesus

      Chapter 6: Palm Sunday: Suffering is Martyrdom for the Lukan Jesus

      Chapter 7: Thursday of the Lord’s Supper

      Chapter 8: Friday of the Passion of the Lord: Part 1

      Chapter 9: Friday of the Passion of the Lord: Part 2

      Chapter 10: Friday of the Passion of the Lord: Part 3

      Chapter 11: The Easter Vigil in the Holy Night

      Chapter 12: Easter Sunday of the Resurrection of the Lord

      Chapter 13: The Ascension of the Lord

      Chapter 14: Pentecost Sunday

      Chapter 15: Anointing the Sick

      Chapter 16: Death, Funeral, and Christian Burial

      Chapter 17: Special Celebrations

      Conclusion

      Recent Books by Mark G. Boyer

      Bibliography

      The Church calls us to celebrate the church year as the basic framework for our spiritual lives. Here Mark Boyer, standing in the great liturgical tradition of Adrian Nocent, Louis Bouyer and others, unfolds the richness of the prayers, ritual and readings during the celebration of the paschal mystery from Palm Sunday to Pentecost . . . Boyer’s work will help people recognize the wonderful and life-giving gift offered to us in the liturgies of Christ’s paschal mystery.

      —Harry Hagan, Associate Professor, Saint Meinrad Seminary and School of Theology

      Boyer’s insights into the Paschal Mystery are powerful and timely. This book complements Boyer’s other books and every pastor, worship committee and lay bible study groups will find this book helpful addition to the spiritual experiences of the various liturgies of Holy Week.

      —Vernon Meyer, Pastor, Sun Lakes United Church of Christ, Sun Lakes, Arizona

      figure%2022.jpg

      Dedicated to

      the musician who taught me

      about dying and rising to new life:

      Corbin S. Cole,

      and the psychologist who taught me

      about dying and rising to new life:

      Matthew S. Ver Miller,

      transparent universalizers,

      full of divine love, grace, energy, and Spirit.

      figure%2023.jpg

      It is truly right and just, our duty and our salvation, at all times to acclaim you, O Lord, but in this time above all to laud you yet more gloriously, when Christ our Passover has been sacrificed. For he is the true lamb who has taken away the sins of the world; by dying he has destroyed our death, and by rising, restored our life.

      —Preface I of Easter

      We are always carrying in the body the death of Jesus, so that the life of Jesus may also be made visible in our bodies.

      —2 Cor 4:10

      Very truly, I tell you, unless a grain of wheat falls to the earth and dies, it remains just a single grain; but if it dies, it bears much fruit.

      —John 12:24

       . . . [T]he fundamental meaning of language lies in experience and is often indirect, and . . . we should keep the underlying experience in mind when we interpret religious discourse.

      —James Feist

       . . . Christian spirituality . . . means being filled with the Holy Spirit, which finds expression in our daily self-giving to God and neighbors in imitation of Christ and in a Christian approach to everyday life. Liturgical theology points to the particular action of the Holy Spirit in the liturgy. Liturgical theology also addresses biblical spirituality, since the liturgy continuously places human beings before the face of God in Jesus Christ and confronts their lives with the transforming power of God’s word. Within the sacramental re-presentation of the entire paschal mystery of Christ, this Word takes on a singular power as part of the very nature of the New Covenant. The task of the liturgy is therefore the ongoing transformation of human beings into Christ.

      —Boguslaw Migut

      Wise people have always passed through a major death to their egocentricity. This is the core meaning of transformation.

      —Richard Rohr

      Abbreviations

      Christian Bible (New Testament)

      Acts = Acts of the Apostles

      Col = Letter to the Colossians

      1 Cor = First Letter of Paul to the Corinthians

      2 Cor = Second Letter of Paul to the Corinthians

      Gal = Letter of Paul to the Galatians

      Heb = Letter to the Hebrews

      Jas = Letter of James

      John = John’s Gospel

      Luke = Luke’s Gospel

      Mark = Mark’s Gospel

      Matt = Matthew’s Gospel

      1 Pet = First Letter of Peter

      Phil = Letter of Paul to the Philippians

      Rev = Revelation

      Rom = Letter of Paul to the Romans

      Hebrew Bible (Old Testament)

      Exod = Exodus

      Ezek = Ezekiel

      Gen = Genesis

      Isa = Isaiah

      Joel = Joel

      Josh = Joshua

      2 Kgs = Second Book of Kings

      Lev = Leviticus

      Mal = Malachi

      Num = Numbers

      Ps = Psalm

      1 Sam = First Book of Samuel

      2 Sam = Second Book of Samuel

      Song = Song of Songs (Canticle of Solomon)

      Old Testament (Apocrypha)

      Wis = Wisdom (of Solomon)

      Notes on the Bible and The Roman Missal

      The Bible

      The Bible is divided into two parts: The Hebrew Bible (Old Testament) and the Christian Bible (New Testament). The Hebrew Bible consists of thirty-nine named books accepted by Jews and Protestants as Holy Scripture. The Old Testament also contains those thirty-nine books plus seven to fifteen more named books or parts of books called the Apocrypha or the Deuterocanonical Books; the Old Testament is accepted by Catholics and several other Christian denominations as Holy Scripture. The Christian Bible, consisting of twenty-seven named books, is also called the New Testament; it is accepted by Christians as Holy Scripture. Thus, in this work:

      • Hebrew Bible (Old Testament), abbreviated HB (OT), indicates that a book is found both in the Hebrew Bible and the Old Testament;

      • Old Testament (Apocrypha), abbreviated OT (A), indicates that a book is found only in the Old Testament Apocrypha and not in the Hebrew Bible;

      • and Christian Bible (New Testament), abbreviated CB (NT), indicates that a book is found only in the Christian Bible or New Testament.

      In notating biblical texts, the first number refers to the chapter in the book, and the second number refers to the verse within the chapter. Thus, HB (OT) Isa 7:11 means that the quotation comes from Isaiah, chapter 7, verse 11. OT (A) Sirach 39:30 means that the quotation comes from Sirach, chapter 39, verse 30. CB (NT) Mark 6:2 means that the quotation comes from Mark’s Gospel, chapter 6, verse 2. When more than one sentence appears in a verse, the letters a, b, c, etc. indicate the sentence being referenced in the verse. Thus, HB (OT) 2 Kgs 1:6a means that the quotation comes from the Second Book of Kings, chapter 1, verse 6, sentence 1.

      In the HB (OT) and the OT (A), the reader often sees LORD (note all capital letters). Because God’s name (Yahweh or YHWH, referred to as the Tetragrammaton) is not to be pronounced, the name Adonai (meaning Lord) is substituted for Yahweh when a biblical text is read. When a biblical text is translated and printed, LORD (cf. Gen 2:4) is used to alert the reader to what the text actually states: Yahweh. Furthermore, when the biblical author writes Lord Yahweh, printers present Lord GOD (note all capital letters for GOD; cf. Gen 15:2) to avoid the printed ambiguity of LORD LORD. When the reference is to Jesus, the word printed is Lord (note capital L and lower case letters; cf. Luke 11:1). When writing about a lord (note all lower case letters (cf. Matt 18:25) with servants, no capital L is used.

      The Roman Missal

      The Roman Missal is the book of prayers used by a priest or bishop when celebrating the Eucharist, commonly referred to as saying Mass. In 1970, following the close of the Second Vatican Council, Pope Paul VI issued a new Roman Missal in Latin replacing the one issued by Pope Pius V in 1570 after the close of the Council of Trent. The Missal of Paul VI was emended in 1971 and issued in English in 1974. In 1975, a second edition in Latin was issued by Paul VI; it was issued in English in 1985. A third edition of The Roman Missal was issued in Latin by Pope John Paul II in 2002 and emended in 2008; however, it was not until 2011 that The Roman Missal was issued in English. Thus, all references made to The Roman Missal in this book refer to the 2011 English edition.

      Here are some terms used in The Roman Missal with which the reader may not be familiar:

      Celebration of the Eucharist = The Celebration of the Eucharist, commonly referred to as the Mass, consists of two parts: the Liturgy of the Word (two or three Scripture texts, a homily, the Creed, and General Intercessions) and the Liturgy of the Eucharist (a Eucharistic Prayer, the Our Father, and communion).

      Collect = This is the opening prayer of the Eucharist (Mass) introduced by the priest or bishop with Let us pray. It collects all the prayers of the congregants into one general, all-inclusive prayer.

      Cycles A, B, and C = This designation refers to the three-year cycle of Scripture texts assigned to every Sunday of the liturgical year and found in the Lectionary, a five-volume set of books providing readings for Sundays, Weekdays, and other sacramental celebrations. Cycle A (Matthew’s Gospel) is used in 2020, 2023, 2026, etc. Cycle B (Mark’s Gospel) is used in 2018, 2021, 2024, etc. And Cycle C (Luke’s Gospel) is used in 2019, 2022, 2025, etc. During the weekdays of Lent and Easter, the biblical texts remain the same every year.

      Easter Season = The Easter Season begins on Easter Sunday of the Resurrection of the Lord and lasts for fifty days. It ends with Pentecost Sunday. Easter Sunday is the first Sunday after the first full moon after the Spring or Vernal Equinox.

      Eucharistic Prayer = This is the most important prayer of the Mass prayed by a priest or a bishop. During the narrative of all thirteen choices, the priest or bishop takes bread and remembers what Jesus did before he died—giving his body as bread—and takes a cup of wine and remembers what Jesus did before he died—giving his blood as wine. The prayer also includes a petition to God to send the Holy Spirit to make the bread and wine the body and blood of Christ as well as petitions for the pope, the local bishop, all the faithful, and the dead. It ends with a doxology to which all respond Amen.

      Lenten Season = The Season of Lent begins with Ash Wednesday, seven weeks before Easter. Lent ends on Holy Thursday evening, the Thursday before Easter Sunday.

      Liturgical Year = The liturgical year begins with the First Sunday of Advent, usually the last Sunday of November or the first Sunday of December; The Advent Season lasts for four weeks. The Christmas Season begins on December 25, lasts three weeks, and ends with the Feast of the Baptism of the Lord, usually the second Sunday of January. The Lenten Season begins with Ash Wednesday, which can occur anytime in February or early March; it lasts six weeks and ends at the beginning of The Sacred Paschal Triduum with Thursday of the Lord’s Supper, which can occur anytime from late March into early April. The Sacred Paschal Triduum ends on Easter Sunday evening. The Easter Season begins with Easter Sunday of the Resurrection of the Lord—usually falling in late March or early April—lasts fifty days, and ends with Pentecost Sunday, falling anytime between the middle of May and early June. In between the Christmas Season and the Lenten Season and in between the Easter Season and the next Advent is the Season of Ordinary Time—meaning counted weeks. The first section of Ordinary Time can be from two to ten weeks, and the second section of Ordinary Time can be from eleven to thirty-four weeks.

      Mass = In The Roman Missal, Mass refers to the two parts of the Celebration of the Eucharist: the Liturgy of the Word and the Liturgy of the Eucharist. The word Mass, from the Latin missa—from the Latin mittere, meaning to send—means to send away. The last line of the Mass in Latin is Ite, missa est., meaning Go, the Mass is ended.

      Prayer after Communion = This is a concluding prayer said by the priest or bishop after communion—the sharing of the body and blood of Christ—has finished.

      Prayer over the Offerings = This is a prayer said by the priest or bishop after the gifts of bread and wine have been prepared, presented to God, and set on the altar.

      Prayer over the People = This is a required prayer during Lent which follows the Prayer after Communion. While it may be used at other times, during Lent it asks God to bless people with his divine presence and help them during their journey through Lent to Easter.

      Preface = This prayer, introduced with dialogue between the priest or bishop and the congregants, praises and thanks God for something specific, such as the resurrection of Christ. It begins the Eucharist Prayer and concludes with the Holy, Holy, Holy Lord acclamation. When several choices are provided, they are numbered, such as, Preface I of Easter, Preface II of Easter, etc.

      All prayers of any kind in The Roman Missal are specified for every day of the liturgical year. Thus, in this book one may find a reference to Monday of the Third Week of Lent; this means that a set of prayers for the Eucharist on Monday of the Third Week of Lent is provided. A set consists of a Collect, a Prayer over the Offerings, a Prayer after Communion, and a Prayer over the People. Likewise, Thursday of the Fifth Week of Easter presents a Collect, a Prayer over the Offerings, and a Prayer after Communion. The prayers are addressed to God through Christ in the unity of the Holy Spirit.

      Because The Roman Missal is a book of over 1,500 pages, it is subdivided by liturgical seasons (Advent, Christmas, Lent, Easter, and Ordinary Time), feasts, saints, ritual Masses, and more. Some subsections of The Roman Missal contain numbered paragraphs. Thus, when a reference appears in a footnote, it will often contain par., the abbreviation for the word paragraph, or pars., the abbreviation for the word paragraphs, when a range of numbered paragraphs are being referenced within a named subsection of The Roman Missal. Other subsections of The Roman Missal are not numbered. When this is the case, a page number is given in the footnote to the edition of The Roman Missal found in the bibliography of this book; this later case is indicated by only the page number.

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      Introduction

      Prelude

      Not too long ago a good friend and I were discussing the conjunction of several events in our lives. He had broken up with his girlfriend recently and gotten a job as a contemporary music director at a large church. I had given a retreat on a major theme of the Roman Catholic liturgy for Holy Thursday and Good Friday and, a few weeks later, watched the film Collateral Beauty (2016). Before all of that had taken place we had spent lots of time discussing the traces of death and new life in our lives beginning with the truth that relationships are grounded in vulnerabilities or weaknesses—death—and

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