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    Heart Muscle Diseases, A Simple Guide To The Condition, Diagnosis, Treatment And Related Conditions
    Heart Muscle Diseases, A Simple Guide To The Condition, Diagnosis, Treatment And Related Conditions
    Heart Muscle Diseases, A Simple Guide To The Condition, Diagnosis, Treatment And Related Conditions
    Ebook147 pages2 hours

    Heart Muscle Diseases, A Simple Guide To The Condition, Diagnosis, Treatment And Related Conditions

    By Kenneth Kee

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    About this ebook

    This book describes Heart Muscle Diseases, Diagnosis and Treatment and Related Diseases
    Cardiovascular disease (heart disease) is a group of diseases that affect the heart muscles or blood vessels (arteries, capillaries and veins).
    Cardiovascular disease suggests any disease that affects the cardiovascular system, mainly cardiac disease, vascular diseases of the brain and kidney, and peripheral arterial disease.
    The causes of cardiovascular disease are various but atherosclerosis and hypertension are the most frequent.
    Cardiac Emergencies
    1. Cardiac arrest is the sudden halt of normal heart rhythm which can involve a number of diseases such as tachycardia, an excessively rapid heart beat which stops the heart from effectively pumping blood, which is an irregular and ineffective heart rhythm, and asystole which is the end of heart rhythm entirely.
    2. Cardiac tamponade is a disorder in which the fibrous sac enclosing the heart fills with excess fluid or blood, reducing the heart's capability to beat properly.
    Tamponade is treated by pericardiocentesis, the gentle entry of the needle of a syringe into the pericardial sac (avoiding the heart itself) on an angle, normally from just below the sternum, and carefully withdrawing the tamponading fluids.
    Heart Muscle Diseases:
    1. Coronary heart disease (also ischemic heart disease)
    Coronary Heart Disease happens when the coronary arteries become blocked.
    The blood supply to the part of the heart cannot provide the oxygen and nutrients to the muscles of the heart.
    The cells in that part of the heart died off and that part of the heart is unable to function.
    This is called a heart attack.
    Coronary Heart Disease can lead to sudden death.
    2. Cardiomyopathy - diseases of cardiac muscle
    3. Hypertensive heart disease - diseases of the heart secondary to high blood pressure
    4. Heart failure – failure of the heart due to abnormal functioning of the heart
    5. Cor pulmonale - a failure of the right side of the heart
    6. Cardiac dysrhythmias - abnormalities of heart rhythm
    7. Inflammatory heart disease – inflammatory diseases of the heart
    8. Endocarditis – inflammation of the inner layer of the heart, the endocardium.
    The structures most often affected are the heart valves.
    9. Inflammatory cardiomegaly – enlargement of the heart due to inflammation
    10. Myocarditis – inflammation of the myocardium, the muscular part of the heart.
    11. Valvular heart disease- abnormal valves due to congenital or infections of the heart valve
    12. Cerebrovascular disease - disease of blood vessels that supplies to the brain such as stroke
    13. Peripheral arterial disease - disease of blood vessels that supplies to the arms and legs
    14. Congenital heart disease - heart structure malformations existing at birth.
    15. Rheumatic heart disease - heart muscles and valves damage due to rheumatic fever caused by streptococcal bacteria infections
    Humans are born with a fixed number of heart muscle cells or cardiomyocytes which rise in size as the heart expands larger during childhood development.
    Recent research indicates that cardiomyocytes are really slowly replaced as the person ages.
    Less than 50% of the cardiomyocytes at birth are replaced during a normal life span.
    The growth of individual cardiomyocytes not only happens during normal heart development.
    It also happens in reaction to extensive exercise, heart disease, or heart muscle injury such as after a myocardial infarction.
    The cardiomyocytes develop larger in diameter but have the same length, leading to heart wall thickening.
    The death of a heart muscle cell is normally caused by lack of oxygen reaching the cell.

    TABLE OF CONTENT
    Introduction
    Chapter 1 Heart and Diseases
    Chapter 2 Coronary Heart Disease
    Chapter 3 Cardiomyopathy
    Chapter 4 Myocarditis
    Chapter 5 Holiday Heart Syndrome
    Chapter 6

    LanguageEnglish
    PublisherKenneth Kee
    Release dateFeb 24, 2019
    ISBN9780463852767
    Heart Muscle Diseases, A Simple Guide To The Condition, Diagnosis, Treatment And Related Conditions
    Author

    Kenneth Kee

    Medical doctor since 1972.Started Kee Clinic in 1974 at 15 Holland Dr #03-102, relocated to 36 Holland Dr #01-10 in 2009.Did my M.Sc (Health Management ) in 1991 and Ph.D (Healthcare Administration) in 1993.Dr Kenneth Kee is still working as a family doctor at the age of 74However he has reduced his consultation hours to 3 hours in the morning and 2 hours inthe afternoon.He first started writing free blogs on medical disorders seen in the clinic in 2007 on http://kennethkee.blogspot.com.His purpose in writing these simple guides was for the health education of his patients which is also his dissertation for his Ph.D (Healthcare Administration). He then wrote an autobiography account of his journey as a medical student to family doctor on his other blog http://afamilydoctorstale.blogspot.comThis autobiography account “A Family Doctor’s Tale” was combined with his early “A Simple Guide to Medical Disorders” into a new Wordpress Blog “A Family Doctor’s Tale” on http://ken-med.com.From which many free articles from the blog was taken and put together into 1000 eBooks.He apologized for typos and spelling mistakes in his earlier books.He will endeavor to improve the writing in futures.Some people have complained that the simple guides are too simple.For their information they are made simple in order to educate the patients.The later books go into more details of medical disorders.He has published 1000 eBooks on various subjects on health, 1 autobiography of his medical journey, another on the autobiography of a Cancer survivor, 2 children stories and one how to study for his nephew and grand-daughter.The purpose of these simple guides is to educate patient on health disorders and not meant as textbooks.He does not do any night duty since 2000 ever since Dr Tan had his second stroke.His clinic is now relocated to the Buona Vista Community Centre.The 2 units of his original clinic are being demolished to make way for a new Shopping Mall.He is now doing some blogging and internet surfing (bulletin boards since the 1980's) startingwith the Apple computer and going to PC.The entire PC is upgraded by himself from XT to the present Pentium duo core.The present Intel i7 CPU is out of reach at the moment because the CPU is still expensive.He is also into DIY changing his own toilet cistern and other electric appliance.His hunger for knowledge has not abated and he is a lifelong learner.The children have all grown up and there are 2 grandchildren who are even more technically advanced than the grandfather where mobile phones are concerned.This book is taken from some of the many articles in his blog (now with 740 posts) A Family Doctor’s Tale.Dr Kee is the author of:"A Family Doctor's Tale""Life Lessons Learned From The Study And Practice Of Medicine""Case Notes From A Family Doctor"

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      Book preview

      Heart Muscle Diseases, A Simple Guide To The Condition, Diagnosis, Treatment And Related Conditions - Kenneth Kee

      Heart Muscle Diseases,

      A

      Simple

      Guide

      To

      The Condition,

      Diagnosis,

      Treatment

      And

      Related Conditions

      By

      Dr Kenneth Kee

      M.B.,B.S. (Singapore)

      Ph.D (Healthcare Administration)

      Copyright Kenneth Kee 2019 Smashwords Edition

      Published by Kenneth Kee at Smashwords.com

      Dedication

      This book is dedicated

      To my wife Dorothy

      And my children

      Carolyn, Grace

      And Kelvin

      This book describes Heart Muscle Diseases, Diagnosis and Treatment and Related Diseases which is seen in some of my patients in my Family Clinic.

      (What You Need to Treat Heart Muscle Diseases)

      This eBook is licensed for your personal enjoyment only. This eBook may not be re-sold or given away to other people. If you would like to share this book with another person, please purchase an additional copy for each reader.

      If you’re reading this book and did not purchase it, or it was not purchased for your use only, then please return to Smashwords.com and purchase your own copy.

      Thank you for respecting the hard work of this author.

      Introduction

      I have been writing medical articles for my blog: http://kennethkee.blogspot.com (A Simple Guide to Medical Disorder) for the benefit of my patients since 2007.

      My purpose in writing these simple guides was for the health education of my patients.

      Health Education was also my dissertation for my Ph.D (Healthcare Administration).

      I then wrote an autobiolographical account of his journey as a medical student to family doctor on his other blog: http://afamilydoctorstale.blogspot.com.

      This autobiolographical account A Family Doctor’s Tale was combined with my early A Simple Guide to Medical Disorders into a new Wordpress Blog A Family Doctor’s Tale on http://kenkee481.wordpress.com.

      From which many free articles from the blog was taken and put together into 800 eBooks.

      Some people have complained that the simple guides are too simple.

      For their information they are made simple in order to educate the patients.

      The later books go into more details of medical disorders.

      The first chapter is always from my earlier blogs which unfortunately tends to have typos and spelling mistakes.

      Since 2013, I have tried to improve my spelling and writing.

      As I tried to bring the patient the latest information about a disorder or illness by reading the latest journals both online and offline, I find that I am learning more and improving on my own medical knowledge in diagnosis and treatment for my patients.

      Just by writing all these simple guides I find that I have learned a lot from your reviews (good or bad), criticism and advice.

      I am sorry for the repetitions in these simple guides as the second chapters onwards have new information as compared to my first chapter taken from my blog.

      I also find repetition definitely help me and maybe some readers to remember the facts in the books more easily.

      I apologize if these repetitions are irritating to some readers.

      Chapter 1

      The Heart and Diseases

      What is the heart?

      The heart is the central part of the cardiovascular system.

      It is a muscular pump of interconnected, branching muscle fibers sited between the lungs with two-thirds of the region to the left of the midline of the body.

      Its upper part or base is at the level of the second rib while lower portion or apex directs downwards and to the left staying on the diaphragm at the level of the fifth rib.

      It is enveloped by a white fibrous sac called the pericardium which has 2 layers between which is a lubricating fluid permitting the movement of the heart as it contracts and expands.

      The inner lining of the sac acts as the outer lining of the heart and is termed the epicardium.

      The heart wall has a middle layer termed the myocardium which comprises thick bands of involuntary striated muscular tissue accountable for the heart to pump blood.

      A third layer termed the endocardium is a thin layer of flat cells lining the heart valves and the inner cavities of the heart.

      The human heart has 4 chambers which are the 2 superior atria and 2 inferior ventricles.

      The atria are the reception chambers and the ventricles are the discharge chambers

      Deoxygenated blood moves through the heart in one direction, entering through the superior vena cava into the right atrium and is pumped through the tricuspid valve into the right ventricle before being propelled out through the pulmonary valve to the pulmonary arteries into the lungs.

      The oxygen is taken in from the air sacs of the lungs.

      It enters from the lungs through the pulmonary veins to the left atrium where it is pumped through the mitral valve into the left ventricle before exiting through the aortic valve to the aorta

      The heart beat

      The heart beat comprises the alternate contractions and relaxations of the atria and ventricles.

      The heart beat can be heard in a stethoscope as 2 sounds lub-dub, the first resulting from the closure of the mitral and tricuspid valves and contraction of the ventricles, the second shorter and snapping sound resulting from the closure of the aortic and pulmonary valves.

      The pumping action of the heart is one of contraction or systole and relaxation or diastole.

      This is accompanied by a brief rest period.

      The rhythm necessitates a balance of calcium, sodium and potassium in the heart muscle.

      A normal resting heart rate for adult varies from 60 to 100 beats a minute.

      A lower heart rate at rest suggests more efficient heart function and better cardiovascular fitness.

      In a well-trained athlete the normal resting heart rate is around 40 beats a minute (lower than normal).

      The heart produces its own electrical impulse which can be documented by putting electrodes on the chest.

      The cardiac electrical impulse regulates the heartbeat in two ways:

      1. First since each impulse results in one heartbeat the number of electrical impulses decides the heart rate.

      2. Second, as the electrical signal extends across the heart, it activates the heart muscle to contract in the correct order thus coordinating each heartbeat and making sure that the heart works as efficiently as possible.

      A part of the human heart called the sinoatrial (SA) node or pacemaker fixes the rate and timing at which all cardiac muscle cells contract.

      The SA node produces electrical impulses which extend quickly through the walls of the atria inducing both atria to contract together.

      As the electrical impulse moves through the atria, it produces the so-called P wave on the ECG

      The impulses also move to another specialized area called the atrio-ventricular node sited in the

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