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    Narrow Band-Pass Filters for Low Frequency Applications: Evaluation of Eight Electronics Filter Design Topologies
    Narrow Band-Pass Filters for Low Frequency Applications: Evaluation of Eight Electronics Filter Design Topologies
    Narrow Band-Pass Filters for Low Frequency Applications: Evaluation of Eight Electronics Filter Design Topologies
    Ebook104 pages45 minutes

    Narrow Band-Pass Filters for Low Frequency Applications: Evaluation of Eight Electronics Filter Design Topologies

    By Raman K Attri

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    About this ebook

    Narrow Band-pass filtering techniques have been a challenging task since the inception of audio and telecommunication applications. The challenge involves keeping quality factor, gain and mid-frequency of the filter independent of each other. The critical applications require a design that ensures mid-frequency immune to the circuit component tolerances. It becomes increasingly difficult for low-frequency applications where the shift in few Hz in mid-frequency would cause desired frequencies to fall outside the filter’s bandwidth and go undetected. The selection of right topology of the filter for the best performance is the key to successful design. This book objectively compares the relative performance of eight popular narrow band-pass filter topologies. The filter topologies are evaluated using a real-world practical example of designing an extremely narrow band-pass filter. The book provides guidelines for selecting the right topology for the low-frequency narrow band-pass filter.

    LanguageEnglish
    PublisherRaman K Attri
    Release dateApr 5, 2019
    ISBN9789811198724
    Narrow Band-Pass Filters for Low Frequency Applications: Evaluation of Eight Electronics Filter Design Topologies
    Author

    Raman K Attri

    Raman K Attri is a corporate business researcher, learning strategist, and management consultant with a strong zeal to enable people to unravel human learning and performance. He specializes in providing the competitive and strategic value to the organizations by accelerating time-to-proficiency of employees through well-researched models. He holds a doctorate in business from Southern Cross University, Australia. His international professional career spanned over 25 years across a range of disciplines such as scientific research, systems engineering, management consulting, training operations, professional teaching, and learning design. A strong proponent of learning as the core of human success, he provides advisory on accelerated learning techniques which earned him over 60 educational credentials including doctorate degrees, three masters’ degrees and tens of international certifications. Despite physical disability since childhood, he leveraged it to learn, research and test a range of “how to methods” to accelerate the rate of personal learning and professional performance at the workplace. He has published his methods in scholarly journals, blogs, books, and conferences. He also runs a non-profit consulting forum focused on researching strategies to accelerate speed to proficiency.

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      Book preview

      Narrow Band-Pass Filters for Low Frequency Applications - Raman K Attri

      NARROW BAND-PASS FILTERS FOR LOW FREQUENCY APPLICATIONS

      Evaluation of Eight Electronics Filter Design Topologies

      Dr. Raman K. Attri

      Copyrights © 2018 Speed To Proficiency Research: S2Pro©. All rights reserved.

      All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, distributed, or transmitted in any form or by any means, including photocopying, recording, or other electronic or mechanical methods, without the prior written permission of the publisher, except in the case of brief quotations embodied in critical reviews and certain other noncommercial uses permitted by copyright law. Write to the publisher/author for seeking explicit permission for any reproduction, inclusion or usage in another publication. Provide an appropriate reference/citation to this publication when posting brief excerpts or quotations from this text on social media channels.

      ISBN: 978-981-11-9872-4 (e-book)

      ISBN 978-981-14-0133-6 (paperback)

      First published: 2018

      Draft written: 2005

      Lead author: Raman K. Attri

      Published by Speed To Proficiency Research: S2Pro©

      Published at Singapore

      Printed in the United States of America

      National Library Board, Singapore Cataloguing in Publication Data

      Name(s): Attri, Raman K., 1973-

      Title: Narrow band-pass filters for low frequency applications : evaluation of eight electronics filter design topologies / Dr Raman K. Attri.

      Other title(s): R. Attri instrumentation design series (electronics)

      Description: Singapore : Speed To Proficiency Research, 2018. | Includes bibliographical references.

      Identifier(s): OCN 1077481515 | ISBN 978-981-14-0133-6 (paperback) | ISBN 978-981-11-9872-4 (e-book)

      Subject(s): LCSH: Electric network topology. | Electric filters, Bandpass. | Electronic books.

      Classification: DDC 621.38215--dc23

      Speed To Proficiency Research: S2Pro©

      A research and consulting forum

      Singapore 560463

      https://www.speedtoproficiency.com

      rkattri@speedtoproficiency.com

      ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

      To my little brother – Deepak, whose childhood I missed experiencing

      ------------------------------

      R. Attri Instrumentation Design Series (Electronics)

      CONTENTS

      NARROW BAND-PASS FILTERS FOR LOW FREQUENCY APPLICATIONS

      ABOUT THE BOOK

      CHAPTER 1 DESIGN REQUIREMENTS FOR EXTREMELY NARROW BAND-PASS FILTERS

      1.1. Practical Challenges

      1.2. Design Exercise

      1.3. Topologies for Filter Design

      CHAPTER 2 ONE OP-AMP FILTER TOPOLOGIES

      2.1 Sallen-Key Topology

      Electronics Design

      Frequency Response/Performance

      2.2 Multiple Feedback (MFB) Topology

      Electronics Design

      Frequency Response/Performance

      2.3 Active Twin-T Topology

      Electronics Design

      Frequency Response/Performance

      2.4 Modified Deliyannis Topology

      Electronics Design

      Frequency Response/Performance

      CHAPTER 3 TWO OP-AMPS FILTER TOPOLOGIES

      3.1 Fliege Topology

      Electronics Design

      Frequency Response/Performance

      CHAPTER 4 SUMMARY OF PERFORMANCE OF ONE AND TWO OP-AMPS FILTER TOPOLOGIES

      4.1 Performance Comparison

      Sallen-Key

      MFB

      Modified Deliyaanis

      Active Twin-T

      Fliege

      4.2 Tradeoffs in Selection

      4.3 Cascading Multiple Stages of One or Two Op-amps

      CHAPTER 5 THREE AND FOUR OP-AMPS FILTER TOPOLOGIES

      5.1 Multiple Op-amps Topologies

      5.2 Akerberg-Mossberg Topology

      Electronics Design

      5.3 State-variable Topology

      Electronics Design

      Frequency Response/Performance

      Modified State-variable Filter

      5.4 Biquad Topology

      Frequency Response/Performance

      Cascaded Biquad Filter

      CHAPTER 6 COMPONENT SELECTION CONSIDERATIONS

      6.1 Selection Considerations for Resistors

      6.2 Selection Considerations for Capacitors

      6.3 Selection Considerations for Operational Amplifiers

      CHAPTER 7 SOURCES OF NOISE AND REDUCTION TECHNIQUES IN INSTRUMENTATION

      7.1 Noise Sources

      7.2 Internal Noise Sources

      White Noise

      Fliker Noise (1/F Noise)

      Popcorn Noise

      Barkhausen Noise

      Contact Noise

      Transit Time Noise

      Partition Noise

      7.3 External Noise Sources

      Switching Current & Voltages

      Power Lines Interference

      Sparking And Radiation

      Environmental And Atmospheric Noise

      Electrostatic Discharge

      7.4 Local Noise Sources

      Coupling Noise

      Crosstalk

      Power Supply Induced Noise

      Interfacing & Cable Noise

      7.5 Internal Noise Reduction Techniques

      7.6 External Noise Reduction Techniques

      Faraday Shield

      Electrostatic Discharge (ESD) Protection

      Enclosure Shield

      7.7 Local Noise Reduction Techniques

      Shielding for Capacitive Coupling

      Shielding for Magnetic Coupling

      Techniques to Reduce Ground Loops

      Techniques to Reduce High-frequency Effects

      Techniques to Reduce Interconnecting Cable Noise

      Techniques to Reduce Power Supply Noise

      REFERENCES

      INDEX

      THE AUTHOR

      ABOUT THE BOOK

      Narrow Band-pass filtering techniques have been a challenging task since the inception of audio and telecommunication applications. The challenge involves keeping quality factor, gain and mid-frequency of the filter independent of each other. The critical applications require a design that ensures mid-frequency immune to the circuit component tolerances. It becomes increasingly difficult for low-frequency applications where the shift in few Hz in mid-frequency would cause desired frequencies to fall outside the filter’s bandwidth and go undetected. The selection of right topology of the filter for the best performance is the key to successful design. This book objectively compares the relative performance of eight popular narrow band-pass filter topologies. The filter topologies are evaluated using a real-world practical example of designing an extremely narrow band-pass filter. The book provides guidelines for selecting the right topology for the low-frequency narrow band-pass filter.

      PREVIOUS WORK

      This book was originally conceptualized and authored in 2005-2006. As such it should be read remembering the time frame. The author does not claim contemporariness of the concepts, though the principles discussed in this book are universally applicable for analog electronics design. The chapters in this series previously appeared as working papers:

      Attri, RK 2005, ‘Evaluation of Single op-amp Topologies For Extremely Narrow Band-Pass Filter Design,’ R.Attri Instrumentation Design Series (Electronics), Paper No. 3, Sept 2005. https://dx.doi.org/ 10.13140/RG.2.1.4755.5920.

      Attri, RK 2005, ‘Design Analysis and Evaluation of 1 and 2 op‐amp Topology for Design of Stable Narrow Band‐Pass Filter,’ R.Attri Instrumentation Design Series (Electronics), Paper No. 5, Sept 2005. https://dx.doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.1.4231.3040.

      Attri, RK 2005, ‘Design of stable Narrow Band-Pass Filter using Multi-stage Biquad Topology,’ R.Attri Instrumentation Design Series (Electronics), Paper No.

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