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    Finance for Non-Financial Public Sector Managers
    Finance for Non-Financial Public Sector Managers
    Finance for Non-Financial Public Sector Managers
    Ebook144 pages1 hour

    Finance for Non-Financial Public Sector Managers

    By Jennifer Bean and Lascelles Hussey

    ()

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    About this ebook

    This book is one of a series of books entitled “Essential Skills for the Public Sector”. It is increasingly important for public sector managers to have an understanding of finance to perform their jobs and deliver value for money services. It explains the principles of finance as well as financial information such as income and expenditure accounts, balance sheets, cashflows and financial performance indicators.

    There are worked examples and practical exercises which allow the theory to be put into practice, encouraging self-development and continuous improvement. The style is simple, easy to read, and accessible to staff at all levels within an organisation. It is an essential addition to a manager’s toolkit of skills and knowledge. Contents include:

    Keeping the accounts
    The income and expenditure account
    The balance sheet
    Key financial performance indicators
    The importance of cash flow
    Financial planning and control

    LanguageEnglish
    PublisherHB Publications and Training International
    Release dateMar 25, 2019
    ISBN9781899448593
    Finance for Non-Financial Public Sector Managers
    Author

    Jennifer Bean

    Jennifer Bean is a highly experienced consultant with an excellent track record of working with non-profit and public sector organisations. She is a UK Chartered Accountants and holds a Masters in Business Administration. Her expertise is in taking business principles and best practice and applying them to public sector organisations in a practical way.

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      Book preview

      Finance for Non-Financial Public Sector Managers - Jennifer Bean

      Chapter 1

      INTRODUCTION

      Finance is a vital resource for every organisation and it is important that all staff, particularly managers, have an understanding of finance. Often this area remains the domain of a few, and non-financial managers may be excluded from detailed financial issues. This book is therefore written to help managers gain a basic understanding of key financial concepts that affect an organisation’s day to day operations.

      The public sector has undergone many changes in recent years with respect to commercialisation and accountability. These changes have included outsourcing, competitive tendering, Public Private Partnerships, and a general increase in public services being delivered by the private sector, to name a few. It is becoming increasingly important for all public sector organisations to demonstrate that they are financially viable entities in their own right. This means that income, regardless of its source, can fully support all expenditure, and that value for money services can be provided to meet the requirements of end users.

      Ideally, managers should have some knowledge of finance such that the financial implications of service decisions are correctly taken into account. This book covers the most important aspects of financial accounting, enabling managers to have a greater understanding of the financial information presented to them and to assist communications with colleagues and finance professionals.

      The text covers key concepts such as keeping the accounts, understanding financial statements such as income and expenditure, and the balance sheet. It also explains how cash flows are calculated and examines key financial performance indicators.

      In addition to providing a practical text with illustrations, the book also incorporates exercises at the end of each chapter to enable readers to practice the techniques covered, and apply the concepts to their work situation. Suggested solutions are provided at the end of the book and the final chapter contains a glossary of key financial terms.

      This book is one of a series of Essential Skills for the Public Sector titles. The series aims to assist public sector managers become more efficient and effective in carrying out their important management responsibilities. We consider this book to be an important part of the tool kit for public sector management development.

      Chapter 2

      KEEPING THE ACCOUNTS

      Keeping Financial Records

      Organisations maintain financial records to keep account of all transactions, and it is these records which are used to develop the key financial statements. The two main statements produced by all public sector organisations are the income and expenditure account (similar to a profit and loss account for a private sector organisation), and the balance sheet.

      The income and expenditure account is a statement showing the surplus or deficit arising as a result of the organisation’s activities over a period of time, for example a year. The balance sheet, on the other hand, provides a statement of assets and liabilities at a particular point in time, for example, the last day of the financial year. By deducting the liabilities from the assets, the balance sheet is able to establish the net worth of an organisation. Both these statements are discussed in more detail in chapters 3 and 4 respectively.

      Maintaining proper financial records is essential for the following reasons:

        They provide the basis for the management accounts which are produced on a regular basis, monthly, quarterly, etc.

        They form the basis for the financial statements that have to be produced at least once per year

        They provide a record of what has actually occurred within the organisation in financial terms

        They are essential to ensuring accountability and protection against fraud

        They provide the information required for financial monitoring and control

        They provide an audit trail for each financial transaction that takes place

      Financial Transactions

      Most organisations now operate some form of computerised financial recording system. Depending upon the organisation’s size, this may vary from a large and powerful integrated real time system which handles far more than just financial data, for example, personnel information, to a system which is used solely for the accounting functions. A very small non-profit organisation, however, may be able to maintain their accounts on a computer spreadsheet. All financial recording systems, regardless of their complexity, are based on basic double entry book-keeping principles.

      Double entry refers to the fact that each transaction requires two entries in the accounting system.

      Book-keeping refers to the maintenance of accounting records which historically were kept in books or ledgers.

      This book will not attempt to cover the theory of double entry book-keeping, however, it will illustrate the process for recording transactions using double entry principles with the following example.

      A school has set up a charity account to supplement its income for which separate records

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