Know Your Farm Machinery
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About this ebook
Chris Lockwood
Chris Lockwood comes from an East Anglian farming family. He has over 100,000 images of tractors at work, the basis of his highly popular website: suffolkagriphotos.
Read more from Chris Lockwood
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Know Your Farm Machinery - Chris Lockwood
Tractor
Basic function:
Pulling and powering farm machinery.
Starting with the basics: the tractor is the prime mover on almost every farm in Britain and is used to pull or provide power for most other farm machinery. The hydraulic three-point linkage, now mostly electronically controlled, is used to carry mounted implements, with a PTO-shaft and spool valves providing auxiliary power.
This JCB Fastrac 8310 is the largest model in the British-built JCB Fastrac range. Extremely versatile, it combines lugging ability with a high specification and fast road speeds of up to 70 kph. It is powered by a 306 hp engine which drives through an infinitely variable transmission.
There are a huge variety of different sizes and types of tractor, and these are covered in more detail in Know Your Tractors and Know Your Classic Tractors.
Plough
Basic function:
Inverting soil to bury weeds and residue from the previous crop, exposing fresh clean soil for a new crop.
Like the vast majority of ploughs now found on British farms, this six-furrow Kverneland is a reversible plough with two sets of bodies – right- and left-handed. This allows work to be carried out up and down, with the plough turned over at each end of the field allowing the alternate set of bodies to be used for the return pass.
Fully-mounted ploughs like this one, with up to seven furrows, are most popular, but semi-mounted ploughs and articulated ploughs with up to 16 furrows are used on larger farms.
When in work the tractor usually runs at an angle, with the wheels on one side in the previous furrow, but on-land ploughing as demonstrated here with all wheels, or tracks, running on unploughed land is becoming more common. This helps to minimise soil compaction and allows wider tyres to be used which wouldn’t fit in the furrow.
Subsoiler
Basic function:
Loosening of soil at depth to remove compaction and break up soil pans.
Subsoilers are used to break up and lift compacted soil that has been damaged by heavy machinery being used in wet conditions, which is sometimes unavoidable, allowing for improved soil structure with better drainage and air movement. They consist of large heavy-duty legs typically working 40–50 cm deep. Each leg is usually fitted with wings at the bottom which increase its lifting and shattering effect on the subsoil. A roller is typically fitted