A Short History of the Mosque in Minnesota
By Melissa Aho
()
About this ebook
What makes a mosque a mosque? Is it just a place where Muslims come together to pray? Does the location or the architectural design matter? Or is it the “hopes, dreams and desires of many people,” which was spoken of at the 2006 groundbreaking that marked the renovation and expansion of the Masjid An-Nur? In Minnesota, mosques fall into one of four different categories. This book is a short history of the mosque in Minnesota.
Melissa Aho
Melissa Aho, MA, MEd, MLIS, MS is a librarian, instructor, writer, and entrepreneur. She has participated on archaeological excavations in Belize, Colorado, Minnesota, and Wisconsin, researched mosque architecture in Guyana and Minnesota, taken salsa lessons in Havana, Cuba, and spent various amounts of time in 16 countries (including one academic year in Honduras). She has written books, articles, book chapters and had over 100 book reviews published. In her free time she is working on her private pilot's license and her Ph.D. in International Development from the Department of Political Science, International Development and International Affairs at the University of Southern Mississippi.
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A Short History of the Mosque in Minnesota - Melissa Aho
A Short History of the Mosque in Minnesota
Melissa Aho
Second Goldfish LLCFirst Edition. November 2019
ISBN: 978-1-7342769-0-9 (paperback)
ISBN: 978-1-7342769-1-6 (ebook)
Copyright © 2019 Melissa Aho. All rights reserved.
Copyright photographs © 2019 Melissa Aho. All rights reserved.
Publisher: Second Goldfish LLC
Minneapolis, Minnesota
www.secondgoldfish.com
For any inquiries regarding this book, please email:
melissa@secondgoldfish.com
All rights reserved. No part of this book (text or photographs) may be reproduced in any form or transmitted by any electronic or mechanical means, including photocopying, recording, information storage and retrieval system, without written permission from the author, except where permitted by law.
Second Goldfish LLC.Contents
Acknowledgments
1. Introduction
2. Minnesota Architecture
3. A Short History of the Mosque
4. The Mosque in the United States
5. The First Known Mosque in Minnesota
6. Reusing a Religious Space
7. Storefront Mosques
8. New Construction Mosques
9. Building a Dome and Minaret
10. Conclusion
Suggested Readings
Notes
References
About the Author
Acknowledgments
This book started out years ago as a master’s paper in Art History on the beautiful Masjid An-Nur in Minneapolis, Minnesota and a few years late as a chapter on Minnesota mosques in the book Muslims and American Popular Culture. What I hope to do in this book is to offer readers a glimpse into the history of the Minnesota mosque and its beautiful and unique architectural styles. This book is not intended to discuss every mosque in Minnesota, but rather to give readers a sampling into the origins and how Minnesota mosques continue to grow and changes as their communities grow and change. I hope that it will also inspire the next generation of researchers who find, as I do, the beauty and wonder in these buildings.
I met many kind and gracious individuals while doing my research on mosques in Minnesota. They gave me tours, let me take photographs, and answered many odd questions in person, via telephone, and email as I was doing my research. Granted I did have a few phone calls and emails that were not returned, but they were few and far between. Interestingly the only time I was questioned about my research was when I was taking photos of a Christian church in Minneapolis on a weekday afternoon. Going back all those many years, I would again like to express my gratitude to Imam Makram El-Amin of the Masjid An-Nur, Arlene El-Amin of the Masjid An-Nur, architect Aly El-Nagdy, Owais Bayunus, President of the Islamic Center of Minnesota (ICM), Dr. Adil Ozdemir of the Muslim-Christian Dialogue Center, University of St. Thomas, Dr. Khalid Sami of the ICM, Kausar Hussein of the ICM, Imtiaz Ali Salemohamed of the Anjuman-E-Asghari, Murtaza Mulla of the Anjuman-E-Asghari, Sheikh Mohammed Raza Rizwani of the Anjuman-E-Asghari, and Father Michael O’Connell and Cindy Keller of the Church of the Ascension. Many thanks go out to Dr. Heather Shirey, Dr. Victoria Young, and Dr. Julie Risser of the University of St. Thomas. Thanks to Dr. Catherine Asher, Dr. Alisa Eimen, Dr. Cynthia Becker, Z. Madkour, H. Kazemi, G. Ettouhami, R. Ettouhami, Richard Amos, Paulette Warren, and Dr. C. Churchill. Thank you to the staff and librarians at the University of St. Thomas O’Shaughnessy-Frey Library; Bio-Medical Library, University of Minnesota; Wilson Library, University of Minnesota; Northwest Architectural Archives, Anderson Library, University of Minnesota; Minnesota Historical Society; and the Minnesota Historical Society Press. Special thanks to my family Carole and Terry Aho, Michelle Aho, Che Aho, Candy Aho, and Ginger Aho. All errors found in this book are my own.
Melissa Aho
Minneapolis, Minnesota
November 2019
To Carole, Terry, Michelle, Che, Candy, and Ginger
Illustrations
Figure 1. Anjuman-E-Asghari copula, Brooklyn Park, Minnesota.
Figure 2. ICM Abukhadra Masjid, Columbia Heights, Minnesota.
Figure 3. Window at the ICM Abukhadra Masjid, Columbia Heights, Minnesota.
Figure 4. Prayer area inside the ICM Abukhadra Masjid, Columbia Heights, Minnesota.
Figure 5. Carpet inside the prayer area ICM Abukhadra Masjid, Columbia Heights, Minnesota.
Figure 6. ICM, Fridley, Minnesota.
Figure 7. Masjid Al Huda, Minneapolis, Minnesota.
Figure 8. Masjid Dawah (Islamic Da’Wah Center), St. Paul, Minnesota.
Figure 9. Anjuman-E-Asghari, Brooklyn Park, Minnesota.
Figure 10. Prayer area inside the Anjuman-E-Asghari, Brooklyn Park, Minnesota.
Figure 11. Masjid An-Nur, Minneapolis, Minnesota.
Figure 12. Masjid An-Nur, Minneapolis, Minnesota.
Figure 13. Musallah or prayer chamber, Masjid An-Nur, Minneapolis, Minnesota.
Figure 14. Mihrab, exterior, Masjid An-Nur, Minneapolis, Minnesota.
Figure 15. Carpet in the musallah or prayer chamber, Masjid An-Nur, Minneapolis, Minnesota.
Figure 16. Qibla wall and mihrab, Masjid An-Nur, Minneapolis, Minnesota.
Figure 17. Wudu area, Masjid An-Nur, Minneapolis, Minnesota.
Figure 18. Dome and minaret, Masjid An-Nur, Minneapolis, Minnesota.
Figure 19. Dome, Masjid An-Nur, Minneapolis, Minnesota.
Figure 20. Minaret of Masjid An-Nur, Minneapolis, Minnesota.
Figure 1. Anjuman-E-Asghari copula, Brooklyn Park, Minnesota.