Everand Logo

Welcome to Everand!

  • Discover millions of ebooks, audiobooks, and so much more with a free trial

    Only $11.99/month after trial. Cancel anytime.

    Community Acquired Pneumonia, A Simple Guide To The Condition, Diagnosis, Treatment And Related Conditions
    Community Acquired Pneumonia, A Simple Guide To The Condition, Diagnosis, Treatment And Related Conditions
    Community Acquired Pneumonia, A Simple Guide To The Condition, Diagnosis, Treatment And Related Conditions
    Ebook157 pages1 hour

    Community Acquired Pneumonia, A Simple Guide To The Condition, Diagnosis, Treatment And Related Conditions

    By Kenneth Kee

    ()

    Read preview

    About this ebook

    This book describes Community Acquired Pneumonia, Diagnosis and Treatment and Related Diseases

    Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is one of the most frequent infectious diseases and is an important cause of disease and death worldwide.

    Numerous other micro-organisms can produce CAP in the proper medical situation.

    Epidemiologic data may provide indications to the specific organism causing CAP such as:

    1. The most frequent bacterial pathogen generally is S pneumoniae, even though, in some situations, including in the USA, its incidence is reducing, possibly due to vaccination.

    2. Underlying chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD: H influenzae or M catarrhalis

    3. Recent influenza infection: Staphylococcus aureus or S pneumoniae

    4. Alcoholic patient manifesting with “currant jelly” sputum: Klebsiella pneumoniae

    Also, the atypical CAP pathogens are really frequent sources of CAP and were initially classified as atypical since they are not easily detectable on Gram stain or cultivated on bacteriologic media.

    CAP is normally obtained by inhalation or aspiration of a pathogenic organism.

    Aspiration pneumonia is often induced by multiple micro-organisms (e.g., aerobic/anaerobic oral organisms).

    Typical community-acquired pneumonia

    Typical bacterial pathogens that cause CAP are:
    1. Streptococcus pneumoniae,
    2. Haemophilus influenzae, and
    3. Moraxella catarrhalis.

    With the introduction of novel diagnostic methods, viral respiratory pathogens are more often being identified as frequent causes of CAP.

    The most frequent viral micro-organisms obtained from hospitalized patients with CAP are:
    1. Human rhinovirus and
    2. Influenza.

    Atypical community-acquired pneumonia

    The medical manifestation of “atypical” CAP is often sub-acute and often gradual.

    Also, patients with atypical CAP may present with more subtle pulmonary signs, non-lobar infiltrates on radiography, and numerous extra-pulmonary presentations (e.g., diarrhea, otalgia).

    Atypical CAP pathogens are:
    1. Mycoplasma pneumoniae
    2. Chlamydophila ( Chlamydia) pneumoniae
    3. Legionella pneumophila (Legionnaires disease)
    4. Respiratory viruses such as:
    a. Influenza A and B
    b. Rhinovirus
    c. Respiratory syncytial virus
    d. Human metapneumovirus
    e. Adenovirus 4 and 7
    f. Parainfluenza virus

    Other rare CAP pathogens are:
    1. Viruses
    a. Coxsackievirus
    b. Echovirus
    c. Coronavirus (MERS-CoV, SARS)
    d. Hantavirus
    e. Epstein-Barr virus
    f. Cytomegalovirus
    g. Herpes simplex virus
    h. Human herpesvirus 6
    i. Varicella-zoster virus
    j. Metapneumovirus

    2. Bacteria
    a. Chlamydophila psittaci (psittacosis)
    b. Coxiella burnetii (Q fever)
    c. Francisella tularensis (tularemia)
    d. Mycobacteria
    e. Mycobacteria tuberculosis
    f. Non-tuberculous mycobacteria (uncommon)

    3. Endemic fungi
    a. Histoplasma capsulatum
    b. Cryptococcus neoformans and neoformans gattii
    c. Coccidioides immitis

    The most frequent symptoms of CAP are:
    a. Cough that may bring up green, yellow, or bloody mucus
    b. Fever, which may be mild or high with chills, or severe shaking
    c. Shortness of breath
    d. Breathing and heartbeat that is faster than usual
    e. Sharp or stabbing chest pain that gets worse when the patient breathes in or cough
    f. Fatigue and loss of appetite
    g. Trouble thinking clearly
    h. Excess sweating and clammy skin
    i. Headache
    j. Loss of appetite, low energy, and fatigue
    k. Malaise
    l. White nail syndrome, or leukonychia

    The doctor must first determine whether the patient needs to be in the hospital.

    If the patient is treated in the hospital, the patient will receive:
    1. Fluids and antibiotics
    2. Oxygen therapy
    3. Breathing treatment

    TABLE OF CONTENT
    Introduction
    Chapter 1 Community Ac

    LanguageEnglish
    PublisherKenneth Kee
    Release dateJun 4, 2020
    ISBN9780463985212
    Community Acquired Pneumonia, A Simple Guide To The Condition, Diagnosis, Treatment And Related Conditions
    Author

    Kenneth Kee

    Medical doctor since 1972.Started Kee Clinic in 1974 at 15 Holland Dr #03-102, relocated to 36 Holland Dr #01-10 in 2009.Did my M.Sc (Health Management ) in 1991 and Ph.D (Healthcare Administration) in 1993.Dr Kenneth Kee is still working as a family doctor at the age of 74However he has reduced his consultation hours to 3 hours in the morning and 2 hours inthe afternoon.He first started writing free blogs on medical disorders seen in the clinic in 2007 on http://kennethkee.blogspot.com.His purpose in writing these simple guides was for the health education of his patients which is also his dissertation for his Ph.D (Healthcare Administration). He then wrote an autobiography account of his journey as a medical student to family doctor on his other blog http://afamilydoctorstale.blogspot.comThis autobiography account “A Family Doctor’s Tale” was combined with his early “A Simple Guide to Medical Disorders” into a new Wordpress Blog “A Family Doctor’s Tale” on http://ken-med.com.From which many free articles from the blog was taken and put together into 1000 eBooks.He apologized for typos and spelling mistakes in his earlier books.He will endeavor to improve the writing in futures.Some people have complained that the simple guides are too simple.For their information they are made simple in order to educate the patients.The later books go into more details of medical disorders.He has published 1000 eBooks on various subjects on health, 1 autobiography of his medical journey, another on the autobiography of a Cancer survivor, 2 children stories and one how to study for his nephew and grand-daughter.The purpose of these simple guides is to educate patient on health disorders and not meant as textbooks.He does not do any night duty since 2000 ever since Dr Tan had his second stroke.His clinic is now relocated to the Buona Vista Community Centre.The 2 units of his original clinic are being demolished to make way for a new Shopping Mall.He is now doing some blogging and internet surfing (bulletin boards since the 1980's) startingwith the Apple computer and going to PC.The entire PC is upgraded by himself from XT to the present Pentium duo core.The present Intel i7 CPU is out of reach at the moment because the CPU is still expensive.He is also into DIY changing his own toilet cistern and other electric appliance.His hunger for knowledge has not abated and he is a lifelong learner.The children have all grown up and there are 2 grandchildren who are even more technically advanced than the grandfather where mobile phones are concerned.This book is taken from some of the many articles in his blog (now with 740 posts) A Family Doctor’s Tale.Dr Kee is the author of:"A Family Doctor's Tale""Life Lessons Learned From The Study And Practice Of Medicine""Case Notes From A Family Doctor"

    Read more from Kenneth Kee

    Related to Community Acquired Pneumonia, A Simple Guide To The Condition, Diagnosis, Treatment And Related Conditions

    Related ebooks

    Wellness For You

    View More
    View More

    Related podcast episodes

    Related articles

    • Article

      COPING WITH… Pneumonia

      Dec 24, 2020

      COPING WITH… Pneumonia
      1 min read

    • Article

      Stuck In The Fog

      Oct 9, 2022

      Stuck In The Fog
      2 min read

    • Article

      Long Covid Explained

      Jan 29, 2023

      Long Covid Explained
      2 min read

    • Article

      Fatigue Can Wreck You

      Aug 17, 2023

      Fatigue Can Wreck You
      14 min read

    • Article

      Opinion: A New Self-triage Tool Can Help You Decide If You Need Medical Care For Covid-19

      Mar 20, 2020

      Some people sail through Covid-19 with few or mild symptoms. For others it's a serious illness. If you are worried you might have Covid-19, a self-triage tool can offer guidance.

      5 min read

    • Article

      Long Covid

      Nov 17, 2022

      Long Covid
      3 min read

    • Article

      Long Covid 101

      Oct 20, 2023

      ◗ Why do you believe Covid is not a respiratory disease but a vascular disease? By about January 2020, we had the first reports from China about this terrible disease. There was a high mortality rate and the mode of death, in the end, was the same: r

      11 min read

    • Article

      What Do We Know About Long COVID?

      May 4, 2023

      What is long COVID? What are its symptoms? Can it be treated? Is it dangerous? Researchers have some answers, but it remains one of the pandemic’s great mysteries. Three years in, scientists still aren’t quite sure why some people get stuck with the

      1 min read

    • Article

      I’m A COVID-19 Long-hauler And An Epidemiologist – Here’s How It Feels When Symptoms Last For Months

      Nov 6, 2020

      Imagine being young and healthy, a nonsmoker with no preexisting health conditions, and then waking up one morning feeling like you were being suffocated by an unseen force. Back in March, this was my reality. I had just returned from Europe, and rou

      2 min read

    • Article

      Have Your Say

      Jan 26, 2020

      Over the last 30 years, I have collected and read many books and articles on nutritional medicine and concluded that most authors agree on reasonably safe upper limits for maintenance and therapeutic dosages of vitamins, minerals and other supplement

      3 min read

    • Article

      Coping With A... CHRONIC COUGH

      Aug 4, 2022

      Coping With A... CHRONIC COUGH
      2 min read

    • Article

      What Do We Know About Long Covid?

      Mar 1, 2021

      When the World Health Organization declared a global pandemic in March 2020, the prevailing view was that the majority of the population would experience Covid-19 as a short, relatively mild, flu-like illness lasting less than a fortnight. Researcher

      7 min read

    • Article

      Coping with... A CHRONIC COUGH

      Aug 26, 2020

      Coughing is caused by irritation of the respiratory tract, resulting in muscular spasms of the diaphragm and intercostal muscles in an attempt to clear mucus. Most coughs are due to mild viral upper respiratory infections, which will settle over five

      2 min read

    • Article

      When Covid Never Goes Away

      Mar 6, 2022

      When Covid Never Goes Away
      5 min read

    • Article

      Have Your Say

      Sep 27, 2020

      I was so glad to watch your UK Get Well webinar at the start of the COVID pandemic and hear Dr Sarah Myhill’s recipe for Lugol’s iodine and coconut oil hand sanitizer. I have used it throughout and found it highly effective. Unfortunately, since the

      3 min read

    • Article

      Ask DR PHILIPPA

      Jan 5, 2021

      Q My son has leukaemia and needs something called a stem cell transplant, but there is no one suitable on the register at the moment. Could I help him? A Stem cell transplants are used for patients with illnesses which affect their blood or ability t

      2 min read

    • Article

      When COVID Never Goes Away

      Jul 2, 2022

      When COVID Never Goes Away
      5 min read

    • Article

      The LONG HAUL

      Oct 5, 2022

      The LONG HAUL
      7 min read

    • Article

      Looking Further

      Oct 25, 2021

      Looking Further
      2 min read

    Related categories

    Reviews for Community Acquired Pneumonia, A Simple Guide To The Condition, Diagnosis, Treatment And Related Conditions

    0 ratings

    0 ratings0 reviews

    What did you think?

    Tap to rate

    Review must be at least 10 words

      Book preview

      Community Acquired Pneumonia, A Simple Guide To The Condition, Diagnosis, Treatment And Related Conditions - Kenneth Kee

      Community Acquired Pneumonia,

      A

      Simple

      Guide

      To

      The Condition,

      Diagnosis,

      Treatment

      And

      Related Conditions

      By

      Dr Kenneth Kee

      M.B.,B.S. (Singapore)

      Ph.D (Healthcare Administration)

      Copyright Kenneth Kee 2020 Smashwords Edition

      Published by Kenneth Kee at Smashwords.com

      Dedication

      This book is dedicated

      To my wife Dorothy

      And my children

      Carolyn, Grace

      And Kelvin

      This book describes Community Acquired Pneumonia, Diagnosis and Treatment and Related Diseases which is seen in some of my patients in my Family Clinic.

      (What You Need to Treat Community Acquired Pneumonia)

      This e-Book is licensed for your personal enjoyment only. This eBook may not be re-sold or given away to other people. If you would like to share this book with another person, please purchase an additional copy for each reader.

      If you’re reading this book and did not purchase it, or it was not purchased for your use only, then please return to Smashwords.com and purchase your own copy.

      Thank you for respecting the hard work of this author.

      Introduction

      I have been writing medical articles for my blog: http://kennethkee.blogspot.com (A Simple Guide to Medical Disorder) for the benefit of my patients since 2007.

      My purpose in writing these simple guides was for the health education of my patients.

      Health Education was also my dissertation for my Ph.D (Healthcare Administration).

      I then wrote an autobiography account of my journey as a medical student to family doctor on my other blog: http://afamilydoctorstale.blogspot.com.

      This autobiography account A Family Doctor’s Tale was combined with my early A Simple Guide to Medical Disorders into a new Wordpress Blog A Family Doctor’s Tale on http://kenkee481.wordpress.com.

      From which many free articles from the blog was taken and put together into 800 eBooks.

      Some people have complained that the simple guides are too simple.

      For their information they are made simple in order to educate the patients.

      The later books go into more details of medical disorders.

      The first chapter is always from my earlier blogs which unfortunately tends to have typos and spelling mistakes.

      Since 2013, I have tried to improve my spelling and writing.

      As I tried to bring the patient the latest information about a disorder or illness by reading the latest journals both online and offline, I find that I am learning more and improving on my own medical knowledge in diagnosis and treatment for my patients.

      My diagnosis and treatment capability has improved tremendously from my continued education.

      Just by writing all these simple guides I find that I have learned a lot from your reviews (good or bad), criticism and advice.

      I am sorry for the repetitions in these simple guides as the second chapters onwards have new information as compared to my first chapter taken from my blog.

      I also find repetition definitely help me and maybe some readers to remember the facts in the books more easily.

      I apologize if these repetitions are irritating to some readers.

      Chapter 1

      Community-acquired pneumonia

      What is Community-acquired pneumonia?

      Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is one of the most frequent infectious diseases and is an important cause of disease and death worldwide.

      Numerous other micro-organisms can produce CAP in the proper medical situation.

      Epidemiologic data may provide indications to the specific organism causing CAP such as:

      1. The most frequent bacterial pathogen generally is S pneumoniae, even though, in some situations, including in the USA, its incidence is reducing, possibly due to vaccination.

      2. Underlying chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD: H influenzae or M catarrhalis

      3. Recent influenza infection: Staphylococcus aureus or S pneumoniae

      4. Alcoholic patient manifesting with currant jelly sputum: Klebsiella pneumoniae

      Also, the atypical CAP pathogens are really frequent sources of CAP and were initially classified as atypical since they are not easily detectable on Gram stain or cultivated on bacteriologic media.

      CAP is normally obtained by inhalation or aspiration of a pathogenic organism.

      Aspiration pneumonia is often induced by multiple micro-organisms (e.g., aerobic/anaerobic oral organisms).

      What the causes of Community-acquired pneumonia?

      Causes

      Risk Factors

      Risk factors that increase the chance of getting pneumonia include:

      1. Chronic lung disease (COPD, bronchiectasis, cystic fibrosis)

      2. Cigarette smoking

      3. Brain disorders such as dementia, stroke, brain injury, cerebral palsy, or other brain disorders

      4. Weakened immune system (during cancer treatment, or due to HIV/AIDS, organ transplant, or other diseases)

      5. Recent surgery or trauma

      6. Surgery for cancer of the mouth, throat, or neck

      7. Other serious illnesses, such as heart disease, liver cirrhosis, or diabetes

      Typical community-acquired pneumonia

      Typical bacterial pathogens that cause CAP are:

      1. Streptococcus pneumoniae,

      2. Haemophilus influenzae, and

      3. Moraxella catarrhalis.

      With the introduction of novel diagnostic methods, viral respiratory pathogens are more often being identified as frequent causes of CAP.

      The most frequent viral micro-organisms obtained from hospitalized patients with CAP are:

      1. Human rhinovirus and

      2. Influenza.

      Atypical community-acquired pneumonia

      The medical manifestation of atypical CAP is often sub-acute and often gradual.

      Also, patients with atypical CAP may present with more subtle pulmonary signs, non-lobar infiltrates on radiography, and numerous extra-pulmonary presentations (e.g., diarrhea, otalgia).

      Atypical CAP pathogens are:

      1. Mycoplasma pneumoniae

      2. Chlamydophila ( Chlamydia) pneumoniae

      3. Legionella pneumophila (Legionnaires disease)

      4. Respiratory viruses such as:

      a. Influenza A and B

      b. Rhinovirus

      c. Respiratory syncytial virus

      d. Human metapneumovirus

      e. Adenovirus 4 and 7

      f. Parainfluenza virus

      Other rare CAP pathogens are:

      1. Viruses

      a. Coxsackievirus

      b. Echovirus

      c. Coronavirus (MERS-CoV, SARS)

      d. Hantavirus

      e. Epstein-Barr virus

      f. Cytomegalovirus

      g. Herpes simplex virus

      h. Human herpesvirus 6

      i. Varicella-zoster virus

      j. Metapneumovirus

      2. Bacteria

      a. Chlamydophila psittaci (psittacosis)

      b. Coxiella burnetii (Q fever)

      c. Francisella tularensis (tularemia)

      d. Mycobacteria

      e. Mycobacteria tuberculosis

      f. Non-tuberculous mycobacteria (uncommon)

      3. Endemic fungi (causing sub-acute or chronic pneumonia)

      a. Histoplasma capsulatum

      b. Cryptococcus neoformans and neoformans gattii

      c. Coccidioides immitis

      What the symptoms of Community-acquired pneumonia?

      Symptoms

      The most frequent symptoms of CAP are:

      a. Cough that may bring up green, yellow, or bloody mucus

      b. Fever, which may be mild or high with

      Enjoying the preview?
      Page 1 of 1