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    Hyper-coagulation, A Simple Guide To The Condition, Diagnosis, Treatment And Related Conditions
    Hyper-coagulation, A Simple Guide To The Condition, Diagnosis, Treatment And Related Conditions
    Hyper-coagulation, A Simple Guide To The Condition, Diagnosis, Treatment And Related Conditions
    Ebook156 pages1 hour

    Hyper-coagulation, A Simple Guide To The Condition, Diagnosis, Treatment And Related Conditions

    By Kenneth Kee

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    This book describes Hyper-coagulation, Diagnosis and Treatment and Related Diseases

    Recently I treated an elderly woman who had a sudden transient loss of consciousness with inability to recognize her children for a few minutes after her loss of consciousness and blurring of vision in her left eye.

    There was a small swelling on her left neck which was found to be small blood clot in her common carotid artery in the neck that could have blocked the flow of blood to her brain temporarily to cause a transient ischemic attack.

    She was very lucky that it was only a mild transient ischemic attack.

    Some transient ischemic attack often develop into full fledged strokes with hemiplegia.

    The cause of her blood clot was a dislodged blood clot released from an abnormal heart rhythm which was treated by a heart specialist.

    Unfortunately even with proper treatment of her irregular heart beat, hyper-coagulation can still occur with a resultant mild transient ischemic attack.

    Hyper-coagulation is the medical name for excessive blood clotting.

    A normal and healthy reaction to bleeding for maintaining hemostasis (arrest of bleeding) requires the production of a stable clot, and the process is termed coagulation

    When the patient gets a cut, the body produces a thickened mass of blood cells.

    This thickened blood mass or clot halts the bleeding.

    Proteins in the blood help produce the blood clot.

    This development is termed coagulation.

    Coagulation assists when the patient is damaged since it slows down blood loss.

    Different blood ingredients work together to produce a thrombus

    Arterial thrombosis, such as in myocardial infarction and stroke, is dissimilar from venous thromboses, such as deep venous thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE)

    Hyper-coagulability or hyper-coagulation is the greater tendency of blood to clot (thrombose).

    Hyper-coagulability depicts the abnormal state of exacerbated coagulation or coagulation in the absence of bleeding.

    Occasionally the blood produces a clot when it should not.

    The blood clot is developed while the blood is moving through the body.

    This inclination of the blood to clot excessively is called hyper-coagulation.

    It can be very risky.

    Blood clots can happen in vital organs or move to them, such as the heart and brain.

    This can produce severe health disorders, even death.

    Thromboembolism depicts the movement of a local thrombus to distant areas resulting in luminal obstruction.

    It can cause strokes, heart attacks, damage to internal organs.

    Some people are born with an inclination to form clots.

    This inclination is inherited (which indicates that it runs in the family).

    They may not have sufficient of the proteins that stop the blood from clotting too much.

    Or these proteins may not be doing their function properly.

    Genetic factors can now be recognized in up to 30% of patients with VTE (Venous thromboembolism) and are mainly due to:
    1. Factor V Leiden and
    2. Prothrombin G2021A mutation.

    These 2 hyper-coagulations involve a weak thrombotic (blood clot) risk.

    Other inherited hyper-coagulations are rare such as:
    3. Anti-thrombin III,
    4. Protein C and protein S deficiency (around 1% in the general population)

    They cause a higher risk for thrombosis.

    Acquired factors also affect the coagulation cascade and are:
    1. Surgery,
    2. Pregnancy,
    3. Hormonal replacement therapy,
    4. Contraception,
    5. Malignancy,
    6. Inflammation,
    7. Infection, and
    8. Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia

    Blood clots can cause deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism which is life threatening

    Treatment is usually with anticoagulants such as aspirin, warfarin, heparin.

    TABLE OF CONTENT
    Introduction
    Chapter 1 Hyper-coagulation
    Chapter 2 Causes
    Chapter 3 Sympto

    LanguageEnglish
    PublisherKenneth Kee
    Release dateJun 24, 2020
    ISBN9780463899830
    Hyper-coagulation, A Simple Guide To The Condition, Diagnosis, Treatment And Related Conditions
    Author

    Kenneth Kee

    Medical doctor since 1972.Started Kee Clinic in 1974 at 15 Holland Dr #03-102, relocated to 36 Holland Dr #01-10 in 2009.Did my M.Sc (Health Management ) in 1991 and Ph.D (Healthcare Administration) in 1993.Dr Kenneth Kee is still working as a family doctor at the age of 74However he has reduced his consultation hours to 3 hours in the morning and 2 hours inthe afternoon.He first started writing free blogs on medical disorders seen in the clinic in 2007 on http://kennethkee.blogspot.com.His purpose in writing these simple guides was for the health education of his patients which is also his dissertation for his Ph.D (Healthcare Administration). He then wrote an autobiography account of his journey as a medical student to family doctor on his other blog http://afamilydoctorstale.blogspot.comThis autobiography account “A Family Doctor’s Tale” was combined with his early “A Simple Guide to Medical Disorders” into a new Wordpress Blog “A Family Doctor’s Tale” on http://ken-med.com.From which many free articles from the blog was taken and put together into 1000 eBooks.He apologized for typos and spelling mistakes in his earlier books.He will endeavor to improve the writing in futures.Some people have complained that the simple guides are too simple.For their information they are made simple in order to educate the patients.The later books go into more details of medical disorders.He has published 1000 eBooks on various subjects on health, 1 autobiography of his medical journey, another on the autobiography of a Cancer survivor, 2 children stories and one how to study for his nephew and grand-daughter.The purpose of these simple guides is to educate patient on health disorders and not meant as textbooks.He does not do any night duty since 2000 ever since Dr Tan had his second stroke.His clinic is now relocated to the Buona Vista Community Centre.The 2 units of his original clinic are being demolished to make way for a new Shopping Mall.He is now doing some blogging and internet surfing (bulletin boards since the 1980's) startingwith the Apple computer and going to PC.The entire PC is upgraded by himself from XT to the present Pentium duo core.The present Intel i7 CPU is out of reach at the moment because the CPU is still expensive.He is also into DIY changing his own toilet cistern and other electric appliance.His hunger for knowledge has not abated and he is a lifelong learner.The children have all grown up and there are 2 grandchildren who are even more technically advanced than the grandfather where mobile phones are concerned.This book is taken from some of the many articles in his blog (now with 740 posts) A Family Doctor’s Tale.Dr Kee is the author of:"A Family Doctor's Tale""Life Lessons Learned From The Study And Practice Of Medicine""Case Notes From A Family Doctor"

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      Book preview

      Hyper-coagulation, A Simple Guide To The Condition, Diagnosis, Treatment And Related Conditions - Kenneth Kee

      Hyper-coagulation,

      A

      Simple

      Guide

      To

      The Condition,

      Diagnosis,

      Treatment

      And

      Related Conditions

      By

      Dr Kenneth Kee

      M.B.,B.S. (Singapore)

      Ph.D (Healthcare Administration)

      Copyright Kenneth Kee 2020 Smashwords Edition

      Published by Kenneth Kee at Smashwords.com

      Dedication

      This book is dedicated

      To my wife Dorothy

      And my children

      Carolyn, Grace

      And Kelvin

      This book describes Hyper-coagulation, Diagnosis and Treatment and Related Diseases which is seen in some of my patients in my Family Clinic.

      (What You Need to Treat Hyper-coagulation)

      This e-Book is licensed for your personal enjoyment only. This eBook may not be re-sold or given away to other people. If you would like to share this book with another person, please purchase an additional copy for each reader.

      If you’re reading this book and did not purchase it, or it was not purchased for your use only, then please return to Smashwords.com and purchase your own copy.

      Thank you for respecting the hard work of this author.

      Introduction

      I have been writing medical articles for my blog: http://kennethkee.blogspot.com (A Simple Guide to Medical Disorder) for the benefit of my patients since 2007.

      My purpose in writing these simple guides was for the health education of my patients.

      Health Education was also my dissertation for my Ph.D (Healthcare Administration).

      I then wrote an autobiography account of my journey as a medical student to family doctor on my other blog: http://afamilydoctorstale.blogspot.com.

      This autobiography account A Family Doctor’s Tale was combined with my early A Simple Guide to Medical Disorders into a new Wordpress Blog A Family Doctor’s Tale on http://kenkee481.wordpress.com.

      From which many free articles from the blog was taken and put together into 800 eBooks.

      Some people have complained that the simple guides are too simple.

      For their information they are made simple in order to educate the patients.

      The later books go into more details of medical disorders.

      The first chapter is always from my earlier blogs which unfortunately tends to have typos and spelling mistakes.

      Since 2013, I have tried to improve my spelling and writing.

      As I tried to bring the patient the latest information about a disorder or illness by reading the latest journals both online and offline, I find that I am learning more and improving on my own medical knowledge in diagnosis and treatment for my patients.

      My diagnosis and treatment capability has improved tremendously from my continued education.

      Just by writing all these simple guides I find that I have learned a lot from your reviews (good or bad), criticism and advice.

      I am sorry for the repetitions in these simple guides as the second chapters onwards have new information as compared to my first chapter taken from my blog.

      I also find repetition definitely help me and maybe some readers to remember the facts in the books more easily.

      I apologize if these repetitions are irritating to some readers.

      Chapter 1

      Hyper-coagulation

      What is Hyper-coagulation?

      Hyper-coagulation is the medical name for excessive blood clotting.

      A normal and healthy reaction to bleeding for maintaining hemostasis (arrest of bleeding) requires the production of a stable clot, and the process is termed coagulation

      When the patient gets a cut, the body produces a thickened mass of blood cells.

      This thickened blood mass or clot halts the bleeding.

      Proteins in the blood help produce the blood clot.

      This development is termed coagulation.

      Coagulation assists when the patient is damaged since it slows down blood loss.

      Different blood ingredients work together to produce a thrombus

      Arterial thrombosis, such as in myocardial infarction and stroke, is dissimilar from venous thromboses, such as deep venous thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE)

      Hyper-coagulability or hyper-coagulation is the greater tendency of blood to clot (thrombose).

      Hyper-coagulability depicts the abnormal state of exacerbated coagulation or coagulation in the absence of bleeding.

      Occasionally the blood produces a clot when it should not.

      The blood clot is developed while the blood is moving through the body.

      This inclination of the blood to clot excessively is called hyper-coagulation.

      It can be very risky.

      Blood clots can happen in vital organs or move to them, such as the heart and brain.

      This can produce severe health disorders, even death.

      Thromboembolism depicts the movement of a local thrombus to distant areas resulting in luminal obstruction.

      Dissimilar hyper-coagulation states and thrombophilic diseases produce hyper-coagulability.

      What are the causes of Hyper-coagulation?

      Causes

      Hyper-coagulation is an altered clotting process in the blood.

      The normal clotting process is termed hemostasis (arrest of bleeding).

      It will stop bleeding if the patient has an injury such as a cut.

      When a blood vessel is damaged, the clotting process is activated.

      This is termed the clotting cascade.

      It is a chain response of different chemicals in the blood which are termed clotting factors.

      The clotting cascade induces the blood to solidify into a clot, which attaches to the damaged part of the blood vessel.

      Small particles in the blood, termed platelets, also assist to form the clot.

      Natural chemicals in the blood work against the clotting system, to stop the blood clotting too much.

      Hyper-coagulation happens if the normal balance of the clotting system is disturbed.

      There may be too much of a clotting factor or too little of a chemical that resists clotting.

      Hyper-coagulation can produce unwanted blood clots (thromboses).

      This does not indicate that every person with hyper-coagulation will form a blood clot.

      It indicates that the patient has a higher danger than the normal process of having clots.

      The extra danger will be dependent on the type of hyper-coagulation that the patient has.

      Hyper-coagulation disorders are either acquired or inherited.

      The actual thrombosis happens due to the interplay of both genetic and environmental factors and accompanies the multiple hit hypotheses which can explain the inter-individual differences seen in patients with inherited mutations.

      Inherited hyper-coagulation

      Some people are born with an inclination to form clots.

      This inclination is inherited (which indicates that it runs in the family).

      They may not have sufficient of the proteins that stop the blood from clotting too

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