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Anna Freud .
Helena Yeung IB Psychology Y1

The Freud Family:

Born on December 3, 1895. Parents: Martha and Sigmund Freud. She was the youngest of 6 children. 2 sisters: Mathilde and Sophie. 3 brothers: Oliver, Ernst, Jean Martin. She did not really get along with anyone in her family except for her father, Sigmund Freud.

Annas Education:
Attended

the Cottage Lyceum in Vienna, but got most of what she learned from her father or visitors to their home. 17. in 1912 at

Graduated 1914:

she passed an exam allowing her to become an apprentice in elementary school teaching. She went to England to improve her English and where

http://www.freud.org.uk/anna 3.jpg

She became at very least her father's symbolic successor.

http://www.bbc.co.uk/blogs/ni/el-profesor-freud.jpg

- Dr. C. George Boeree

+ Psychoanalysis: Defined
Psychoanalysis

is a method of analyzing psychic phenomena and treating emotional disorders that involves treatment sessions during which the patient is encouraged to talk freely about personal experiences and especially about early childhood and dreams. other words, it is the study of mental processes and behavior of human beings. It is used to treat mental illness and emotional disorders. was created by Annas father

In

It

Sigmund Freuds Theories:

According to Sigmund Freud, childhood memories greatly affect a person as an adult, sometimes causing emotional disorders. If these stages are somehow interrupted, this can lead to mental illness during adulthood. Anna was very much influenced by her fathers work. She created child psychoanalysis, which is basically applying normal psychoanalysis to children and making use of some of her own theories.

Annas Theories:
Anna

believed that children go through several normal stages of psychological development. These stages can be seen through direct observation of a child. treat children for certain mental illnesses and emotional problems, psychoanalysts must be aware of these stages and able to understand them.

To

Anna and Psychoanalysis:

She was first seriously introduced to it in 1918 when her father began psychoanalyzing her. Both she and her father attended the International Psychoanalytical Congress at The Hague in 1920. In 1922 she presented her first paper, Beating Fantasies and Daydreams to the Vienna Psychoanalytical Society gaining her admission to it. 1923: she began her own child psychoanalysis practice and seminars on the subject at the Vienna Psychoanalytical Training

+ Anna and Psychoanalysis (cont.):

1927: Anna published her first book, Introduction to the Techniques of Child Analysis, a collection of lectures.

1927-1934: she fulfilled her duties as the General Secretary of the International Psychoanalytical Association, continuing with her practice and seminars, and taking care of her father who had developed cancer in 1923.

1935: she became director of the Vienna Psychoanalytical Training Institute and the following year her book, The Ego and the Mechanisms of Defense was published. This was a study of ways and means by which the ego wards off displeasure and anxiety.

Anna Freud and the Ego

Her father focused more on the unconscious id, but Anna put more emphasis on the Ego.

http://www.flickr.com/photos/thereisnocat/447795262/in/photostream/

-Rose Edgcumbe

Signal Anxiety and Types of + Anxiety

"not directly a conflicted instinctual tension but a signal occurring in the ego of an anticipated instinctual tension". -Anna Freud

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1.

Defense mechanismsFreud mentioned them, but Anna systematically organized them. Repression Displacement Denial Projection

Introduced by Anna FreudWhen you identify with the person that is causing you anxiety

Reaction Formation Intellectualization Rationalization Sublimation

Identification with the Aggressor Altruism

Doing good deeds so you feel good about yourself.

+ Level One Defense Mechanisms

+ Level Three Defense Mechanisms

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All structures of personality (The Id, Ego, Superego) are present by the end of the phallic stage. A typical person establishes balance by the age of 5, so by the latency stage, the persons ego can defend from anxiety.

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UntilAdolescence

WHY ?
Anna Freud claimed that all people will have their balance destroyed in adolescence.
- Richard M. Lerner

+ Alteration in Drives
you grow adult genital drives, and therefore the balance is disrupted. Called developmental disturbance because it in universal and inevitable.

The adolescent is necessarily involved in dangers which did not exist before and with what he is not accustomed to deal. Since at this stage, he lives and functions still as a member of his family unit, he runs the risk of allowing the new genital urges to connect his old love objects, that is, his parents, brothers, sisters - Richard Incest is unacceptable in most cultures, M. Lerner.
therefore, a defense against this must be formed, causing a personality change.

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The

Alteration in Ego Organization-

newfound drive causes the person much disturbance

Leads

Intellectualization = talking back to your parents. Using intellectual reasons to justify ones behavior

to unpredictable behavior because the person tries all formerly useful defenses against the new urges
Puts

strain on the person because these formerly useful defenses are not as effective
Develops

defense mechanismINTELLETUALIZATION

+ Alterations in Object Relation

Nothing helps here except a complete discarding of the people who were important love objects of the child, that is, the parents. - Anna Freud

The chance of accidentally acting on the newfound genital drives is so large, that

And therefore causes.alteration in ideals and social relations

Once having broken ties with parents, the adolescent has also changed all former ideals and views. Therefore- the adolescent is left without ideals or social ties. This causes the adolescent to find substitutes- friends. Can be justified, and the newfound genital drive (which is the cause for all the alterations) can possibly be dealt with in a way

Annas Establishments:
1938:

Austria was taken over by the Nazis in 1938 forcing Anna and her family to leave for London. the outbreak of the war in September of 1939 around the same time as the death of her father, Anna founded the Hampstead War Nursery that provided shelter for 80 children of single-parent families.

After

+ Annas Establishments (cont.)

Her

main objective for this nursery was for the children to form attachments by providing continuity of relationships with the helpers and by encouraging mothers to visit as often as possible. After the experience of running the nursery, Anna and a close friend, Dorothy Burlingham, published Young Children in Wartime and Infants without Families about their studies of children under stress. 1947 she and Kate Friedlaender opened the Hampstead Child Therapy Courses, training English and American child therapists. A childrens clinic followed it fives years later. Because she was training both English people and Americans, this helped to quickly spread

In

Annas Awards:

Honorary Doctorate Examples: 1950: Clark University (where her father had lectured before.) 1972: A medical honorary doctorate given by Vienna University 1980: Harvard University. In 1967: she was given a C.B.E. by Queen Elizabeth II. In 1973 she was made honorary president the International Psychoanalytic Association. Two years after she was given her honorary doctorate from Harvard, on

+ Research Methods

She based her research on her fathers work. She worked as a teacher, therefore, has first hand observational experience with children Natural Experiments Long term study of patients- from childhood to adolescence. She encouraged pooling of information from all analysts

+ Limitations of her work

Like her father, her work cannot be falsified.

Her view on adolescents is very stereotypical! Not all of them are like that.

Her work is an extensive theory and doctors regard clinical work over extensive theory therefore Anna Freuds work isnt that popular. Doctors prefer a simpler approach, but as we look into her theory, its clear that a too simple approach is inadequate.

Works Cited
Anna Freud Biographical Essay. (1998). Anna Freud. In Encyclopedia of World biography Supplement, Vol. 18. Gale Research [Web]. Farmington Hills, MI: Gale. Retrieved November 21 1008, from http://galenet.galegroup.com/servlet/history Anna Freud. In Wikipedia [Web]. Media Wiki. Retrieved November 20 2008, from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anna_Freud Boeree, C. G. (1998). Anna Freud 1895-1982. Retrieved November 23, 2008, from Personality Theories Web site: http://webspace.ship.edu/cgboer/annafreud.html Defense Mechanism. In Wikipedia [Web]. Retrieved November 20 2008, from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ego_defenses Edgcumbe, R. (2000). Anna Freud: A View of Development, Disturbance and Therapeutic Techniques. Routledge. Lerner, R. M. (2002). Concepts and Theories of Human Developement. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. Life and Work of Anna Freud. Retrieved November 19, 2008, from Freud Museum London Web site: http://www.freud.org.uk/fmanna.htm Whetham, P (2006). Psychology. Melton, Australia: IBID.

THANK YOU +