Hoisting System

Drilling Engineering Fall 2011
Drilling Engineering
PE 311
Prepared by: Tan Nguyen
General Information
Instructor: Tan Nguyen
Class: T and TH 11 pm - 12:15 pm

Room: Cramer 101 Office: MSEC 372 Office Hours: T and TH 1:00 pm 3:00 pm or by appointment Phone: 835-5483 E-mail: tcnguyen@nmt.edu
Required Materials
1.
Applied Drilling Engineering Adam T. Bourgoyne SPE
textbook
2. 3. 4. Drilling Engineering Handbook Volume II Robert Mitchell Class notes PowerPoint slides
Grading
Homework: 20% Quizzes: 20% Midterm exam: 30% Final: 30%
Movie
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DniNIvE69SE&feature=relate d
Main Rig Components
Main Rig Components

1. Power System 2. Hoisting System 3. Fluid Circulating System 4. Rotary System 5. Well Control System 6. Well Monitoring System
Main Topics in Drilling

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Rotary drilling Drilling fluids Drilling hydraulics Drilling bits Directional drilling
6.
7. 8. 9. 10.
Formation and fracture pressure

Cements Casing design Tubing design Other topics: under balance drilling, cutting transport, etc.
Introduction
What we want to do is: To make a hole! But we have to make it economically and safely
Steps To Drill an Oil/Gas Well

1. Complete or obtain seismic, log, scouting information or other data. 2. Lease the land or obtain concession. 3. Calculate reserves or estimate from best data available. 4. If reserve estimates show payout, proceed with well. 5. Obtain permits from conservation/national authority. 6. Prepare drilling and completion program. 7. Ask for bids on footage, day work, or combination from selected drilling contractors based on drilling program. 8. If necessary, modify program to fit selected contractor equipment.
Steps To Drill an Oil/Gas Well

9. Construct road, location/platforms and other marine equipment necessary for access to site.
10. Gather all personnel concerned for meeting prior to commencing drilling (prespud meeting)
11. If necessary, further modify program. 12. Drill well. 13. Move off contractor if workover unit is to complete the well. 14. Complete well. 15. Install surface facilities. 16. Analysis of operations with concerned personnel.
Drilling Rig
A drilling rig is a machine which creates holes (usually called boreholes) in the ground. Drilling rigs can be massive structures housing equipment used to drill water wells, oil wells, or natural gas wells, or they can be small enough to be moved manually by one person. They sample sub-surface mineral deposits, test rock, soil and groundwater physical properties, and also can be used to install sub-surface fabrications, such as underground utilities, instrumentation, tunnels or wells. Drilling rigs can be mobile equipment mounted on trucks, tracks or trailers, or more permanent land or marine-based structures (such as oil platforms, commonly called 'offshore oil rigs' even if they don't contain a drilling rig). The term "rig" therefore generally refers to the complex of equipment that is used to penetrate the surface of the Earth's crust.
Drilling Rig
Drilling rig preparing rock blasting
Water well drilling rig

Drilling Rig
Oil drilling rig offshore Oil drilling rig onshore
Drilling Rig
The most common drill rigs are of the rotary rig type. Today's rotary drill rig consists of multiple engines that supply: (1) power, (2) hoisting equipment that raises and lowers the drill string (drill pipe), and (3) rotating equipment that turns the drill string and the drill bit. These engines also drive the circulating equipment that pumps liquids (mud) down the hole to lubricate the drill string and drill bit which are rotating in the hole. These liquids remove cuttings (loose bits of rock), and controls downhole pressure to prevent blowouts (unexpected pressure, which overcomes the weight of the drilling mud and explodes to the surface).
Drilling Rig
While the bit cuts the rock at the bottom of the hole, surface pumps are forcing drilling fluids down the hole through the inside of the drill pipe and out the bit. This fluid lubricates and removes cuttings. The fluid (with the cuttings) then flows out the center of the drill bit and is forced back up the outside of the drill pipe onto the surface of the ground where it is cleaned of debris and pumped back down the hole. This is an endless cycle that is maintained as long as the drill bit is turning in the hole. In generally, there are four main systems of a rotary drilling process including: Rig power system, hoisting system, drill string components, and circulating system.
Rig Power System

The power generated by the power system is used principally for five main operations: (1) rotating, (2) hosting, (3) drilling fluid circulation, (4) rig lighting system, and (5) hydraulic systems. However, most of the generated power is consumed by the hoisting and fluid circulation systems. In most cases these two systems are not used simultaneously, so the same engines can perform both functions. Rig power system performance characteristics generally are stated in terms of output hoursepower, torque, and fuel consumption for various engine speeds. The following equations perform various design calculations:
Rig Power System
Rig Power System

P shaft power developed by engine, hp (1) Qi heat energy consumed by the engine, hp
(2)
Et overall power system efficiency

w angular velocity of the shaft, rad/min;
(3)
w = 2pN with N is the shaft speed in RPM
T output torque, ft-lbf

Wf volumetric fuel consumption, gal/hour H heating value of diesel, 19,000 BTU/lbm
rd density of diesel, 7.2 lbm/gal

33,000 conversion factor, ft-lbf/min/hp
Rig Power System
Fuel Type diesel gasoline butane methane
Density (lbm/gal) 7.2 6.6 4.7 ---
Heating Value (Btu/lbm) 19,000 20,000 21,000 24,000
Rig Power System

Example 1.1. A diesel engine gives an output torque of 1740 ft-lbf at an engine speed of 1,200 rpm. If the fuel consumption rate was 31.5 gal/hr, what is the output power and overall efficiency of the engine. Solution: Angular velocity: w = 2pN = 2p(1200) = 7,539.84 rad/min
The power output:
Heat energy consumed by the engine:
Overal efficiency:
Hoisting System
The function of the hoisting system is to get the necessary equipment in and out of the hole as rapidly as is economically possible. The principal items of equipment that are used in the hole are drillstring, casing, and miscellaneous instruments such as logging and hole deviation instruments. The major components of the hoisting system are: (1) the derrick, (2) the block and tackle system, (3) the drawworks, (4) miscellaneous hoisting equipment such as hooks, elevators, and weight indicator.
Derrick
The function of the derrick is to provide the vertical height required to raise sections of pipe from or lower them into the hole. Derricks are rated according to their height and their ability to withstand compressive and wind loads. The greater the height of the derrick, the longer the section of pipe that can be handled. The most commonly used drillpipe is between 27-30 feet. To provide working space below the derrick floor for pressure control valves called blowout preventer, the derrick usually is elevated above the ground level by placement on a substructure.
Making a Trip
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5f3STxhzICQ http://www.osha.gov/SLTC/etools/oilandgas/drilling/trippingout_in.html#
Making a Trip
Tripping Out
Setting Slips Breaking Out and Setting Back the Kelly Attaching Elevators to the Elevator Links Latching Elevators to Pipe Working on the Monkeyboard Breaking Out Pipe Maneuvering Pipe to Racking Area
Tripping In
Elevators raised Tripping In -- Latching Elevators to Top of Stand
Moving pipe to rotary

Pipe is made up Slips are pulled Slips are set
Elevators are unlatched

Process repeated for all stands Pickup kelly and attach to drill string Break circulation, and Resume drilling
Making a Connection / Tripping In
Making a mouse hole connection
Making a Connection / Tripping In

Stabbing the Pipe Single Added. Ready to Drill
Moving Kelly to Single in Mousehole
Tripping Out
Put Kelly in Rathole
Use Elevators for tripping
Tripping Out
Block and Tackle

Block and tackle is comprised of the crown block, the travelling block, and the drilling line. The principal function of the block and tackle is to provide a mechanical advantage which permits easier handling of large loads.
Machenical Advantage
The mechanical advantage M of a block and tackle is defined as the ratio of the
load supported by the traveling block, W, and the load imposed on the
drawworks, Ff.
(4)
Pully
A pulley transfers a force along a rope without changing its magnitude. In Figure a, there is a force (tension) on the rope that is equal to the weight of the object. This
force or tension is the same all along the rope. For this simple pulley system, the
force is equal to the weight, as shown in the picture. The mechanical advantage of this system is 1!. In the Figure b, the pulley is moveable. As the rope is pulled up, it can also move up. Now the weight is supported by both the rope end attached to the upper bar and the end held by the person! Each side of the rope is supporting the weight, so each side carries only half the weight. So the force needed to hold up the pulley in this example
is 1/2 the weight! Now the mechanical advantage of this system is 2.
Pully
Block and Tackle

Without friction between the block and the tackle, the mechanical advantage is given by (5) Equation (1.5) tells us the ideal mechanical advantage is equal to the number of lines. For frictionless between the block and tackle, the power efficiency is given by
(6)
In general, the power efficiency can be calculated (7)
Block and Tackle

The load applied to the derrick, Fd, is the sum of the hook load, W, the tension in the dead line, Fs, and the tension in the fast line, Ff: (8)
The total derrick load is not distributed equally over all four derrick legs. Since the
drawworks is located on one side of the derrick floor, the tension in the fast line is
distributed over only two of the four legs. Also, the dead line affects only the leg to which it is attached. If E > 0.5, the load on leg A is greatest of all four legs. Since if any leg fails, the entire derrick also fails, it is convenient to define a maximum equivalent derrick load, Fde, which is equal to four times the maximum leg load.
Block and Tackle

Maximum equivalent derrick load:
(9)
Drawworks
Drawworks is the key operating component of the hoisting system. On most modern rotary drilling rigs, the prime movers either operate the hoisting drum within the
drawworks or operate the rotary table through the transmission within the drawworks.
Thus the drawworks is a complicated mechanical system with many functions: Transmit power from the prime movers to its hoisting drum to lift drill string, casing, or tubing string, or to pull in excess of these string loads to free stuck pipe.
Provide the braking systems on the hoist drum for lowering drill string, casing string, or
tubing string into the borehole. Transmit power from the prime movers to the rotary drive sprocket to drive the rotary table Transmit power to the catheads for breaking out and making up drill string, casing and tubing string.
Drawworks
Drawworks
Efficiency Factor, E
The input power to the drawworks is calculated by taking into account the efficiency of the chain drives and shafts inside the drawworks. The efficiency factor E is given by the following equation:
Where K is sheave and line efficiency per sheave; K = 0.9615 is in common use.
Example
Example 1.2: A rig must hoist a load of 300,000 lbf. The drawworks can provide an input power to the block and tackle system as high as 500 hp. Eight lines are strung
between the crown block and traveling block. Calculate:

1. The static tension in the fast line when upward motion is impending 2. The maximum hook horsepower available.
3. The maximum hoisting speed

4. The actual derrick load 5. The maximum equivalent derrick load
6. The derrick efficiency factor
Example
1. The static tension in the fast line when upward motion is impending
2. The maximum hook horsepower available.
Ph = Epi = 0.844 x 500 = 420.5 hp

3. The maximum hoisting speed
4. The actual derrick load
5. The maximum equivalent derrick load
6. The derrick efficiency factor

Hoisting System

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Hoisting System

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Drilling Engineering Fall 2011

Prepared by: Tan Nguyen

Drilling Engineering Fall 2011

Instructor: Tan Nguyen

Class: T and TH 11 pm - 12:15 pm

Prepared by: Tan Nguyen

Drilling Engineering Fall 2011

Applied Drilling Engineering Adam T. Bourgoyne SPE

Prepared by: Tan Nguyen

Drilling Engineering Fall 2011

Homework: 20% Quizzes: 20% Midterm exam: 30% Final: 30%

Prepared by: Tan Nguyen

Drilling Engineering Fall 2011

Prepared by: Tan Nguyen

Drilling Engineering Fall 2011

Main Rig Components

Prepared by: Tan Nguyen

Drilling Engineering Fall 2011

Main Rig Components

Prepared by: Tan Nguyen

Drilling Engineering Fall 2011

Main Topics in Drilling

Formation and fracture pressure

Prepared by: Tan Nguyen

Drilling Engineering Fall 2011

Prepared by: Tan Nguyen

Drilling Engineering Fall 2011

Steps To Drill an Oil/Gas Well

Prepared by: Tan Nguyen

Drilling Engineering Fall 2011

Steps To Drill an Oil/Gas Well

Prepared by: Tan Nguyen

Drilling Engineering Fall 2011

Prepared by: Tan Nguyen

Drilling Engineering Fall 2011

Drilling rig preparing rock blasting

Water well drilling rig

Drilling Engineering Fall 2011

Oil drilling rig offshore Oil drilling rig onshore

Prepared by: Tan Nguyen

Drilling Engineering Fall 2011

Prepared by: Tan Nguyen

Drilling Engineering Fall 2011

Prepared by: Tan Nguyen

Drilling Engineering Fall 2011

Rig Power System

Prepared by: Tan Nguyen

Drilling Engineering Fall 2011

Rig Power System

Prepared by: Tan Nguyen

Drilling Engineering Fall 2011

Rig Power System

Et overall power system efficiency

w = 2pN with N is the shaft speed in RPM

T output torque, ft-lbf

rd density of diesel, 7.2 lbm/gal

Drilling Engineering Fall 2011

Rig Power System

Fuel Type diesel gasoline butane methane

Density (lbm/gal) 7.2 6.6 4.7 ---

Heating Value (Btu/lbm) 19,000 20,000 21,000 24,000

Prepared by: Tan Nguyen

Drilling Engineering Fall 2011