Basic Proportionality Theorem

Name : Saksham Gupta Class : X A Roll No. : 23 Students I. D. : 27/2000 Teachers name : Mr. Jagmohan Sharma Subject : Maths

The ratio of any two corresponding sides in two equiangular triangles is always the same. It is believed that he had used a result called the Basic Proportionality Theorem (now known as the Thales Theorem) for the same. It states that :

If a line is drawn parallel to one side of a triangle to intersect the other two sides in distinct points, the other two sides are divided in the same ratio.

We are given a triangle ABC in which a line parallel to side BC intersects other two sides AB and AC at D and E respectively. A

N
D

M
E

To Prove: AD = AE DB EC join BE and CD and then draw DM AC and EN AB. area of ADE =1 (base height) =1 AD EN. 2 2 ar(ADE) = 1 AD EN 2 ar(BDE) = 1 DB EN, 2 ar(ADE) =1/2 AE DM and ar(DEC) = EC DM. ar(ADE)= 1/2 AD EN = AD ar(BDE) 1/2 DB EN DB ar(ADE) = 1/2 AE DM = AE ar(DEC) EC DM EC

(1)

(2)

Note that BDE and DEC are on the same base DE and between the same parallels BC and DE. So, ar(BDE) = ar(DEC) (3) Therefore, from (1), (2) and (3), we have : AD = AE DB EC

FOR RIGHT TRIANGLE

A

Given: ABC is a right triangle DE || BC

D To prove : AB= AE DB EC B Construction : Join CD and BE Draw DM AC Draw DE AB C E

Proof : We know, DE || BC Ar (ADE) = x base x altitude = DE x AD Ar(BDE) = x BDx DE Ar(ADE)= x AE x DM Ar(CDE) = EFC x DM Ar(ADE) = x AD x DE = AD Ar(BDE) = x BD x DE =BD Ar (ADE) = x AE x DM = AE Ar (CDE) x EC x DM EC (1)

(2)

Both triangle BDE & triangle CDE are on the same base DE and between the same parallels DE & BC. Ar ( BDE) = Ar(CDE) From (1), (2) and (3) we get AD= AE DB EC Hence proved. (3)

Proof for obtuse angled triangle

Given : Triangle ABC is and obtuse angled triangle. MN|| BC To Prove : AM= AN MB NC A D N M E B

Construction : Join MC and NB Draw NE AB Draw MD AM Proof : Ar ( AMN) = base x altitude = x AM x NE Ar(BMN)= x BMxNE Ar(AMN )= x AN x MD Ar ( CMN) = NC x MD
Ar (AMN) = x Am x NE = AM Ar (BMN) = X BM x NE = BM Ar (AMN) = x AN x MD = AN Ar (CMN) x NC x MD NC (1)

(2)

Both triangle BMN and triangle CMN are on the same base MN and between the same parallels MN and BC. Ar ( BMN) = Ar (CMN) (3) From (1) , (2) and (3) we get AM = AN BM NC HENCE PROVED.

HISTORY OF BPT
Thales, an engineer by trade, was the first of the Seven Sages, or wise men of Ancient Greece. Thales is known as the first Greek philosopher, mathematician and scientist. He founded the geometry of lines, so is given credit for introducing abstract geometry. While Thales was in Egypt, he was supposedly able to determine the height of a pyramid by measuring the length of its shadow when the length of his own shadow was equal to his height. Thales learned about the Egyptian rope-pullers and their methods of surveying land for the Pharaoh using stakes and ropes. Property boundaries had to be re-established each year after the Nile flooded.

Thales is credited with the following five theorems of geometry: A circle is bisected by its diameter. Angles at the base of any isosceles triangle are equal. If two straight lines intersect, the opposite angles formed are equal. If one triangle has two angles and one side equal to another triangle, the two triangles are equal in all respects. Any angle inscribed in a semicircle is a right angle. This is known as Thales' Theorem.