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7 Francis Fukuyama, The End of History? The National Interest (Summer), 1989.
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9 Paul Ricoeur, Lidlogie et lutopie, Paris, France: dition du Seuil, 1997.

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12 Miguel Abensour, Pierre Leroux, le prophte enrag , Hors-Srie Nouvel Observateur La grande histoire des gauches 1789-2010 n. 75, Avril-Mai 2010.

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Summary
THE PERSPECTIVES OF SOCIALISMS REFORMULATION
After the Failure of the Soviet Experience

Khachik S. Der Ghugassian

The article proposes a critical look at the different ideological understandings and
experiences of socialism after the fall of the Soviet Union and the failure of the historical experience of the so-called Real Socialism and the building of a Communist fu-

48


() , 2 (38) -, 2012

ture for humanity. It starts analyzing the post-Cold War dominant paradigm of the End
of History, which paradoxically sustains the forthcoming of a de-ideologized world but
assumes the guiding role of a one unique model of political and economic development.
The article then compares the right-turn of European Social-Democracy with the rise
of the center-left in Latin America highlighting the crisis of the first and the reasons of
the re-emergence of the latter within a clear engagement with democracy instead of
praising, as in the past, revolutionary utopias. In Latin America, we are witnessing democracy opening the way to socialism. Based upon the comparative analysis of Europe
and Latin America, the study concludes with a broad reflection about the perspective of
a socialist reformulation in the Eurasian continent. Thus, it sustains that the pursuit of a
socially just order in former Soviet countries should aim at the strengthening of a middle-class and civil society to start de-centralizing power and wealth concentration and
system change instead of aspiring to become government.

49