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The International Educational Academy is an organisation established


by Prof.Kakarla Subbarao , an internationally renowned radiologist . It was in
the year 1991 that the Academy was founded and the school itself began
functioning from June 1991. The school, located a little away from Tolichowki
in the suburbs of Hyderabad in a six acre garden estate, is fully furnished with
sprawling play fields.
The primary objective of the school is to develop the faculties of the
child to make him/her truly international in outlook. Here emphasis Sunishka Sudheer Misala
VII -C
is not merely on the academic endeavor but also in developing other
faculties like scientific temper , self discipline , social and human values . The school has adopted
as its mottoes the four pillars of education recommended by the UNESCO International
Commission on Education namely, LEARN TO KNOW , LEARN TO DO , LEARN TO LIVE
TOGETHER & LEARN TO BE .
The school has opted for the ICSE syllabus . So far sixteen batches of the students who have
been sent up have done the school proud by scoring high percentage of marks. A lot of stress is
given to the co-curricular activities. Yoga, Karate, Dance, Drama, Craft work, Classical and
light music are some of the facilities offered to the children of the school. In addition children
are encouraged to participate in elocution, essay writing, quiz, Science and Math Olympiad etc
. Computer Science is compulsory from class II. The school has well equipped computer labs ,
HCL Digi Labs and also multi media labs. The school has a wonderful large spacious library with
a big treasure of books. Volley ball is the game of the school . In additioncricket, shuttle , table
tennis , kho-kho, basket ball and kabaddi are other
games for which field and facilities are available .
In a very short span of time the school which began
with 150 students on its roll , now stands at a
staggering 2013 ! The staff are highly qualified and
very motivated. With eminent persons on the
School board and with constant support by
Prof.Kakarla Subbarao, the School has certainly
carved a niche for itself .
Prof.

Kakarla Subbarao
Chairman

>dT 1`15, 2012

INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL
Shaikpet , Hyderabad 500 008
6

Sudha Ramanan
Principal

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28

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30

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33

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+>s++{ neX+ sTT+<+ |
$eTs\T >T|++~. 2020 H{ |#d ejTdT
+&y] d+K #H H usY nH sT
me> +T+<, Hu |syTq kqTL\
|]d e\ n|{ #H qT n~$ T+# neX+ usY
+T+< Cd+ #| +~.
H\T>H &T eTq n+ u>T+< n|++~.
n$ q&<T. eTq sjT HjT\+

>dT 1`15, 2012

` H ydt

dN\TsT>H |+#sT. ss dT\T , nqy


seT#+< n+ n&T Tq nu>T\T eTq
>TsT s<T. ]+>q, d+>q q+
n_e~ k~+#+< u < eT+&* XX du +
< neX\T b sTTq|{ $wj y\H
$d]+#+.
|T<\ eTq+ =+ |s> k~+q e
yT. \ &\s ] eed> m~>+. <X
=$T~ qT+ 10 X + < e~ s TqT
n+<T=q>*>+. BH <s+ #dT n+<\|
\\T H+. eTq #T q ydy eTsbj+.
ss d, <]<\ &TeT* s+> |DTq
eqe eqsT\ =s e\ e~ sT eT+<++~.
H S eTq+ eTs bsTTqe | & T
>TsT=dTHsTT. < $|+. eTq~ ||+#+H
n+ n$eTjT<X+. eTq q<T\ \Tw
ks, Xw+bTHsTT. >* $wT\+. ]
eed |q eTe+~. |uT + n#q +> |& +~.
|| \T eTT&T+THsTT. j s+>+
< X \+ mq& q + > eT+< ++~.
sj \T <eTjsTT. +{ $wj \ |&T
eTq >TsT =d, uj
T |&TTHsTT. e n_e~
<rdyqq dV \es+ *k+~.
|]d T \T @MT u> e yT. |uT +
d+_++~. ssV eed |#jT&<T.
$#sD\T, rsT $| C|+ HjTeek
n|wb\e+~. |CkeT k< H\T>
eT\d+ u+ > q | eed sj Xd+#
ksTT #sT +~. nsu $|e + sV eTq <X+ q
|C $|e+ |sekq+> n& eTTd+ eTy<
|uT+ @sf+~. |e< |T+{\T y>TTH
yTqb m? eTq <X+ n+{ $|e + ed
n+ kqTL\ |]De d+u$kjT m
#| >\+? sjT HjT* ]rj\+Tq nH
+<+, yd>, Hs> L&Tq bsy T +T eTq

35

d fyT

dTs <eT+ | d+

+<T n |k+~. eTq sT>T bsT>T <X


|CkeT eed* \Vq |]q <]$T dq +,
HjT eed\ T $+_d m+{ |]d dwd T H j
>eT+#b m? H\T>H{ eTq nTV+
ydy \ MT< <s|& + <H? |dT Hs X+ |uT
# q+ |* yT H? nH @> ] deTd\T
m<Ts=+Tq |eT<X\T, 0.1X+ e~s T |]H
|+&> #dT=+THsTT. nsTT<> m+ yTsT>Z
q eTq ] eed |rsT k]> ~>C]
6.5X+ e~s T |&b e& m ns+ #dT y*?
|uT + u> |#d +f, >{ sj
\T rdT=
+f |]d =+ yTsT>Z +&< ys #| qs < T .
n&T>T eTT+<T dTq |uT +, s +&&T >T\T yq
yjT &+ e deTd\T qeTeTHsTT.
<X+ |]dT\T +<qs+> HjTq~
yde +. B mes <qsT. nsTTq|{, 2011 @|
qT+ 2012 qe] eT< |~ H\\ \+ <X+

q sjT+ d+....

3800 &\s yTs $<o | |T&T\T


(m|t&) |eV+#jT, n+ eTT+<T 12 H\\
\+ eq 3300 &\s |T&T\ b*d
~ myq usrjT ]sTu+ (sY;) >D+\T
dw+ #dTHsTT. B { #d |]d yTsT>T
|s# T H neX\T qf <! 2008 ] eed
m+ u> T +< q T +Tq| & T > y < + eTq
$Xk <rd+~. eTT+sTT MT< >y<T\
<& eTq \Vq* jT|{+ ~. 2001 >y<
<&T\ d++~+ 6000 d+|T q\T #T #dT >,
2010 n$ 2000 q >ZsTT. ~ |s> <?
q|H \T |#{ +{sTT. > eT& > |]d
~>C]q+ eq |P]> +be\dq neds < T .
< Bu e+ $& H & kqT L \ < < + eTq+
eTT+<&T >T yj *q deTjT$T~. 
(H&T kq+...)

(31e |J sT ysTT)

....ysd sj \T d>T #Z T

&T LsT+f d]b<T : s<w


sjT eed , +\T, n$
eed \ qT & T +{ L s T +f d ] b< ,
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yT\T ]> jTTe eTT+<T k>*q sT D$T~
n |s=HsT. sj Hsd T \ d+K |]+<,
n+{ysT m bZq+&.. m\ MTwH
q jTee[ sb+~+#*q neds+ +<
n_bjT|&sT . n$|sT q |C|<T \qT
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es*. MT+{ y e ns < dw+ > #| >\
+ sy*. MT >T]+ mesT ks n+{
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<+T+~ n s<w V#]+#sT. MT&j |
L& m>[ L&q $eTs\T |sT>TT+&&+

>dT 1`15, 2012

36

deT+d+ < #bsT. usTT |s Y d dT V sT


HsT > q &\ H nsdT #sTT++<, <X #]
+{ #s < |<e TeT s<w *bsT. $<sT\ T
eT HjT \D \| djT+> uE ydT
~X>H <T |] sj
\T rdTy\ d+#sT.

n+ #e ye... : C|
de+ |sT>TTq n$, |b
\Bd <s + eTq <? n+ #e ye ? @<
{ \T+&. ds+ y.... kVs+
y ssTT+#*+~ $<sT n jT|wt
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<]dTH sT. n+ + ndV q+ e+ #XsT.
|&Tq sj\qT #d ud ,
deC <]+#+<T s>& nH~ L&
\Ty\ C| dw+ #XsT. 
d fyT

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q sjT+ d+....

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| m\ |sjT+ bq s HsT >


q+ y \ q \ +| +~s e T u

eT+T\T mksT |sq\T #dTH ksTT


yd y \T kqTu e + s +& b T qT
|dTq~.
> + j T H . { . sese eTTKeT+>
eq|&T +{ |s q #XsT. jTq d+ |
e+\T, m.d. {s+ e>s\ k+#sT.
+{ |s q\T H* |\ eTyT+ #jT b>
~ |#s +T>H $T*bTq~.
s+&~ +~seTu q e> |w
|+#T& < |{+#TH
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y. jTdt. |sTMT< kq+<Te\ qw+
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|#s+ eT n< u |{+~.
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> |dT eTTKeT+ b{
|&+, 108 yVq+| sJy>+B b{bT
eTTKeT+ b{qT eTT~+#&+ , s wH c|\ <>sZ
+{ bds <s q$TqT ys #sTT. ~ sXKs
s & q&quf | |uT |< \T> |#s+ #d
sT < dw+ neTq~.
m& deTd\ n& |]cs+ n+
s+> |q\T #dq eTTKeT+ +~seT
u =+ e ess T . M q + s
|]w]keT, | s>b sTeTT sd
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|uT |< \ neT\T rsT, $$< ksTT\ |\

eTTKeT+ s|\q #XsT. =*$&> sT


><e] djT+> eTTKeT+ =u
ls+ #T{sT . nq+ &+ < < \TdT&
yTT #\T nqT> +~seT u |* \qT
$Xw + #T& sT><e] |s q d]bT+~.
|\ deTd\qT \TdT y{ |]w]+ yTsT> q
b\q n+~+#+<T +~seTu bs+_+qT
jTq |{+#sT. e> |w
|+#Te&+ u <X + <
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sT><e] @ eTTdTsT$T* XeT
bsX \ $<sT\ d+uwD\T #XsT. |\\ *d
uq+ #XsT. s n& d#X sT. C XeT
bsX\ ed >V\ d n<q+> e+~.
{sTTT, kH\ ><T \ d , H\MT< |\\ |& \
d, n& |f uq+ HD m+ <sTD+>
eHj +> eTTKeT+ \TdTy\+f jTq
L& ny {sTT q T, kH\ ><T \qT, H\MT< |& q T
djT+> nqTu$ + e+f eT |< \T m eHj
ns+ njT$. n+ |\\ eTTKeT+ uH
| $+<T @sT, jTq ~+#{ | m.d.
>~ @sT #sTT+#T+f ksTT deTd\T m
nqTue + eksTT? n> b~ VMT L\
dV|+ uq+ +T k+~. |+> @sT
#dq _s+ eTV XdqduT\T e&dT+&>
eTTKeT+ $+<T s+#sT. n+<T eTTKeT+T\T,

>dT 1`15, 2012

37

d fyT

dTs <eT+ | d+

deTd\T eTTKeT+, eT+T\, Xdq duT\


*jT n+X\T e. m+<T+f deTd\T
VsT> sEH |T=q$ n+T$ e.
|uT \ eTT+<T#| b e&+, |]csesZ\T
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| d+es+ pH H\ bsX\\T sTks
n+<] \TdT. dTesT> m+eT+~ |\\ TqB \TdT
nsTTH bsX\\T ]#H{ |d\T e+&e,
jTb+\T e+&e. pH H\ es\T |& jT
n+<] \TdT. s T \ n< n<qT n \TdT. nsTTH
$H \T e+&e. eH n+<e. n+<T# + ]w+ >
*dq deTd\ |uT \ <>sZ |]cs\T e+&&+
<+ f n~ b\q ndeTs n<+ |&T Tq~.

u\T m >fkj?
sh+ > 15`16 d+es\T> n+<sT
eTTKeT+T\T u #|{q ys, jTH.{.sY.
eTTKeT+> |\ e< b\q |sT q<q uqT
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d+ #|{ q T, m& deTd\ n& |]cs+ d+
< +qT |{ + qy. u\ yq eq
\ + ysT . |\ <w yT deTd\T |]w]+#
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eT b z es+ ]|dT + < Ms+<] $Xd+>
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y] #\ T y*. y] m& deTd\T n& D +
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eq|&T |\T $q |\T dH e+{sT.
y>H | |]cs\T e&+ < |\ \TdT.

dT|]b\H d\T :
m+<sT eTTKeT+T\T esTTH, m u\T
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e#sT. n+<T deTd\T |sTbTHsTT. |\

>dT 1`15, 2012

38

q sjT+ d+....

b\q| reyTq nd+| |#]\TT q~.


yTT<{~ : |uq |\T \ ~> $q |\T
d e T]d T H s + f | u T b\Hj T ++> +
|#jT &+< ns+ . < ndeTs , n$ ~
< s D+. | ] b\q yT< q + | P ] >
|+qT . B e\+ b\HjT++>
+~+ |jq+ <T. m&& sj\T
rdT& M\T> u<*, n~s\ ]w+>
y] <K\T |sbe&+ |<q sD+. n+<T
d e Td * | | dj T & + | m & &
|]w]+#&+ y] |d] u< e&+ <T.
n+<T#H s T , sh+ eTTKeT+ #T
deTd\ sT>TTHsTT.
s +&~ : |\T ed+## \yTq , k~s >\
k | u T \T b e& + | + #sTTr\qT,
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d+~ <sTT+#+& Je#y\qT #XsTT.
|\ eT+sT, k s&T, , eTsT>T<=&T,
s wH sT\ T, s d+ e T |< \ neT\T, bsX \
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sh+ j T +.m . m.\ s+ q& T d T q ~.
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d fyT

dTs <eT+ | d+

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$<TY| X~ |uT\T : C|
$
<TY &\T |L* <X Hu Hu
d>+ eT+~ $<TYds | s *be{ $<TYs+ >+

@e+ |j q+ nd+< mb\ |< \qT


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d+u+ sc ]&T> esT+<, <
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>e, s b+\ s*y[bjT nHsT.
$< T Y d + u > + H, s EH
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e#k+~ n eTTKeT+ #| q+eq $<TY =s
b<, |\ }s#+<T n sc\ dm+\
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d+u |]w]+# X q b n b\q
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esTd |uT \ <Xu\ s yT sDeT d


b n< &T & jT|wt HsjTDY nHsT. <<|
300 d+es\ d]|& u>TZ \\T usY H,
|uT eTT+<T#| b e+ e\ eTq re
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meeT+~ b~ *+# q|]XeT\ d+
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#sT +<, y sw |uT + UsTT|& +|
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nH VCs sj \ ed k>k+ : C|
m\ sj \ sy\q nH +<+ #q\| C| d+~d. .. y] |jT * d eTqd]>
k>dT+ ~. <X+ sjT esT d+ #dT q bs+ dT<syT q ~, +]> k>T+~. |j D+
d =+ <s+ |j D++~. + nH yT y* +~. =+ ne>Vq, <X+ | |eT q bsT\qT
|] qq nuT <jT sj \ = }|# X nH VCs +~ nHsT.
H q ne>Vq, z sjT b> qT #dT q |jT \ nH VCs d+|Ps dV s+ n+~+#{
d d<+ > +< C| *bsT. eTq+<s+ # @> < u |j DdT H +. b n~ eTq<q
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HsjTDY | q |s=HsT.

>dT 1`15, 2012

39

d fyT

dTs <eT+ | d+

q sjT+ d+....

y|ussY
ds+ #\<T ` dTs+ y*
` +&sT syV Hse
|+Cu sh+ neTYds Y |D 30 MTs <s+ bkH, +&j d]V<T y|
uss Y +~. n& $T\ +|t | r sE kjT++ 5 qT+& 7 >+\ es yT #ksT .
ne* | bkH $T* L& <$<+ > yT #ksT . B eTqy| qT+& eTq ]dT\ T
ne*| VsY 20 MTs <s+ qT+& bkH ]dT\ T yT #&& eksT .

osY qT+& sT>T|jD+


neTYds Y #sT H+. +&j , bkH
eT< q y| uss Y ]> $T\ yT
#<eT m+
sT\T, |sT >T\T
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m$T<sTT+~. sE yT #d
neX y T < T . *j T H y u>
n|&|& eTdksT. yH
neTds Y ds< y \jT+ f $T*+~.
s B|+T\ y\T>T ds <y\jT+
y T ]d b T +~. n~ n< T y T q
nqTu . neTYds Y H d. @yTH eTsTd{ sE #TH k>H eyT y\ m<T{ <X
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# &*+< n s s TT+# T H+. b< T H usT sksT. yT |Psj
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s +&T>+\ uq+ #d y| uss Y #sT H+. >T$T>&sT. \sybsdT\ ybs+ CsT>
= _#>+ >qT yTT<> y[+~ yTyT. n|&| & k>TT+~. d]>Z nsTT<T>+\ k]> eTq uss Y
]dT\ & yTT<\eT+~ >qT s&T| q \s eTT+<T >T ]#sT. beT n+<s k]>
<TD\T dsT +THsT. bdt #bdT <]bjsT. n|{ dq + >Ts\MT< k #d
Ve<sY uU ydT LsTHqT. ]dT\ qT d\ qT, |sTw* ysT ysT esTd |+|+#sT. eT&T
kjT++ <T nsTT $& |s jTq e H\T>T y\ $T+ H d]|& n& d& j
T +
#bsT. jTq >~ bH+ < Ls=u{ eT+, +~. n+<TH n+<s+ dsT H+. pH H\ e&+
{ L& |+#sT. yT\yT\> n& $Xc\T kjT++ sH eT<V+ dsT&>
\TdT+THqT.. sy n+X\ dH u sY sd eT+&bT+~ n&. LsT+f eT+, \& #eT.
e+~. n+<T d]V<T $&|>H m y*? <X |P] |&e T e+&&+ e\ neTYds Y s
m Ls=y*? yT sT>TTq+d| eTq<Xu m$T<sTT N{ |&< T .
>dT 1`15, 2012
d fyT
40

dTs <eT+ | d+

sT| \ dq + m<Ts <TsT> d\{ #dT +T+~.


H |qTq & <Xu ysbsTT+~. bkH
eTTsu< nH&T. >=+T L& jTq \e<T .
|> H dV n+<s+ k>H q T K+&+#&y T
jTqqT HsT eTdTeTH+. eTq<X b>&< +.
m<T{<X >&=<T nHsT eTs=sT. kjT++
@&Tqs< yT k+~. dsT&T nd$ TdT+ f
sT<X\ CrjT|\ yT\> neq+ #XsT.

> T s T sY V ... > T s T sY $w . .. > T s T < y


eTVXs..... n+ V+B <Xu ^+ yTT<+ ~.
eTq u $T b>T&T, eTq <Xu \ , neTsMsT\
> >TsT# d esTd> b V+B <Xu ^\
| #dT H sT. |]ds* |> #kqT. eTqy|
>T eTq C| >+BJ |+ m>TsTq
eTTeH\ C+& | q bkH uss Y m<TsT>
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nK+&u sY qT+& $&bsTTq bkH +&j eT< q
n~ H eT d]V< n|++~. <Xu ^
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< X + n sc \ qT+& eqys T H
sd| & sT . y uw\T ysT , eT\T ysT , \T
y s T < X u nH n+X + e y T e n+< ]
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bkH > T < |]> e# neX+ #sT. n
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bkH n<T \ {sTT+q kq+ Lsu{sT .
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\|dT + ~. nT| bkH |s & L& yTT<\sTT+~.

>dT 1`15, 2012

q sjT+ d+....

us< X + <sTT+q dsT&T |&e T{ b


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<X+H eHsT. eTq u$wTqT T|{ eTq
zTqT =+TqysT eTq X e\T. eTq u $T,
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41

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I

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$X+K\yTq n$
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10`30

dTs<eT \\| #s

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`
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2. | $<d+d dTs+| #s se\T

>dT 1`15, 2012

42

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5. |D + $$< s+>\ n$| |C #]w{ \ | q\T
` n$| kqTuy \qT y\& + # se\T
<jT + : 12`45
`
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n eTT| |D \ >dT 10 qT+& nsY 2 es


II

>dT 10`20 es |D \ dTs <eT d<d T \T


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$<sT\T jTTe, eTV\ $dyTq dTs <eT $T{\qT @sT #dTy*.
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sT 15`30 ` e\+{s D
dTs <eT e\+{s sE D seT+ sV+#Ty*
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>dT 9 qT+& nsY 2 es ]> s e \qT ey T | { + #&+ ]+~. nsY


3 qT+& &X+sY 9 es sV+# se\T sTy |{+#&+ sT>TT+~.
>dT 1`15, 2012

43

d fyT

dTs <eT+ | d+

>dT 1`15, 2012

44

q sjT+ d+....

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dTs <eT+ | d+

>dT 1`15, 2012

45

q sjT+ d+....

d fyT

dTs <eT+ | d+

>dT 1`15, 2012

46

q sjT+ d+....

d fyT

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>dT 1`15, 2012

47

q sjT+ d+....

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dTs <eT+ | d+

>dT 1`15, 2012

48

q sjT+ d+....

d fyT

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