Vous êtes sur la page 1sur 2

27

(1)
uRefawmfwYkd i,fi,fu uRef
awmfhrdbawGu tjrJqHk;rwm&Sd
ygw,f/ ]]rif;pcJw
h t
hJ vkyf rif;NyD;
atmifvkyf&r,f}} wJh/ ]]You have
to finish what you start.}} udk,fp
cJw
h t
hJ vkyu
f akd wmif ud,
k Nf yD;atmif
rvkyEf ikd w
f o
hJ q
l w
kd m vlaysmhvn
l ?hH
wefzdk;&SdwJhvlr[kwfbl;vdkY tjrJ
qHk;rygw,f/
(2)
8 &uf 8 vqdkwJh&ufa&muf
wdkif; uRefawmftjrJ'Dpum;vHk;udk
owd & ygw,f / uRef a wmf w d k Y
txl;ojzifh uRefawmfwdkYeJY&G,fwl
touf 20-25 &SdwJh ausmif;om;
vli,fawG[m 'D 1350 jynfh
ta&;awmfyHkBuD;rSm OD;aqmifrIt
cef;u@u yg0ifcJhMuwmjzpfyg
w,f/
26 ESpfwmumvtwGif; t
a&SUawmiftm&SrmS xGe;f opfpEdik if H
wpfcu
k kd urmt
h qif;&Jq;kH Ekid if jH zpf
atmifvyk cf jhJ cif;? rdred YJoabmxm;
uGJolawGudk (txl;ojzifhausmif;
om;awGu)kd &uf&ufpufpufzEd ydS f
jcif;? tcGix
hf ;l cHvw
l ef;pm;eJY zdEydS f
cHvlwef;pm;awGMum; vlwef;pm;
uGm[rIBuD;rm;jcif;? vli,fawG&UJ
xGufaygufydwfjcif;wdkYu 'Dvlxk
tH<k urIBuD;udjk zpfay:apcJw
h myJjzpf
ygw,f/ 'D 88 tajymif;tvJBuD;
aMumifh toufcEmpaw;cJh&ol
awG? b0awGpaw;cJh&olawG?
&nfreS ;f csuaf wGpeG Yfvw
T t
f epfemcH
cJh&olawG? b0tauGUtcsKd;awG
ajymif;cJh&olawG odef;? oef;csD&Sd
cJh&ayr,fh uRefawmfwdkYarQmfrSef;cJh
wJEh ikd if ?H uRefawmfwYkd &nfp;l cJw
h hJ 'D
rdkua&pDvlYtzGJUtpnf;uawmh
jzpfay:rvmcJhygbl;/
uRefawmfwdkYeJYwef;wl 'Drdku
a&pDawmif;qdkcJhwJh ta&SUOa&my
Edik if aH wGukd armhrMunfyh geJY/ ud,
k hf
aemufu b*Fvm;a'h&Sf? ppf'PfcH
&wJAh ,
D uferf? uarm'D;,m;? vm
tdkwdkYawmif ausmfwufNyD; tm&S
wdu
k &f UJ tqif;&J? tedru
hf sqH;k Ekid if H
jzpfcJh&w,f/ tzdESdyfcHvlwef;pm;
awG ydkzdESdyfcH&w,f/ vli,f? vl
&G,fawG arQmfvifhcsufvHk;0r&SdwJh
b0 tm&SwdkufEkdifiHtESHYtjym;rSm
uRefomom tvkyfawGxGufvkyf
Mu&w,f/ vlawG&UJ pdw"f mwfawG?
tusiphf m&dwa wGerd u
hf sysupf ;D vm
cJh&w,f/ uRefawmfwkdYarQmfrSef;cJh

opinion

. . . . . . . . . ajymjycsifygw,f ( 6 )
oef;xG#af tmif

14-9-1988 &ufaehxkwf aMu;rkHowif;pmyg owif;azmfjycsuf

EdkifiHom;tjzpfudkvG,fvG,fay;vdkhr&wm uRefawmfwdkhEdkifiH&JY
yx0Dtaetxm;aMumifyU jJ zpfygw,f/ 'Dtcsuaf wGukd oabmrwlvhkd
OIC vdk EdkifiHawGeJh rGwfqviftpGef;a&mufawG&JY &efjyKjcif;udk
cH&r,fqdk&ifvnf; uRefawmfwdkh[m tpa&;EdkifiHvdkyJ jyKrlusifUMuH
aexdkif&rSm jzpfygw,f . . .
wJhEdkifiH? uRefawmfwdkYjzpfcsifcJhwJh
vlYtzGJUtpnf; . . . . . uRefawmf
wdkYrsKd;qufnHhcJhMuw,f/ uRef
awmfwYkdnv
hH YkduReaf wmfwYkd&UJ aemuf
rsKd;qufawGcHpm;ae&qJyJav/
uRefawmfwdkYbmawGrSm;vdkY?
bmawGjzpfcJh&ovJ/ EdkifiHa&; t
ajymif;tvJawGrSmyJjzpfjzpf? EdkifiH
a&;rSmyJjzpfjzpf ta&;BuD;qHk;u &J
&ifhjcif;owd (courage) 'DrSm rnHh
cJhbl;? awG;ac:ajrmfjrifrI (Ideology) 'DrSm rnHhygbl;/ 'gayrJh rQ
ajcudkzefwD;EdkifpGrf; (Balancing
Act) rSmawmh uRefawmfwdkYnHhcJhMu
w,f/ uRefawmfwdkY[m 88 udk
Revolution (awmfvSefa&;) vdkY,l
qcJMh uw,f/ vufeufrahJ wmfveS f
a&;[m Evolution wa&GUa&GUjzpf
pOfudkvnf;arQmfvifh&r,fqdkwm
arhavsmhcJhw,f/ 'gaMumifh tpGef;
a&mufrIawG? acgif;aqmifrIrnD
nGwfrIawG&JUMum;rSm tmPm&Sif

pepfu yef;yefoGm;cJhw,f/ uRef


awmfwYkdarQmrf eS ;f cJw
h 'hJ rD u
kd a&pDEikd if ?H
uReaf wmfwYdk&UJ jynfaxmifppk pfppf
bmrSjzpfrvmcJhbl;/
(3)
t,l0g'uGJawG? vlrsKd;uGJ
awG? IyfaxG;wJhordkif;pOfawG&JU
Mum;rSmBuD;jyif;cJ&h wJh uReaf wmfwYkd
EdkifiHrSm bmyJvkyfvkyf uRefawmf
wdkYtwGuf rQajcudkzefwD;EkdifrI
pGrf;&nf (Balancing Act) uawmh
ta&;BuD;ygw,f/
t&ifa&;cJhwJhtxJrSm 'Drdku
a&pDuakd emufjyefomG ;Ekid w
f hJ tcsuf
oHk;csuf&Sdygw,f/
(1) wdik ;f &if;om;rsm;ta&;eJY jynf
axmifpkppfppfazmfaqmifa&;
jyem?
(2) w&m;pD&ifa&; r@dKif,rd ;f ,dik f
jcif;ESifh w&m;Oya'pdk;rdk;rI
jyem?

(3) t*wdw&m;vdkufpm;rIESifh pD;


yGm;a&;wd;k wufraI ESmifah ES;jcif;
jyem/
tJ'DxJrSm ta&;BuD;qHk;jzpf
wJh (1) wdkif;&if;om;rsm;ta&;eJY
jynfaxmifpkppfppfazmfaqmifa&;
jyem[m ta&;BuD;qHk;eJY txd
cdkuft&StvG,fqHk;jyemjzpfyg
w,f/ tck 'DjyemxJu wpfck
jzpfwJh &cdkifwdkif;&if;om;rsm;eJY
b*FgvDvlrsKd;rsm;&JUjyemrSm t
ckq&kd if UN tygt0if Edik if w
H um
rGwq
f vifEikd if rH sm;&JUyHBk u;D csUJ rIaMumifh
jyem[m xdcu
kd t
f &StvG,q
f ;kH
jyemjzpfovdk 'Djyemudo
k m
yg;eyfvrd m pGmrudik w
f ,
G b
f ;l qd&k if
Edik if &H UJ tem*wf'rD u
kd a&pDtajymif;
vJudkomru jynfaxmifpkppfppf
arQmfreS ;f csufawGuykd g xdcu
kd o
f mG ;
Edkifygw,f/ uRefawmfwdkY yg;eyf&
ygr,f/ 'Dae&mrSmta&;BuD;qH;k u
vnf; Balancing Act(rQajcudk zef
wD;Edik w
f v
hJ yk af qmifr)I yJjzpfygw,f/

'Dae&mrSm uRefawmfaqG;aEG;
csiw
f mu ppftyk cf sKyfa&;acwfveG f
jrefrmEdik if rH mS Edik if v
hH jHk cHKa&;eJY Ekid if H

tpd;k &taeeJh 'Djyemajz&Si;f &mrSm ta&;Bu;D qH;k u wdik ;f &if;


om;&cdik v
f rl sK;d awG&YJ tusK;d pD;yGm;udk a&S;Izhkd jzpfygw,f/ taumif;
qH;k ajz&Si;f enf;uawmU &cdik jf ynfe,fp;D yGm;a&;zGYH NzKd ;wd;k wufzyhkd J jzpf
ygw,f . . .

(u) EkdifiHtvdkufvlOD;a&odyfonf;rI EIdif;,SOfcsuf


EdkifiH

{&d,mpwk&ef;rdkif vlOD;a& (oef;) vlOD;a&odyfonf;EIef; ppfwrf;aumuf,lonfhESpf


(wpfpwk&ef;rdkifvQif)
b*Fvm;a'h&Sf
56977
152
2678
2012 cefYrSef;ajc
tdEd,
1222509
1200
989
2011 oef;acgifpm&if;
wkwf
3696117
1300
365
2011 cefYrSef;ajc
xdkif;
198117
65
332
2010 oef;acgifpm&if;
vmtdk
91429
6
70
2012 cefYrSef;ajc
jrefrm
261228
48
186
2012 ukvcefYrSef;ajc
tif'dkeD;&Sm;
737815
237
321
2010 oef;acgifpm&if;
rav;&Sm;
127724
29
231
2012 cefYrSef;ajc
pifumyl
272
5
19070
2011 cefYrSef;ajc
zdvpfydkif
115860
92
798
2010 oef;acgifpm&if;
uarm'D;,m;
69898
13
192
2008 oef;acgifpm&if;
AD,uferf
127882
87
686
2011 cefYrSef;ajc

jrefrmEdkifiHESifhEdIif;,SOfcsuf
ukd;um;
(vlOD;a&odyfonf;EIef;)
14 q
Population and housing census 2011
5.3 q
Censusindia.gov.in
1.9 q
National Bureau of Statistics of China
1.7 q
citypopulation.de
0.37 q
Population and Housing Census
World Bank
1.7 q
Badan Pusat Statistik
1.2 q
Department of statistics
102 q
Department of statistics
4.2 q
2010 Census of population and housing
qwleD;yg;
National Institute of Statistics
3.6 q
Gso.gov.vn

wumqufqaH &;r[mAsL[mygyJ/
uRefawmfwkdY[m 'Ddk[if*smjy
emudk vlrsKd;a&;? bmoma&;I
axmifx
h uf 'DaI xmifu
h yJ t"du
xm;pOf;pm;oifw
h ,fxifygw,f/
(u) Z,m;ygvlaeodyfonf;rI
EIef;t&qdk&if jrefrmEdkifiH[m tm
&Swu
kd rf mS vlaeodyo
f nf;rItenf;
qHk;? &moDOwkrQw,f? o,HZmw
<u,f0w,f? r[mAsL[mtcsuf
tcsmusw,f/ ESpfaygif; 50 tm
Pm&SifpepfatmufrSmae&NyD; vlY
tcGifhta&;r&Sd? tm&Stqif;&JqHk;
Edik if w
H pfEidk if jH zpfaewmawmif jref
rmEdkifiHrSm vma&muftajccsol?
w&m;r0if 0ifa&mufol oef;eJYcsD
&Sdw,f/ aemuf 10 ESpf? tESpf
20 AD,uferfurkd ?D xdik ;f Ekid if eH ;D yg;
jzpfvmcJhr,fqdk&if jrefrmEkdifiHrSm
vlrsK;d aysmufu,
G o
f mG ;Ekid w
f w
hJ &m;
r0if 0ifa&mufoo
l ef;q,f*Pef;
&SEd ikd Nf yD; tJ'u
D rSaygufzmG ;olb,f
avmuf&rdS vJqw
kd m wGuq
f Munfh
Ekdifygw,f/
jrefrmEdik if w
H iG ;f udkd trsm;qH;k

80 &mcdkifEIef;vmEdkifwmu b*F
vm;a'h&SfEdkifiHbufujzpfygw,f/
tdE,
d uvmEdik af yr,feh ,fpyfcsi;f
xdpyfaewJh tmoHeYJ rDZ&kd rfuvlae
rxlxyfygbl;/ wkwEf ikd if u
H vlae
xlxyfrEI eI ;f avQmw
h muEkid if t
H wGi;f
rSmoJuE&awG? awmawmifxl
xyfwJhae&mawGaMumifhyg/ ,leef
jynfe,fuvmEkdifygw,f/ 'gay
rJh wkwEf ikd if &H UJ t"dujyemu
trsKd;orD; 100 rSm trsKd;om;
129 a,muf&SdwJh owdkYorD;&Sm;
yg;wJh jyem[m t"duyJjzpfyg
w,f/
NyD;cJhwJh &cdkifta&;tcif;rSm
Edik if w
H umrD',
D mtcsKUd &JU wpfzuf
apmif;eif;azmfjyrI? dk[if*sm0g'
jzefYcsda&;,E&m;tm;aumif;rI?
jrefrmEdkifiH&JU jyefMum;a&;rl0g'
tm;enf;rIawGaMumifh jyem[m
rBuD;xGm;oifhbJ BuD;xGm;cJh&yg
w,f/ 'gaMumifh jrefrmEkdifiHtzdkY
tpvmrfrpfEdkifiHtcsKdUeJY qufqH
a&;ysufjym;cJhygw,f/ UN vlY
tcGit
hf a&;ud,
k pf m;vS,f uGiw
f m;
em;&JU EdkifiHwumpHkprf;a&;aumfr
&Sizf UJG &efeYJ d[
k if*smrsm;udEk ikd if o
H m;
tjzpf twnf j yKEk d i f z d k Y 1982
pmrsufESm (28) odkh

28
pmrsufESm(27)rS tquf
Oya'jyifay;zdYkqw
kd mrjzpfEikd yf gbl;/
1982 Oya'tcef; (2) EdkifiHom;
jzpfjcif; tydk'f (3) rSmyg0ifwJh
1823 rwdik rf D aexdik cf ahJ om wdik ;f
&if;om;rsm;ESifhrsKd;EG,fpkrsm;onf
Edik if o
H m;rsm;jzpfonfqakd omtcsuf
eJY rsKd;qufEpS q
f uf (odYk ) oH;k quf
NyD;rS EdkifiHom;jzpfcGifh&&Sdjcif;qdkwJh
{nfEh ikd if o
H m;wpfqifch x
H m;wJrh al wG
[mvk;H 0jyifqifvYkd r&ygbl;/ tdrf
eD;csif;EkdifiHawGvdkyJjzpfjzpf EdkifiH
om;tjzpfuv
kd ,
G v
f ,
G af y;vdYrk &wm
uRefawmfwdkYEdkifiH&JU yx0Dtaet
xm;aMumifyh jJ zpfygw,f/ 'Dtcsuf
awGukd oabmrwlvYkd OIC vdk Edik f
iHawGeJY rGwfqviftpGef;a&muf
awG&UJ &efjyKjcif;udck &H r,fq&kd ifvnf;
uRefawmfwdkY[m tpa&;EdkifiHvdkyJ
jyKrlusiMhf uHaexdik &f rSmjzpfygw,f/
'gayrJh ESpfaygif;rsm;pGm t
ajccsaexdik cf iG &hf &Sx
d m;wJh b*FgvD
vlrsKd;awGuakd wmh pdppfNyD;{nfEh idk if H
om;? EdkifiHom;tcGifhta&;udk vlY
tcGifhta&;Iaxmifhuay;&rSmjzpf
ovdk? EdkifiHom;jzpfNyDqdk&ifvnf;
tjcm;jrefrmrGwq
f vifawGvykd J t
cGifhta&;ay;oifhygw,f/ pdppfNyD;
wpfEidk if v
H ;kH vGwv
f yfpmG oGm;vmae
xkdifcGifhjyKoifhygw,f/ 'gayrJh
oufaocHtaxmuftxm;r&S&d if
awmh vl0ifrIBuD;Muyfa&;Oya't
wdik ;f pDpOfaqmif&u
G o
f ifyh gw,f/
(4)
tpa&;EdkifiHvdkjzpfvmcJh&if
awmh uRefawmfwdkY&JUEkdifiHwum
qufqaH &;r[mAsL[mujyefvnf
oH;k oyf&rSmjzpfw,f/ vGwv
f yfNyD;
wuf<uaomEdkifiHjcm;a&;rl0g'u
awmh acwfrrDawmhygbl;/ tar
&dueftygt0if taemuftkyfpkeJY
ydkNyD;&if;ESD;atmifqufqH&r,f/
wpfzufrmS vnf;jrpfqq
kH nfaMumifh
aoG;at;oGm;wJh wkwfeJYqufqH
a&;udkyHkrSefjzpfatmifvkyfaqmif&
ygr,f/ jrpfqHkqnfuawmh jyef
vnfwnfaqmufjzpfrmS r[kww
f hJ
taMumif;wdwdusus &Sif;vif;zdkY
vdrk mS jzpfovdk taemuftyk pf ak wGeYJ
qufqHa&;[m wkwfeJYqufqH
a&;twGuf taESmihft,Sufrjzpf
aMumif;&Si;f jyoifyh gw,f/ rQwNyD;
usi0hf wfeYJnw
D hJ wkw&f if;ES;D jrKyfEHS
ol(yk*v
u
d ydik )f awGtrsm;BuD;&Syd g
w,f/ olwkdYuwpfqifh ESpfEdkifiH
jynfolrsm;tMum;qufqHa&;aEG;
axG;atmifwnfaqmuf&ygr,f/
taemuftkyfpkeJYqufqHa&;
vwfwavmaumif;rGeaf &;twGuf
ta&;BuD;qHk;oHk;ckuawmh (1) vufuseEf ikd if aH &;tusO;f om;
rsm;tvsiftjrefvTwfay;a&;?
(2) ucsifESifhppfyGJtjrefqHk;&yfpJ
a&;?
(3) &cdkifa'o,HkMunfEdkifaom
Edik if w
H umpHpk rf;avhvma&;tzGUJ
vma&mufcGifhjyKa&; ('gu
awmhtmqD,EH ikd if aH wGukd tul
tnDawmif;NyD; ,ckvuf&SdpHk
prf;a&; aumfr&Sief YJ yl;wGJ vkyf
aqmifapjcif;) jzpfygw,f/
ppfyGJwpfyGJwkduf&mrSm Soft
War rSmygwJh Media War uawmh
HI;oGm;ygNyD/ aemufxyf Diplomatic War rH;I zdYkawmhEp
Sv
f avmuf

tcsdef&ygw,f/
tck jynfydk[if*smtzGJUt
pnf;awG&UJ tqdt
k & &cdik jf ynfe,f
rSm dk[if*sm 1 'or 2 oef;&SdNyD;
wpfurmvH;k rSmav;oef;&Sw
d ,fvYkd
qdkygw,f/ olwdkY&JU rdcifEdkifiH[m
jrefrmEkdifiH &cdkifjynfe,fvdkYazmfjy
xm;Muygw,f/ 'Dupd u
kd aoao
csmcsmpHkprf;NyD; &Sif;&Sif;vif;vif;
jzpfzdkYvdkygw,f/ tpdk;&taeeJY 'D
jyemajz&Si;f &mrSm ta&;BuD;qH;k
u wdkif;&if;om;&cdkifvlrsKd;awG&JU
tusKd;pD;yGm;udak &S;IzYkd jzpfygw,f/
taumif;qHk;ajz&Sif;enf;uawmh
&cdkifjynfe,fpD;yGm;a&;zGHUNzdK;wdk;
wufzdkYyJjzpfygw,f/ &cdkiftrsKd;
om;awGupkd ak ygif;bPfziG chf iG ahf y;
wmrsKd;awG? vQyfppfrD;tjref&
atmifvyk af y;wmrsK;d awG?Edik if w
H um
&if;ES;D jrKyEf rHS I (tdE,
d ? wkwf wdYk&UJ
FDI)tiftm;BuD;Edi
k if w
H Ykd &UJ tusKd;
pD;yGm;&Sdjcif;[m &cdkifwnfNidrfa&;
rSm ta&;ygygw,f/&cdik jf ynfe,f
om pD;yGm;a&; zGHUNzdK;vm&if vlrsKd;
a&;rkef;wD;rIawG avsmhvmr,f/
y#dyuawG avsmhvmr,f/ 'gu
awmhw&m;0iftajccsoal wGeYJa'o
cHawGtMum;rQajczefwD;rItwGuf
yg/dk[if*smjynfe,fxlaxmifvdk
olawG? xyfrHpdrfh0ifvmolawG
twGuaf wmhuReaf wmfwYk&d UJ &yfwnf
csufu jywfom;&ygr,f/
(5)
wu,fusawmh dk[if*sm
ta&;wifr[kwfygbl;/ jrefrm
EdkifiH&JU tajymif;tvJ(wcsKdUu
awmh tajymif;tvJrvmao;bl;/
trSm;jyifqifcsufumvrSmyJ Mum
aew,fvdkY a0zefMuygw,f/)rSm
vnf; 'D Balancing Act u ta&;
ygygw,f/ tpdk;&eJYtwdkuftcH
tMum; trsKd;om;jyefvnfoifh
jrwfa&;? tpd;k &? vTwaf wmf? w&m;
pD&ifa&;? owif;rD'D,mtMum;
tjyef t vS e f x d e f ; ausmif ; a&;?
tpdk;&? wyfrawmf? wdkif;&if;om;
vufeufuikd af wGtMum; Nidr;f csrf;
a&;? 'Dt&mtm;vk;H rSm rQajctjzpf
zefw;D Edik pf rG ;f u ta&;ygygw,f/
rQajcaumif;&if tajymif;tvJ[m
jrefqefr,f/ rQajcawGysufNyD;?
y#dyuawG xdyw
f u
kd &f ifqikd rf rI sm;
&if tajymif;tvJawGaemufjyef
oGm;Edkifygw,f/ tvkH;pkHnDnGwf
a&;? oabmxm;tm;vkH;wlnD
vufcHa&;qdkwm rjzpfEkdifygbl;/
rQajcwpfckeJY uRefawmfwdkYvdkcsif
wJh c&D;udk a&mufatmifoGm;&yg
r,f/
(6)
uRefawmfwdkY EkdifiH[m a'o
wGif; *kPfodum&Sd&Sd aexdkifEdkifwJh
EkdifiHwpfEkdifiHjzpfzdkY? 'Drdkua&pDvlY
tzGUJ tpnf;jzpfay:vmzdYk? wdik ;f &if;
om;awGwef;wltcGifhta&;&wJh
jynfaxmifpjk zpfay:zdYk[muReaf wmf
wdYk &UJ vGecf w
hJ hJ 24 ESpu
f arQmrf eS ;f cJh
wJh tdyfrufawGyg/ uRefawmfwdkY
rSm vkHavmufwJh ,kHMunfrIowd
awG? vkHavmufwJhtawG;tac:
awG? rQajczefwD;EkdifwJh yg;eyf
vdrmrIawG&Sd&ygr,f/
bmyJjzpfjzpf uRefawmfwYkd pcJh
wmawGuakd wmh uReaf wmfwYkdtqk;H
owfEkdif&r,fav/

opfawmjyKef;wD;rIEIef;rsm;pGmjrifh
rm;cJo
h nfh 2008 ckEpS w
f iG yf if jynfy
odYk opfv;kH ? opftacsmxnfwifyYkd
rIrS tar&duefa':vmoef; 450
ausmfom&&SdcJhonf/
,cifESpfu opfawmxGuf
ypn;f wifyYkd rrI t
S ar&duefa':vm
oef; 640 ausmfom&&SdcJhonf/
opfv;kH wefcsed af ygif;rsm;pGm jynfy
odkY wifydkYaomfvnf; &&Sdonfh0if

aiGrmS rsm;pGmwd;k vmjcif;r&Sb


d J opf
awmjyKef;wD;rIonfom 0ifaiGESifh
rvdkuf? &moDOwkazmufjyefrIESifh
rvdkufatmif&Sdaeonf/
jrefrmEdik if \
H a'owGi;f Edik if H
rsm;jzpfaom AD,uferf? rav;&Sm;
ponfjzifh Edik if aH ygif;rsm;pGmrSqv
kd Qif
jrefrmEdik if u
H o
hJ Ykd opfawmjyKef;wD;
rIrjzpfap&eftwGuo
f pftvH;k vdu
k f
jynfywifyYkdjcif;tm;uefYowfxm;
NyD;tacsmxnfxw
k v
f yk w
f ifyYkdjcif;
udkomcGifhjyKum rdrdEdkifiHopfawm
jyKef;wD;rIudkumuG,fxm;onf/
tqdkygEdkifiHrsm;taejzifh ESpf
tydik ;f tjcm;jzifo
h pftvH;k jynfywif
ydkYjcif;? xkwfvkyfjcif;udkuefYowf
xm;NyD;vdktyfonfhopfukefMurf;
rsm;udk jrefrmEdik if u
H o
hJ Ykd uefYowf
csurf &Sb
d J opfcw
k w
f ifyYkdonfEh ikd if H
rStqifhqifh0,f,ltoHk;jyKonf
[kopftacsmxnfxw
k v
f yk o
f rl sm;
axmufjyonf/
]]opfwifyYkdwm? opfxw
k w
f m
ESpftydkif;tjcm;vdkufvHk;0&yfoifh
NyDvdkYxifw,f/ odyfydkYcsifw,fqdk
&iftvHk;vdkuftpm;tacsmxnf
wifydkYyg/ tacsmxnfwifydkYzdkY
twGuq
f &kd if tckxw
k af ewJh opf
tvH;k vdu
k yf rmP&JUrajymyavmuf
wJyh rmPav;yJ opfcw
k pf &mvdrk mS
yg/tckuopftacsmxnfxw
k Nf yD;
wifyYkdwo
hJ al wGawmifopfuek Mf urf;
vHkvHkavmufavmufr&bl;/ tJ'D
avmuftxduw
kd &m;0ifa&mw&m;
r0ifa&mydkYMuw,f/ vlwdkif;odNyD;
om;ygb,fvdkvkyfw,fqdkwm/
&yfoifv
h m;r&yfoifv
h m;jrefrmu
ukefMurf;,lNyD; urmudk tacsm
xnfyYkdaewJEh ikd if aH wGu Data awGeYJ
jrefrmEdik if u
H opftvH;k vdu
k x
f u
G f
aewJh Data ,SOfMunfhvkduf/ bD
vsHaygif;b,favmufuGmovJ/
ukd,fhEdkifiHu opftvHk;vdkufydkYwJh
yrmPwefzdk;eJY opftacsmxnf
ydYkwyhJ rmPyJ,OS Mf unfyh gOD;}}[k opf
tacsmxnfjynfywifydkYolwpfOD;
u ajymonf/
rmefol&Sdef? aedkif;

2011-2012 b@mESpfwGif
jynfyrSukefpnftvdkufwifydkYEdkifrI
yrmP(tar&duefa':vm?oef;)
1/ tjcm;pufrIukefacsm 4046 .644
2/ v,f,mxGufukefpnf 2373 .488
3/ owKwGif;xGufukefpnf 896 .722
4/ a&xGufukefpnf
706 .165
5/ opfawmxGufukefpnf 641 .877
6/ wd&pmefxGufukefpnf 90 .619
7/ tjcm;
341 .484
pkpkaygif;ydkYukefwefzdk;
9096 .999

urmhukvor*rSxkwfjyefonfU
tdrfeD;csif;EdkifiHrsm;ESifUa'owGif;EkdifiHtcsKdY\
cefhrSef;opfawmzkH;vTrf;rI{&d,m(&mcdkifEIef;)
pOf
EdkifiH
&mckdifEIef;
1/
vmtdk
68
2/
rav;&Sm;
62
3/
uarm'D;,m; 57 'or 2
4/
tif'ekd ;D &Sm; 52
5/
xdik ;f
37 'or 1
6/
oD&v
d uFm 28 'or 8
7/
tdE,
d
23

"mwfy-Hk 0if;jrifaU usmf

Zlvdkifv 30 &ufaeh &efukefqdyfurf;twGif;wpfae&mudk awGY&pOf


rsuEf mS zk;H ]jrefrmEkid if \
H obm0opf
awmzk;H vTr;f rI . . }. owif;rStquf
jrefrmEdkifiH\ obm0opf
awmBuD;rsm;zkH;vTrf;rI{&d,mrSm
,cktcgwGif EdkifiHh{&d,mtus,f
t0ef;\ ig;yHk yHv
k Qiw
f pfy0kH ef;usif
omusef&SdawmhaMumif; jynfolU
vTwfawmf o,HZmwESifhobm0
ywf0ef;usifxdef;odrf;a&;qdkif&m
aumfrwDtwGi;f a&;rSL;OD;ode;f vGif
u ajymMum;cJhygonf/
Mo*kwfv 17 &ufaeYwGif
aejynfawmf usif;yonfh The
National Seminar Wrokshop on
Energy, Enviroment and Climate

wGif ajymMum;cJo
h nf/
jrefrmEdik if H obm0opfawm
BuD;rsm;zHk;vTrf;rIrSm ukef;abmif
acwfu EdkifiHhtus,ft0ef;\
70 &mckdifEIef;&Sdaomfvnf; 1962
ckESpfwGif 57 &mckdifEIef;usef&Sd
aMumif;? 2005 ckEpS w
f iG f 51 &mckid f
EIe;f usef&NdS yD; 2008 ckEpS w
f iG rf l 24
&mckdifEIef;omusef&Sdawmhonf[k
pm&if;twdtusjzifh aqG;aEG;
ajymMum;cJhjcif;jzpfonf/
wefzdk;rjzwfEdkifonfh opf
awmrsm;jyKef;wD;rIEIef;rSm 1975
ckEpS rf S 1989 ckEpS t
f wGi;f ESppf Of 0
'or 64 &mckid Ef eI ;f om&Scd NhJ yD; 1989
ckESpfrS 1998 ckESpftwGif;wpfESpf
1 'or 2 &mckdifEIef;&SdcJhaMumif;
udt
k rsm;jynfot
l wGut
f rd af xmif
pkv;kH qdik &f mpGr;f tifvt
kd yfcsupf pd pf
avhvmjcif;taMumif;udak qG;aEG;&m
xnfhoGif;ajymMum;cJhygonf/
tqdkyg udef;*Pef;rsm;t
wdkif;qdkygu jrefrmEdkifiHwGif opf
awmjyKef;wD;rIEIef;rSm 1989 ck
ESpfaemufydkif;wGif rsm;pGmjrifhrm;
cJhNyD; 1989 ckESpfrS 2008 ckESpft
xd ESpfaygif; 20 eD;yg;umvt
Change

wGi;f ,cifuxuf wpf0ufausmf


avsmhuscJhjcif;jzpfonf/
,if;tjyif 2005 ckESpfESifh
2008 ckEpS o
f ;kH ESpt
f wGi;f jyKef;wD;
rIEeI ;f rSmvnf;ESpq
f eD;yg;txd jrifh
rm;cJhonfudkvnf; awGU&Sd&onf/
tqdkyg oHk;ESpftwGif; wpf
ESpfvQif opfawmjyKef;wD;rIEIef;rSm
9&mckid Ef eI ;f txdjrifw
h ufcNhJ yD; quf
vufxko
d Ykdxw
k ,
f al ernfqv
kd Qif
rMumrDEpS rf sm;twGi;f jrefrmEdik if \
H

awmfudkpm;vS,f? jynfolUvTwf
awmfo,HZmwESio
hf bm0ywf0ef;
usifxed ;f odr;f a&;qdik &f maumfrwD
twGif;a&;rSL; OD;odef;vGif\ avh
vmawGU&Sdcsufrsm;tay:tajccH
jrefrmEdik if t
H wGi;f ukeMf urf;rsm;udk
ukeaf csmtjzpfxw
k v
f yk u
f m jynfy
odYk wifyYkdou
l ek af csmydYkuek v
f yk if ef;
&Sirf sm;u opfwifyYkd jcif;tm;vH;k 0
&yfqdkif;&efvdkvm;aMumif; ajym
Mum;cJhonf/jrefrmEdkifiHtaejzifh

opfv;kH wefcsed af ygi;f rsm;pGm


jynfyodkh wifydkYaomfvnf; &&SdonfU0ifaiGrSm
rsm;pGmwdk;vmjcif;r&SdbJ opfawmjyKef;wD;rIonfom
0ifaiGEiS rUf vdu
k ?f &moDOwkazmufjyefrEI iS Uf
rvdkufatmif&Sdaeonf . . .
opfawmrsm;jyKef;wD;rIrmS tqd;k &Gm;
qH;k tajctaeodYk a&muf&o
dS mG ;awmh
rnf[k oHk;oyfMuonf/
opfawmjyKef;wD;&jcif;t"d
utaMumif;tcsufig;csuf&SdNyD;
opfrsm;tvGeftuRHxkwf,ljcif;?
w&m;r0ifopfc;kd xkwrf rI sm;jym;jcif;?
tpm;xdk;jyefvnfpdkufysKd;rIrvHk
avmufjcif;? a&TUajymif;awmif,m
pepfaMumifhjyKef;wD;jcif;ESifh xif;?
rD;aoG;tjzpfxw
k ,
f o
l ;kH pGrJ w
I Ykd rsm;
jym;jcif;[laomt"dutcsufBuD;
ig;csufudk axmufjycJhonf/
acsmufrq
J Ee,fjynfoUl vTwf
ESpftvdkuf jynfyodkY opfawm
xGufypnf;wifydkYrI
yrmP(tar&duefa':vm?oef;)
2008-2009
453 .04
2009-2010
527 .010
2010-2011
630 .225
2011-2012
641 .877

{&m0wDjrpfa&rsm;csdef 0g;0ifa&mufrIrsm;jym;jcif;aMumifU 0g;uyfx&Haps;EIef;rsm; usqif;


rdk;wGif;umv {&m0wDjrpf
a&rsm;csdef jrpftxufydkif; a&TvD
acsmif;zsm;rSxu
G &f adS om 0g;azmif
rsm;0ifa&mufrrI sm;jym;jcif;aMumifh
0g;uyfx&Haps;EIef;rsm;usqif;
vsuf&SdaMumif; od&Sd&onf/
]]jrpfaMumif;wpfavQmufa&
rsm;wJhtcsdefqdk 0g;t0ifrsm;wJh
twGuf 0g;aps;u usoGm;w,f/
0g;uyfvyk Nf yD; jyefa&mif;wJt
h cgrSm
vnf; tusaps;eJYyJ jyefa&mif;&

w,f/ 0gr0cifu 0g;trsK;d tpm;


tvdu
k f 0g;uyfwpf&mudk 17000
usyfaps;&Sdw,f/ tck 16000
usyfuae wjznf;jznf;usoGm;
w,f}}[k 0g;azmifrsm;qdkufuyf
&m rEav;NrdKU {&m0wDjrpfurf;
ab;&Sd uRJpGef;qdyfrS 0g;uyfx&H
vkyif ef;udik o
f w
l pfO;D u ajymMum;
onf/
]]rd;k wGi;f umvqdak yr,fh tdrf
rdk;0g;uyfaps;u wufroGm;bl;/

tckaemufydkif;tdrfrdk;0g;uyfudk
NrdKUay:uxufe,fawGu t0,f
rsm;w,f/ NrdKUay:u rD;a&;? xif;
a&;aMumufwmvnf;ygovdk oGyf
aps;eJYvnf; odrfruGmawmh 0g;
uyf0,frdk;wJh olu enf;oGm;
w,f/ rEav;teD;0ef;usifeJU
rw&me,fbufu MuufarG;jrL
a&;vkyif ef;awGrmS MuufjcHaqmuf
zdkYtwGuf avmufyJvm0,fMu
wmrsm;w,f}}[k qufvufajym

Mum;ygonf/
rEav;NrdKU {&m0wDjrpfurf;
uRJpGef;qdyfwGif qdkufuyfxm;&Sd
aom 0g;azmiftrsm;pkrmS {&m0wD
jrpftxufydkif;a&TvDacsmif;zsm;
txuf&o
dS pfawmrsm;rS 0g;rsm;udk
xkw,
f
l jrpfaMumif;wpfavQmuf
pkeq
f if;o,f,u
l m rif;uGe;f uif;
&GmqdyfrSwpfqifhjyefvnfo,f,l
a&mif;cs&aMumif; od&Sd&onf/
atmifol? Nidrf;Nidrf;aomf

Vous aimerez peut-être aussi