Lampiran 2.

Hasil Pemeriksaan Makroskopik Jeruk Bali

Universitas Sumatera Utara

Gambar 15. Tumbuhan Jeruk Bali

Gambar 16. Buah Jeruk Bali

(lanjutan)

Universitas Sumatera Utara

Gambar 17.Kulit Buah Jeruk Bali Segar

Gambar 18.Simplisia Kulit Buah

Jeruk Bali

Gambar 19. Serbuk Simplisia Kulit Buah Jeruk Bali

Lampiran 3. Hasil Pemeriksaan Mikroskopik

Universitas Sumatera Utara

1
2

3
4
5
6

Gambar 20. Mikroskopik penampang melintang kulit buah jeruk bali segar
Keterangan :
1. Epidermis
2. Hipodermis
3. Kristal kalsium oksalat
4. Kelenjar minyak atsiri
5. Mesokarp
6. Berkas pembuluh penebalan spiral

(lanjutan)

Universitas Sumatera Utara

1
2
3
4
5

Gambar 21. Mikroskopik serbuk simplisia kulit buah jeruk bali

1
Keterangan:
1. Epidermis
2. Mesokarp
3. Berkas pembuluh
4. Kristal kalsium oksalat
5. Stomata
6. Kelenjar minyak atsiri

Lampiran 4. Alat alat yang digunakan dalam penelitian

Universitas Sumatera Utara

Gambar 22. Alat Stahl

Gambar 23. Alat Penetapan Kadar Air

(lanjutan)

Universitas Sumatera Utara

Gambar 24. Alat Destilasi Air

Gambar 25. Alat Refraktometer Abbe

(lanjutan)

Universitas Sumatera Utara

Gambar 26. Alat Piknometer

Gambar 27. Alat GC-MS

Lampiran 5. Penetapan Kadar Air

Universitas Sumatera Utara

Kadar Air =

Volume II Volume I
x 100%
Berat sampel

1. Simplisia kulit buah jeruk bali

Sampel I =

Volume I

= 1,9 ml

Volume II

= 2,3 ml

Berat sampel = 5,005 g

Kadar air

2,3 1,9
x 100%
5,005

= 7,99 % b/v
Sampel II

Volume I

= 2,3 ml

Volume II

= 2,8 ml

Berat sampel = 5,008 g

Kadar air

2,8 2,3
x 100%
5,008

= 9,98% b/v
Sampel III

Volume I

= 2,8 ml

Volume II

= 3,2 ml

Berat sampel = 5,005 g

Kadar air

3,2 2,8
x 100%
5,001

= 7,99 % b/v
Kadar air rata rata

7,99%b / v + 9,98% b / v + 7,99%b / v

3

= 8,65 % b/v

Lampiran 6. Penetapan Kadar Minyak Atsiri

Universitas Sumatera Utara

Kadar Minyak Atsiri=

(Volume min yak atsiri )

x 100%
Berat sampel

1. Simplisia Kulit Buah Jeruk Bali Segar

Sampel I
Volume minyak atsiri

= 0,17 ml

Berat sampel

= 15,095 g

Kadar minyak atsiri

10,17
x 100%
15,095

= 1,13% b/v
Sampel II
Volume minyak atsiri

= 0,17 ml

Berat sampel

= 15,007 g

Kadar minyak atsiri

0,17
x 100%
15,007

= 1,13% b/v
Sampel III
Volume minyak atsiri

= 0,18 ml

Berat sampel

= 15,008 g

Kadar minyak atsiri

0,18
x 100%
15,008

= 1,13% b/v

Kadar minyak atsiri rata rata

1,13% b/v + 1,13% b/v + 1,13% b/v

3
= 1,13% b/v

Universitas Sumatera Utara

2. Simplisia Kulit Buah Jeruk Bali Kering

Sampel I
Volume minyak atsiri

= 0 ,1ml

Berat sampel

= 15,007 g

Kadar minyak atsiri

0,1
x 100%
15,007

=0,66 % b/v
Sampel II
Volume minyak atsiri

= 0,1ml

Berat sampel

= 15,047 g

Kadar minyak atsiri

0,1
100%
15,047

= 0,66% b/v
Sampel III
Volume minyak atsiri

= 0,11 ml

Berat sampel

= 15,008 g

Kadar minyak atsiri

0,11
x 100%
15,008

= 0,68% b/v

Kadar minyak atsiri rata rata =

0,66% b / v + 0,66%b / v + 0,68%b / v

3

= 0,67% b/v

Universitas Sumatera Utara

Lampiran 7. Penetapan Kadar Sari yang Larut dalam Air

Kadar sari larut dalam air =

Berat sari
100
x
x 100%
Berat sampel 20

1. Simplisia
Sampel I
Berat sampel

= 5,004 g

Berat sari

= 0,179 g

Kadar sari larut air

0,179 g 100
x
x 100%
5,004 g 20

= 17,89 % b/v
Sampel II
Berat sampel

= 5,002 g

Berat sari

= 0,145 g

Kadar sari larut air

0,145 g 100
x
x 100%
5,002 g 20

= 14,49 % b/v
Sampel III
Berat sampel

= 5,006 g

Berat sari

= 0,163 g

Kadar sari larut air

0,163 g 100
x
x 100%
5,006 g 20

= 16,28 % b/v
Kadar rata rata

17,8900%b / v + 14,49% b / v + 16,28%b / v

3

= 16,22

Universitas Sumatera Utara

Lampiran 8. Kadar Sari Larut dalam Etanol

Kadar sari larut dalam etanol =

Berat sari
100
x
x 100%
Berat sampel 20

Simplisia Kulit Buah Jeruk Bali

Sampel I
Berat sampel

= 5,006 g

Berat sari

= 0,109 g

Kadar sari larut etanol =

0,109 g 100
x
x 100%
5,006 g 20

= 11,88% b/v
Sampel II
Berat sampel

= 5,028 g

Berat sari

= 0,121 g

Kadar sari larut etanol =

0,121 g 100
x
x 100%
5,028 g 20

= 12,03 % b/v
Sampel III
Berat sampel

= 5,004 g

Berat sari

= 0,147 g

Kadar sari larut etanol =

0,147 g 100
x
x 100%
5,004 g 20

= 14,69 % b/v
Kadar rata rata

11,88% b / v + 12,03% b / v + 14,69%b / v

3

= 12,87% b/v

Universitas Sumatera Utara

Lampiran 9. Penetapan Kadar Abu Total

Kadar abu =

Berat abu
x 100%
Berat sampel

Simplisia Kulit Buah Jeruk Bali

Sampel I
Berat sampel = 2,0005 g
Berat abu

= 0,1742 g

Kadar abu

0,1742
x 100%
2,0005

= 8,71% b/b
Sampel II
Berat sampel = 2,0008 g
Berat abu

= 0,1721 g

Kadar abu

0,1721
x 100%
2,0008

= 8,60% b/b
Sampel III
Berat sampel = 2,0007 g
Berat abu

= 0,1638 g

Kadar abu

0,1638
x 100%
2,0007

= 8,18% b/b
Kadar abu total rata rata

8,71% b / b + 8,60% b / b + 8,18%b / b

3

= 8,50% b/b

Universitas Sumatera Utara

Lampiran 10. Penetapan Kadar Abu yang Tidak Larut dalam Asam
Kadar abu yang tidak larut dalam asam =

Berat abu
x 100%
Berat sampel

Simplisia Kulit Buah Jeruk Bali

Sampel I
Berat sampel = 2,0005 g
Berat abu

= 0,0220 g

Kadar abu

0,0220
x 100%
2,0005

= 1,09 % b/b
Sampel II
Berat sampel = 2,0008 g
Berat abu

= 0,0210 g

Kadar abu

0,0210
x 100%
2,0008

= 1,05% b/b
Sampel III
Berat sampel = 2,0007 g
Berat abu

= 0,0210 g

Kadar abu

0,0210
x 100%
2,0007

= 1,05 % b/b
Kadar abu total rata rata

1,09% b / b + 1,05% b / b + 1,05%b / b

3

= 1,06 % b/b

Universitas Sumatera Utara

Lampiran 11. Penetapan Indeks Bias

1. Simplisia Kulit Buah Jeruk Bali Segar
Sampel I

= 1,398

Sampel II

= 1,398

Sampel III

= 1,398

Indeks bias rata-rata

1,398 + 1,398 + 1,398

3

= 1,398
2. Simplisia Kulit Buah Jeruk Bali Kering
Sampel I

= 1,398

Sampel II

= 1,398

Sampel III

= 1,398

Indeks bias rata-rata =

1,398 + 1,398 + 1,398

3

= 1,398

Universitas Sumatera Utara

Lampiran 12. Penentuan Bobot Jenis Minyak Atsiri

Bobot jenis minyak atsiri

AB
CB

Keterangan : A : Bobot piknometer + minyak atsiri

B : Bobot piknometer kosong
C : Bobot piknometer + air suling
1. Simplisia Kulit Buah Jeruk Bali Segar
Sampel I
Bobot piknometer kosong

= 8,5421 g

Bobot piknometer + minyak atsiri

= 10,2122 g

Bobot piknometer + air suling

= 10,5422 g

Bobot jenis minyak atsiri

10,2122 8,5421
= 0,8350 g
10,5422 8,5421

Sampel II
Bobot piknometer kosong

= 8,5421 g

Bobot piknometer + minyak atsiri

= 10,2138 g

Bobot piknometer + air suling

= 10,5422 g

Bobot jenis minyak atsiri

10,2138 8,5421
= 0,8358 g
10,5422 8,5421

Sampel III
Bobot piknometer kosong

= 8,5421 g

Bobot piknometer + minyak atsiri

= 10,2132 g

Bobot piknometer + air suling

= 10,5422 g

Bobot jenis minyak atsiri

=s

Bobot jenis rata rata

10,2132 g 8,5421g
= 0,8355 g
10,5422 g 8,5421g

0,8350 g + 0,8358 g + 0,8355 g

= 0,8354 g
3

Universitas Sumatera Utara

1. Simplisia Kulit Buah Jeruk Bali Kering

Sampel I
Bobot piknometer kosong

= 8,5421 g

Bobot piknometer + minyak atsiri

= 10,2132 g

Bobot piknometer + air suling

= 10,5422 g

Bobot jenis minyak atsiri

10,2132 g 8,5421g
= 0,8355 g
10,5422 g 8,5421g

Sampel II
Bobot piknometer kosong

= 8,5421 g

Bobot piknometer + minyak atsiri

= 10,2132 g

Bobot piknometer + air suling

= 10,5422 g

Bobot jenis minyak atsiri

10,2132 g 8,5421g
= 0,8355 g
10,5422 g 8,8,5421g

Sampel III
Bobot piknometer kosong

= 8,5421 g

Bobot piknometer + minyak atsiri

= 10,2126 g

Bobot piknometer + air suling

= 10,5422 g

Bobot jenis minyak atsiri

Bobot jenis rata rata

10,2126 g 8,5421g
= 0,8352 g
10,5422 g 8,5421g

0,8355 g + 0,8355 g + 0,8352 g

= 0,8354 g
3

Universitas Sumatera Utara

Lampiran 13. Flowsheet isolasi minyak atsiri kulit buah jeruk bali segar
Buah jeruk bali
Ditiriskan dan diiris
Dicuci
Ditimbang
didestilasi air
Kulit buah
jeruk bali segar
Dikarakterisasi
1
2
3

Mikroskopis
Makroskopis
PK minyak atsiri

Ampas

Minyak atsiri dan air

dipisahkan

Air

Minyak atsiri dengan

kemungkinan adanya air

ditambah Na2SO4 anhidrat

Minyak atsiri

Na2SO4 x H2O

Universitas Sumatera Utara

Lampiran 14. Flowsheet isolasi minyak atsiri kulit buah jeruk bali kering
Buah jeruk bali
Ditiriskan dan diiris
Dicuci
Dikeringkan dan ditimbang
Simplisia
Dikarakterisasi
1
2
3
4

Mikroskopis
Makroskopis
PK Air
PK Abu
-Total
-Tidak larut asam
5. PK Sari
-Larut air
-Larut etanol
6. PK Minyak Atsiri

didestilasi air
dipisahkan
Minyak atsiri dan air

Ampas

Air

Minyak atsiri dengan

kemungkinan adanya air

ditambah Na2SO4 anhidrat

Minyak atsiri

Na2SO4 x H2O

Universitas Sumatera Utara

Lampiran 26. Pola Fragmentasi Komponen Minyak Atsiri

1. -pinen

CH2

CH3
15

C10H16
Exact Mass: 136.13
Mol. Wt.: 136.23
m/e: 136.13 (100.0%), 137.13 (11.0%)
C, 88.16; H, 11.84

C:

14

C9H13
Exact Mass: 121.1
Mol. Wt.: 121.2
m/e: 121.10 (100.0%), 122.11 (9.9%)
C, 89.19; H, 10.81

CH:

C8H11
Exact Mass: 107.09
Mol. Wt.: 107.17
m/e: 107.09 (100.0%), 108.09 (8.8%)
C, 89.65; H, 10.35

14

CH2

H3C
C
:

C3H5
Exact Mass: 41.04
Mol. Wt.: 41.07
m/e: 41.04 (100.0%), 42.04 (3.2%)
C, 87.73; H, 12.27

CH2

C:

CH3.

C2
24

C2H4
28

C 5H 9
Exact Mass: 69.07
Mol. Wt.: 69.12
m/e: 69.07 (100.0%), 70.07 (5.4%)
C, 86.88; H, 13.12

C7H9
Exact Mass: 93.07
Mol. Wt.: 93.15
m/e: 93.07 (100.0%), 94.07 (7.6%)
C, 90.26; H, 9.74

Universitas Sumatera Utara

2. -misren

CH2
H2
C

H3C
C
H

C
H2

CH2

C
H

C10H16
Exact Mass: 136.13
Mol. Wt.: 136.23
m/e: 136.13 (100.0%), 137.13 (11.0%)
C, 88.16; H, 11.84

H3C

- .CH3
CH2
H2
C

H3C
.C

2HC

CH2
C
H2

C
H

C
H

C9H13
Exact Mass: 121.1
Mol. Wt.: 121.2
m/e: 121.10 (100.0%), 122.11 (9.9%)
C, 89.19; H, 10.81

-24

CH2

CH2
H
C

CH2

CH

.HC

C
H

C7H9
Exact Mass: 93.07
Mol. Wt.: 93.15
m/e: 93.07 (100.0%), 94.07 (7.6%)
C, 90.26; H, 9.74

-:CH2
CH2

.HC

C6H7
Exact Mass: 79.05
Mol. Wt.: 79.12
m/e: 79.05 (100.0%), 80.06 (6.6%)
C, 91.08; H, 8.92

CH2

H
C

C
CH

.HC
CH

C
C
H

CH2
C
H

C6H7
Exact Mass: 79.05
-38
Mol. Wt.: 79.12
m/e: 79.05 (100.0%), 80.06 (6.6%)
C
C, 91.08; H, 8.92
.HC

CH.

CH2
HC
CH2.

C2H3
Exact Mass: 27.02
Mol. Wt.: 27.05
m/e: 27.02 (100.0%), 28.03 (2.2%)
C, 88.82; H, 11.18

CH2

C3H5
Exact Mass: 41.04
Mol. Wt.: 41.07
m/e: 41.04 (100.0%), 42.04 (3.2%)
C, 87.73; H, 12.27

-:CH2

CH

Universitas Sumatera Utara

3. D-limonen

CH2

H3C

C10H16
Mol. Wt.: 136.23
m/e: 136.13 (100.0%), 137.13 (11.0%)
C, 88.16; H, 11.84

C
CH
CH2

H2C
H2C

CH
C

-.CH3
-15

136

CH3

-.CH3
-15
CH2

H3C

CH2

.C

CH

CH

H2C
H2C

CH2

H2C

CH

H2C

C
.

CH2
CH
C

C9H13
Mol. Wt.: 121.2
CH3
m/e: 121.10 (100.0%), 122.11
H13
C
9
(9.9%)
H2C
Mol. Wt.: 121.2
C, 89.19; H, 10.81
m/e: 121.10 (100.0%), 122.11 (9.9%)
- :CH2
C, 89.19; H, 10.81
CH2

H3C

CH

CH
.H2C

.C

CH

- :CH2
C

.C

- :CH2

H2C

CH2

H2C

CH2

H3C

CH

- .C

C6H7
Mol. Wt.: 79.12
m/e: 79.05 (100.0%), 80.06 (6.6%)
C, 91.08; H, 8.92
H
CH2

H3C

.C

C8H11
Mol. Wt.: 107.17
C7H9
m/e: 107.09 (100.0%), 108.09
Mol. Wt.: 93.15
(8.8%)
m/e: 93.07 (100.0%), 94.07 (7.6%)
C, 89.65; H, 10.35
C, 90.26; H, 9.74

C
HC
CH2

C5H8
Mol. Wt.: 68.12
m/e: 68.06 (100.0%), 69.07 (5.5%)
C, 88.16; H, 11.84

CH2

H3C
C
:

C3H5
Mol. Wt.: 41.07
m/e: 41.04 (100.0%), 42.04 (3.2%)
C, 87.73; H, 12.27

CH2

H3C

-C
-12

- :CH3

C4H5
Mol. Wt.: 53.08
m/e: 53.04 (100.0%), 54.04 (4.3%)
C, 90.51; H, 9.49

Universitas Sumatera Utara

4.Limonen Oksid

CH2:
.C
.CH3

CH2
14

15

CH2

C8H13
C9H13O
Exact Mass: 137.1
Exact Mass: 109.1
Mol. Wt.: 137.2
Mol. Wt.: 109.19
m/e: 137.10 (100.0%), 138.10 (9.9%) m/e: 109.10 (100.0%), 110.11 (8.8%)
C, 78.79; H, 9.55; O, 11.66
C, 88.00; H, 12.00

C10H16O
Exact Mass: 152.12
Mol. Wt.: 152.23
m/e: 152.12 (100.0%), 153.12 (10.9%)
C, 78.90; H, 10.59; O, 10.51

14 CH2

CH:
C2H2

CH2

H2C

26

H2 C

CH3

C3H5
Exact Mass: 41.04
Mol. Wt.: 41.07
m/e: 41.04 (100.0%), 42.04 (3.2%)
C, 87.73; H, 12.27

CH2

26
26

C
:

C5H7
Exact Mass: 67.05
Mol. Wt.: 67.11
m/e: 67.05 (100.0%), 68.06 (5.5%)
C, 89.49; H, 10.51

C2H2

2HC

C
:

C7H9
Exact Mass: 93.07
Mol. Wt.: 93.15
m/e: 93.07 (100.0%), 94.07 (7.6%)
C, 90.26; H, 9.74

C2H3
Exact Mass: 27.02
Mol. Wt.: 27.05
m/e: 27.02 (100.0%), 28.03 (2.2%)
C, 88.82; H, 11.18

Universitas Sumatera Utara

5.Kariofillen
.C

.C

CH3

CH2

15

14

C14H21
C15H24
Exact Mass: 189.16
Exact Mass: 204.19
Mol. Wt.: 189.32
Mol. Wt.: 204.35
m/e: 204.19 (100.0%), 205.19 (16.5%), 206.19 (1.2%)m/e: 189.16 (100.0%), 190.17 (15.4%), 191.17 (1.1%)
C, 88.16; H, 11.84
C, 88.82; H, 11.18

C13H19
Exact Mass: 175.15
Mol. Wt.: 175.29
m/e: 175.15 (100.0%), 176.15 (14.3%)
C, 89.07; H, 10.93

CH2 14
.C
C11H15
Exact Mass: 147.12
Mol. Wt.: 147.24
m/e: 147.12 (100.0%), 148.12 (12.1%)
C, 89.73; H, 10.27

.C

CH2
14

CH2

C12H17
Exact Mass: 161.13
Mol. Wt.: 161.26
m/e: 161.13 (100.0%), 162.14 (13.2%)
C, 89.37; H, 10.63

14 CH2

CH2

C10H13
Exact Mass: 133.1
Mol. Wt.: 133.21
m/e: 133.10 (100.0%), 134.11 (11.0%)
C, 90.16; H, 9.84

28

C2H4

.CH
CH2

.CH

CH

CH2

13
.CH2

CH

C9H12
Exact Mass: 120.09
Mol. Wt.: 120.19
m/e: 120.09 (100.0%), 121.10 (9.9%)
C, 89.94; H, 10.06
15

C8H9
Exact Mass: 105.07
Mol. Wt.: 105.16
m/e: 105.07 (100.0%), 106.07 (8.7%)
C, 91.37; H, 8.63

CH3

C10H13
Exact Mass: 133.1
Mol. Wt.: 133.21
m/e: 133.10 (100.0%), 134.11 (11.0%)
C, 90.16; H, 9.84

CH3

.CH

C
CH

12
CH

C 7H 9
Exact Mass: 93.07
Mol. Wt.: 93.15
m/e: 93.07 (100.0%), 94.07 (7.6%)
C, 90.26; H, 9.74

14
CH2

CH2
C2

H3C
CH
C6H7
Exact Mass: 79.05
Mol. Wt.: 79.12
m/e: 79.05 (100.0%), 80.06 (6.6%)
C, 91.08; H, 8.92

24

CH2:

H2C

CH2:

14
C3H5
Exact Mass: 41.04
Mol. Wt.: 41.07
m/e: 41.04 (100.0%), 42.04 (3.2%)
C, 87.73; H, 12.27
CH2

C4H7
Exact Mass: 55.05
Mol. Wt.: 55.1
m/e: 55.05 (100.0%), 56.06 (4.4%)
C, 87.19; H, 12.81

14
CH2.
C2 H3
Exact Mass: 27.02
Mol. Wt.: 27.05
m/e:
C, 88.82; H, 11.18

Universitas Sumatera Utara

6. Germakren D
CH3

CH3
H2
C

C
HC

C
H2

CH

H 2C

CH
C
H2

C3H7
Mol. Wt.: 43.09
m/e: 43.05 (100.0%), 44.06 (3.3%) CH3
C, 83.63; H, 16.37
.HC

CH2

CH3

C15H24
Mol. Wt.: 204.35
m/e: 204.19 (100.0%), 205.19 (16.5%), 206.19 (1.2%)
C, 88.16; H, 11.84

CH

C
H

CH3
CH3
HC

H2
C

C
HC

CH
C
H

C12H17
Exact Mass: 161.13
Mol. Wt.: 161.26
m/e: 161.13 (100.0%), 162.14 (13.2%)
C, 89.37; H, 10.63

H2C

-:CH2.

HC

HC
CH

C
H2

CH3

C:

-:CH2.

H 2C
C
H2

C8H9
Exact Mass: 105.07
Mol. Wt.: 105.16
m/e: 105.07 (100.0%), 106.07 (8.7%)
C, 91.37; H, 8.63

CH2:

H2C

CH

C
CH2

CH
C
H2

H
:
C

C:

-:CH2.
H 2C

-36

C:

HC

HC
H 2C

CH2

C10H13
C9H11
Exact Mass: 133.1
Exact Mass: 119.09
Mol. Wt.: 133.21
Mol. Wt.: 119.18
m/e: 133.10 (100.0%), 134.11 (11.0%)
m/e: 119.09 (100.0%), 120.09 (9.9%)
C, 90.16; H, 9.84
C, 90.70; H, 9.30

:
C

CH2

-:CH2.

C:

CH2

-:CH2.

H 2C

C11H15
Exact Mass: 147.12
Mol. Wt.: 147.24
m/e: 147.12 (100.0%), 148.12 (12.1%)
C, 89.73; H, 10.27

CH2

HC

CH
C
H2

CH

H 2C

C:

C
H2

H 2C

C
H2

C
H2

CH2

-:CH2.

CH3

C:

-:CH2.
H 2C

C
H

CH2

C2H3
C
H
H2
Exact Mass: 27.02
H
C3H5
C7H7
Mol. Wt.: 27.05
Exact Mass: 41.04
Exact Mass: 91.05
m/e: 27.02 (100.0%), 28.03 (2.2%)
C4H7
Mol. Wt.: 41.07
Mol. Wt.: 91.13
C, 88.82; H, 11.18
Exact Mass: 55.05
m/e: 41.04 (100.0%), 42.04 (3.2%)
m/e: 91.05 (100.0%), 92.06 (7.7%)
Mol. Wt.: 55.1
C, 87.73; H, 12.27
C, 92.26; H, 7.74
m/e: 55.05 (100.0%), 56.06 (4.4%)
C, 87.19; H, 12.81
C

Universitas Sumatera Utara