Thoracic Cavity: Pleurae & Lungs

Thoracic Cavity
3 parts
2 pulmonary: (lat.) lungs & pleurae (?) Mediastinum: (central) Heart & other str. (??)

Pleura
Fluid filled sac that surrounds the lung

Fxn.: friction between ?? & ??

* As when you push your fist in fluid filled baloon

Compartments of Pleura
2 continuous memb. & a cavity in between - Visceral Pleura: covers the lungs & follow its curves - Parietal Pleura: lines thoracic wall, mediastinum & ?? - Pleural Cavity: space between ?? contains fluid (why?)

Pleural Surfaces
- Costal surface opposite to ribs & intercostal m. - Mediastinal surface opposite to mediastinum (med.)

- Diaphragmatic surface opposite to ??

- Cervical pleura extends into the neck (2-3 cm above clavicle)

Pleural Reflections
Curvatures between pleural surfaces - Sternal Ref.

Sharp, ant. between ??

- Costal Ref. Sharp, inf. between ??

- Vertebral rounded, post. between ??

Pleural Recesses
Recess: Deep space created by pleural reflections Costodiaphragmatic Recess: space between costal & diaphragmatic surfaces of the pleura Costomediastinal Recess: space between costal & mediastinal surfaces * larger in lf. side

Neurovascular Supply to The Pleura

Parietal: (very sensitive)
Follows thoracic wall Intercostal VAN Diaphragmatic: musculophrenic a. Phrenic n.

Visceral:
Follows the lung Bronchial a. & V.

* No innervation insensitive

Abnormalities in Pleural Cavity

Pneumothorax: air in pleural cavity from: penetrating wounds (fractured rib) Hemothorax: bld. In pleural cavity from: inj. To intercostal vessel

Chylothorax: lymph in pleural cavity from: inj. To thoracic duct

partial lung collapse & impaired respiration Rx.: Thoracocentesis

Thoracocentesis

The Lungs
The vital organ of respiration Fxn.: oxygenation of bld. Apperance ?? Each lung have: Apex: extends into ?? 3 surfaces: costal, mediast., diaphragm. 3 borders: ant., post., inf.

Right Lung
Larger than left lung

Divides into 3 lobes: sup., middle, inf.

in between lobes 2 fissures: Oblique fissure: 6th CC (ant.) T2 (post.)

Horizontal fissure: 4th CC (ant.) oblique fissure at ??

Left Lung
Smaller than Rt. Because ??

2 lobes: Sup., inf.

1 fissure: Oblique fissure Ant. Border: Cardiac Notch Lingula (beneath the notch)

Root & Hilum of The Lung

On Medial Surface Root: Str. that enter or leave the lung (pulmonary a. & v. & bronchi) Hilum: site where the root is attached to the lung

Arrangement of Structures In Lung Hilum

Left Lung Right Lung

Trachea
Fibrocartilaginous tube (C6 Sternal angle) In deep inspiration it reaches the level of ?

~13 cm Length & 2.5 cm Width

Anterolat.: U-shaped bars of hyaline catilage Post.: smooth muscle (trachealis)

Bronchi
1. Main bronchi (1O):
One on each side Extend from ?? To ?? Rt. bronchus: Wider, shorter & more vertical Lf. Bronchus: Narrower, longer & more horizontal Relations of lf. Bronchus: Inf. ? , Ant. ??

2. Lobar bronchi (2O):

2 lf. & 3 Rt.

3. Segmental bronchi (3O):

Supply the bronchopulmonary segments

Bronchopulmonary Segments (Read Your Textbook for Complete Details)

Anatomical, Functional, & Surgical units of the lung

- Subdivisions of lung lobes

- Pyramidal in shape: apex: root, base: pleural surfaces - Each segment has its own bld. Supply & innervation - Separated by C.T.

- 10 in each lung
- Diseased segment can be removed surgically (because it is a structural unit)