Assignment on TCP vs.

UDP Usage in Internet Traffic & Sender Utilization of Stop and Wait

For the course CSE 518 Advanced Computer Network

Submitted by Moin Uddin 2012-1-96-005

Date of Sumbmission 14-Jun-2012

TCP vs. UDP Usage in Internet Traffic

TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) is a connection oriented protocol that establishes a data connection first. Once the connection is established, data is transmitted in bi-directional fashion. On the other hand, UDP (User Datagram Protocol) is a connection less protocol. It uses a method called best effort to transmit messages. UDP generally sends messages as chunks of packets and does not care whether the packet has reached it's destination. Following is ratio of UDP and TCP traffic of Internet:

A portdistribution analysis helped us infer the nature of the UDP flows. Figure 1 plots CDFs of the port numbers used by UDP flows (x-axis in log-scale). For traces from 2002-2003, around 40% of UDP flows run on ports below 1024, including DNS (port 53), NTP (port 123) and NetBios traffic (port 137). Since 2003, usage of ephemeral ports (>1024) has increased considerably. Besides DNS, NTP and NetBios ports, the top-used ports in terms of UDP flows are those normally used by P2P applications (Table 2), such as 4672 and 4665 (eDonkey), 6881 (BitTorrent), 6346 (Gnutella) and 6257 (WinMX).

Sender Utilization of Stop & Wait ARQ

Stop-and-wait ARQ is a method used in telecommunications to send information between two connected devices. Following figure shows a general methodology of Stop & Wait mechanism.

Figure: Stop & Wait ARQ Here, = Link Bandwidth L = Packet Size L/ = Transmission Time Tg = Througput = Retranmission Time Then, the sender utilization of Stop & Wait is:

For example, if = 1Gbps, L= 8 Kbits, L/ = 8 ms, and Tg = 100 Kbps. Then sender utilization is: