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EZHUPATHU VASANTHANGAL Souvenir of the SAPTHATHI OF Chev. Prof. GEORGE MENACHERY

Released on 6 April 2008

Printed at :

MMB Offset Printers, Mariapuram 680 014

Type setting:

K. O. Francis, Thiroor.
Layout:

Smriti, Trichur
Published by:

The Sapthathi Samithi

Price :

Rs. 100
Editor :

Prof. A. M. Francis (Principal, St. Thomas College Trichur)

Associate Editor:

Rev. Bro. Louis Manjaly MMB (Editor, Maryvijayam Magazine)

C O N T E N TS
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22 23 5 Editorial Prof. A.M. Francis - 5 Cardinal Vithayathil - 9 Mar Powathil - 10 Mar Thazhath - 11 Mar Aprem - 14 Mar Pazhayattil - 17 Mar Chittilappilly - 18 Mar Pastor Neelankavil - 22 Fr. Albert Nambiaparampil - 24 Fr. Manikkathan CMI - 26 Sadhu Ittiyavirah - 28 Dr. J. Vellian - 30 Dr. Puthezhath Ramachandran - 32 Fr. Selvister Ponnumuthan - 34 Dr. Jose Thachil - 36 Sr. Cleopatra - 38 Fr. Francis Thonippara - 39 Fr. J. Thachil - 41 Dalithabandhu N.K. Jose - 44 Fr. Isaac Alappatt - 46 Dr. N.J. Francis - 48 Dr. A.M. Mundadan - 54 Prof. V.A. Varghese - 57

24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. 37. 38. 39. 40. 41. 42. 43. 44. 45. 46. 47. 48. 49. 50. 51. 52. 53. 54. 55.

Dr. K.K. Rahulan - 60 Velayudhan Panikkassery - 64 Joseph Munjely - 66 Dr. Tholoor Sasidharan - 69 Cherian Kunianthodath - 73 Dr. K.M. Tome - 75 Dr. George Irumpayam - 78 Babu Velappaya - 80 Varghese Angamaly - 82 C.K. Girijakumar - 85 Fr. George Edakkalathur - 89 Mathew Madukkakuzhy - 91 Tom Jose Angamaly - 94 Jose Chittilappilly - 96 George Emmatty - 98 Baby Mookken - 100 Dominic Akkara - 102 Fr. Mundassery - 105 Fr. Paul Pulikken - 110 Henry Brownrigg, London - 112 Fr. Joseph Thondiparambil - 113 Mathew Plathottam - 115 Sr. Franco - 117 Bro. Louis Manjaly - 118 Dr. E. J. Thomas - 124 Sr. Osburga CMC - 126 Dr. E.J. James - 129 Fr. Jacob Areanatt - 134 V.G. Varghese - 135 Basil Davis U.S.A. - 138 John Kachiramattom - 139 Thanks - 145

Ncn-{X-Im-c, ]n-X, IemkmwkvIm-cnI {]h-I Fo hyXykvX tdmfp-I-fn Ime- ns IpXn- p- I n- S - b nepw InXbvm Hcp hy-n{]-`-bpsS kv^pc-W-ambn \ne-sIm-p-I-bmWv s{]m^. tPmv ta\mt-cn. GXmp Ac-\q-m-p-Imew tIc-fns s]mXp-th-bpw Xriq-cns {]tXy-Inpw kmwkvIm-cnI a-e-nepw ]nX kZpIfnepw ss{Ikv X h k`- b nepw CXc {]h\taJ-e-I-fnepw \ndp \n Hcp hyn-Xz-amWv s{]m^. ta\m-t-cn. Nv lndn Atkm- k n- t b- j Hm^v Cy, sNss-bnse Cn-yqv Hm^v Gjy Uokv, tIcf tv BntbmfPn t_mUvv, kmlnXy Am-Z-an, tImgn-tmSv k-I-emime sk\- v , t_mUv Hm^v Uo- k v , {InkvXy ]T\ sNb, Xriq AXn-cq-]X Amb t\XrXz ]cn-io-e-\-tI-{w, tIcf lndn Atkm-kn-tb-j, tIcf Ncn{X KthjW kanXn Ch-sbmw At-l-ns {]h- \ - a - - e - - f n Nne- X p- a m- { Xw. ss{Ikv X h k`- b p- a mbn _- s tIc- f nse BZys ayqknbw \nn- X nbpw ss{Ikv X h Ie- I - f psS t{]mm- l - \ hpw {]tXyIw kvacn-t--Xm-Wv. ]e m]-\-fpsS cq]o-IcWn\pw ]noSv Ah-sbmw - - henb {]m-\--fmn amm\pw s{]m^.
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s{]m^. F. Fw.{^mkokv

ta\m-t-cnp Ign-n-p-v. s{]m^. ta\m-t-cn-bpsS k]vXXn-bpsS `mK-ambn At-lns Hm A\-iz-cam-p-IbmWv Cu kvac-WnI-bpsS eyw. ta\m-t-cn-km-dns _lp-ap-J{]-Xn-`-bpsS Aev]w Nne Awi-sa-nepw CXn-eqsS ]pd-psIm-p-h-cm klm-bnpw FmWv R-fpsS {]Xo-. Xriq sk v. tXmakv tImtf-Pn Cwojv hn`mKw Aym-]I\mbn HutZym-KnI PohnXw Bcw-`n s{]m^. ta\m- tcn Cp Adn-b-s-Sp-Xp Hcp {]ikvX k`m-N-cn-{X-Im-c F \ne-bn-em-Wv. Atlw FUnv sNbvX ""{InkvXy Fssk-tm-]o-Unb'' am{Xw aXn B {]Xn-`-bpsS amp- hnfn-dn-bnm. At-l-ns k`-tbm-Sp \no-a-amb tkh\- sf ap\nn Cu ASp Imep At- l s k`bpsS tbmmhv (sj-h-en-b) F ]w \In am]m BZ-cn-p. s{]m^. ta\m-t-cn-bpsS Hcp hjw \op-\n k]vXXn-bpsS ]cy-h-km-\-am-bn-mWv Cu kvac-WnI ]pd-n-d-p-Xv. C-gn Hcp hjw apgp-h\pw sshhn-[y-am ]cn-]mSn-I sImp \nd-p-\n--Xm-bn-cpp k]vX-Xn-bm-tLm-jw. bph-Xsb ]{X-{]-h-\-n-tepw kmln-Xym-`n-cp-Nn-bntepw \bn-p ]{X-{]-h\ inev]-im-e, Nn{X-c-N\m ssh`hw ]pd-s-Sp-m klm-bn-p Nn{X-Iem inev]-ime, Ncn-{Xhpw kwkvIm-chpw Dun-bp-Wp--Xn\v Ncn-{X-skan-\mdpw {]Zi-\-hpw, kwKo-X-ns km--IX shfn-sSp-p kwKo-XsIpdn-p skan-\m Ah-bn NneXp-am-{Xw. sshhn[yw sImpw kwLm-SIan-Ihp-sImpw anI- - p-\n Hcp k]vX-Xn-bm-tLm-jw. Cu kvac-WnI Hm-IfpsS Hcp NnI-s-Sp-emWv. s{]m^. ta\m-tcn F hmnbpw Ncn-{X-Im-c-\p-amb _lpapJ {]Xn-`sb XnIpw hyXy-kvXamb coXn-bn ImWp-hm\pw a\-n-em-p-hm\pw Cu {]Xn-`sb `mhn-X-e-ap-dbvv ]cn-N-bs-Sp-m\pw D]-Icn-p-XmWv Cu kvac-WnI Xo-bmbpw Ncn-{X-nepw Ie-bnepw kmwkvIm-cnI taJ-e-bnepw Hc-ym]-I F \ne-bnepw At-l-ns kw`m-h\Isf \nm-cambn ImWp-hm km[n-n-. Ch-sbmw Hm-bpsS sNtSn\npw ]pd-p-sIm-p-h-cp-hm-\mWv Cu kvac-Wn-I-bnse Hmtcm teJ-\-fpw {ian-p--Xv. shdpw Ipsd teJ-\--fneqsS s{]m^. ta\m-t-cn-bpsS kw`-h-_-lp-e-amb PohnXw kwt-]n-pI FXp {ia-I-c-am-Wv. Fn-cp-mepw tIc8

fs Ipdn-pw, ss{IkvXh k`-sb-Ip-dnpw, {]tXy-Inpw Xriq Hcp kmwkvIm-cnI Xe-m-\am-p-Xn\pw C\nbpw hf-sc-b[nIw kz]v\- Xmtem-en-p s{]m^. ta\m-t-cn-bpsS k]vX-XnbpsS Hcp Ffnb D]-lm-cam-bn-p-am{Xw Cu kvac-Wn-Isb Im aXn. Cu kvac-WnI bmYmy-am-m CXns ]nn {]hn At\Iw hyn-Ifp-v. Ah-scsbmw Cu Ah-kc-n {]tXyIw A\p-kva-cn-p-p, {]Xy-Inpw Cu kvac-Wn-IbpsS kl FUn- Bbn {]hn dh. {_. fqbnkv afnsbbpw, teJ-\- FgpXn X-h-scbpw \n-tbmsS Hmpp. Cu kvac-W-nI-bpsS IhNn{Xw Unssk sNbvX A Pkodbnse _nPphnt\mSpw ]pkv X Iw Unssk sNbv X kvarXnbnse tUhnUnt\mSpw Fm-n-\p-ap-]-cn-bmbn IrXy-k-abp Xs at\m-l-c-ambn A-Snp klm-bn- acnbm]pcw bqWnb {]v {]hItcmSpw {]tXyIw \n ]d-bp-p.

s{]m^. F. Fw. {^mkokv FUn-.

k]vXXn kanXn
(FIvknIyqohv) tUm. s{]m^. ]n.hn. IrjvW \mb
sNbam

s{]m^. F. Fw. {^mkokv

{]nknm, sk v tXmakv tImtfPv, Xriq sshkv sNbam

s{]m^. hn.]n. tPmkv

hnv sNbam

s{]m^. hn.F. hKokv

sP\d Iho\

s{]m^. sI.kn. Pbnwkv

tPm. sP\d Iho\

{io. t__n aq
tPm. sP\d Iho\

{io tUhokv Iwpg

{Sjd

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In-\m hn hnX-b-n
kotdm-a-e-_m k`-bpsS t{ijvTsa{Xm-tm-eo

Ign Ap Zi-I--fnse _lp-apJ{]h-\--fm tIc-fnepw `mc-Xnepw am{X-a, At-iob Xe-nepw Adn-bs-Sp Hcp k`mkvt\lnbpw Ncn-{Xm-t\z-jnbpw Iem-kzm-Z-I-\p-amWv s{]m^. tPmv ta\m-t-cn. tIc-f-k-`-bp-sSbpw `mc-X-k-`-bp-sSbpw X\n-abpw ]mc--cyhpw ]n-X-k-aw Ah-X-cn-nv {]iwk t\Sn-bn-p alhyn-bmWv At-lw. sk v tXmakv {InkvXy Fssk-tm]o-Unb Hm^v Cy, Cy Nv lndn mkn-Ivkv, Zn \{km-Wo-kv, tXmam-]o-Unb XpS-nb {K-fn-eqsS `mc-Xss{I-kvXhkaq-lns {]uVnbpw al-Xzhpw temI-n\p t_m[y-s-Sp-n-sm-Sp-p-hm Atl-n\p Ign-p. At-ls-p-dnp ]d-bp-tm, Hcp hnZKv[kwLn\v Gsd-mew sImv tin-p-am{Xw \n-ln-m-hp _rl-mb _unItkh\w GI-\mbn {lkz-Imew sImv \nd-thn Fp ]d-bpXv hfsc icn-bm-bn-cn-pw. CXn-\-v At-l-n\v {]tNm-Z-\-am-bXv ASm k`m-kvt\-lhpw \psS ]mc-cy-fnepw Ncn-{X-]camb ]ucm- Wn-I-X-bnepw D Bg-ta-dnb A`n-am-\-hp-am-Wv. k]vX-Xn-bpsS \nd-hn- F-n-bn-cn-p s{]m^. tPmv ta\mt-cnv Fs lrZbw \nd {]m-\m-iw-k-I t\cp-p. Fgp]Xp hj-mewsImv sNbvXpXo al-mb kwcw-`--tf-m ]Xn--Sv al-Xz-ta-dnb tkh-\- ImgvN-sh-m At-l-n\v C\nbpw km[n-s Fp {]mn-p-p. k]vXXn BtLm-jv Fm hnP-b-fpw t\cp-p.

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Message

Message

Bv_njv am tPmk^v ]n

k]vX-Xn-bpsS kwXr]vXn
s{]m^. tPmv ta\m-t-cn-bp-ambn F\nv Gsd ASpp ]cn-N-b-apsp ]d-bm-\m-hn-. kt-f\fnepw s]mXpthZn-Ifn-ep-am-bmWv R - - Ip-ap-n-bn-p--Xv. Npcpw Nne k`--fn ASpncpp kwkm-cnm Ah-kcw Inn-bn-p-apv. Hcp ZuXy-t_m-[-ap hyn-bm-bn-mWv F\nv At-ls ImWm Ign-bp-I. _un-I-cw-K-p t{]jn-X-{]-h-\-n Atlw Gsd {]m[m\yw \In-bn-p-v. {]tXy-Inpw Ncn-{X-cw-K-n-\mWv Atlw Gsd Du \In-bn-p--Xv. Chn-sS-bm-Wtm tIc-fo-b-cpsS ]cm-[o-\-X-bpw. ]t \psS B-hn-izmkw hfp--Xn\v icn-bmb Ncn{Xmh-t_m[w IqSntb Xocq. ]e Ncn{XtcJ-I Is-m\pw Ahsb ASn-m-\-amn {K- cNnv s]mXp-P-\s {]_p--am-m\pw At-l-n\p Ign-np--v. amtmm {InkvXym-\n-I-sf-p-dnp Hcp hnm-\-tImiw cq]-s-SppI FXv Gsd {ia-I-c-amb ]cn-{i-a-am-sWv \ap--dn-bmw. Fnepw A-s\-sbmcp ]cn-{i-an\p BZy-ambn apXnXv s{]m^. tPmv ta\mt-cn-bm-Wv. CXv Xo-bmbpw amtmam {InkvXym-\n-Ip hen-sbmcp apXIqm-Wv. ka-{K-amb coXn-bn amtmm {InkvXym-\n-Isf a\-nem-m Cu {Kw Gsd klm-b-I-amIpw. C-s\-sbmcp {Kw ]pXnb Xe-ap-dbvv hen-sbmcp A\p-{K-l-am-Wv. kaq-l-n-\p-thn ]eXpw sNbvXp F Nmcn-Xmy-tmsS s{]m^. tPmv ta\m-tcnbvv k]vXXn BtLm-jn-m Ign-bpw. Cubh-k-c-n At-l-ns kplr-p- tNv Hcp kvac-WnI {]kno-I-cn-p-Xv XnIpw kap-Nn-X-am-Wv. Cu {K-w At\-Iv {]tNm-Z-\am-Ip-sap Icp-Xp-p. k]vXXn BtLm-jn-p s{]m^. tPmv ta\m-t-cnv Biw-kI. kaq-l-n IqSp-X kw`m-h-\-I C\nbpw \Im ssZhw Atls A\p-{K-ln--s. kvac-Wn-I-bpsS {]km-[-Ipw A`n-\--\-.
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am B{Uqkv Xmgv
Xriq AXn-cq-]X sa{Xm-tm-eo

Xr-iq AXn-cq-]-Xbpw s{]m^. tPmv ta\m-t-cnbpw

kotdm ae-_m k`-bpsS D-a-]p-{X-\mb s{]m^. tPmv ta\mt-cnv CunsS _\-UnIvv 16-ma ammbn\nv sjh-en-b m\w e`n--Xn lm-amb A`n-\--\ t\cp-p. ]ucm-WnIhpw DX ss{IkvXh ]mc--cy-apXpamb Hq F-cntcn ta\m-tcn IpSpw-_-n ]nd Atlw k`m-X-e-nepw Ncn{X-km-aq-ly-kmw-kvm-cnI]p-cm-hkvXpKth-jWcwK-fnepw hfsc sshZ-Kv[yhpw A\p-`h k-pap hyn-bm-Wv. sk v tXmakv tImsf-Pn Rm hnZymn-bm-bn-cn--tm apX F\nv Atls ]cn-N-b-ap-v. tdman tPm t]m cm-a amm--bpsS m\m-tcm-lWth-fbn tIc-fnse Hcp ]{X-ns {]Xn-\n-[n-bmbn - Atlw ]s-Sp--tmgpw F\nv At-l-hp-ambn _-s-Sp-hm km[n-p. At-l-ns k`m-hn-m-\n-b-s--n-bp Adnhp IqSpX a\-n-em-m Ign-Xv Atm-gm-bncpp. 1983 Xr-iq ssa\ skan-\m-cn-bn Rm {]os^-IvSmbpw _njvkv lukn sk{I--dn-bmbpw tkh-\-a-\p-jvTnp-tm Atl-hp-ambn IqSp-X ASp-n-S-]-g-Im km[n-p. Xriq AXn-cq-]Xm ]md Iukn AwK-sa \ne-bnepw Ncn{X ]n-X-s\ \nebnepw Atlw cq]Xm{]h-\--fpsS ap-Wn-bn-emWv \ne-sIm-ncp--Xv. 1-978se \ho-I-c-W-hj-nepw 1983se hnizmk{]Jym-]\ dmenbnepw 1986 se ammm ki\ thZnbnepw Atlw kmwkvmcnI ss]XrI Sm_vtfm-I Ah-Xcnn-v B ]cn-]m-Sn-Isf IqSp-X
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Message

anI-hp--Xm-n. Xriq eqv Io-{U ]n-tbm-S-\p-_-nv Ncn-{Xayq-knbw Bcw-`n--Xn\pw ]n--e-I-fpsS t^mtm-Ifpw ]pcm-X-\-amb ap ]S-fpw sa{Xm-k\ ancn m-]nv IqSp-X {it-bamno-Xn\pw At-l-tmSv \ IS-s-n-cn-p-p. sk v tXmakv Fssk-tm-]o-Unbm Hm^v Cybpw ap {]mamWnI {K-fpw cNn--Xnepw ]n--e-Ifpw Ncn-{Xhpw kwkvm-cn-Ihp-am-bp hnjbfnepap At-l-ns AKm[ ]mn-Xyhpw kmwkvm-cnI ss]Xr-I- hcpwXe-ap-d-bvp-thn Icp-Xn-h-bvm\p At-l-ns XovWX hy-am-p-p. kzw t]m-n\np-t]mepw ]Ww sNe-hmn k`-bvp-thn {]b-Xv\n-m-\p Atlns Bm-Xbpw \nkzm-Xbpw AwKo-I-cn-msX \nhr-nbn-. tPm t]m cm-a amm--bpsS Xriq ki-\-th-f-bn (1986) ta\m-tcn kmdp-ambn IpSp-X ASp-p- {]-hn-m F\np km[n-p. tkmh-\o In-n-bn Rfncp-hcpw AwK--fm-bn-cp-p. tkmh-\o AXnat\m-l-c-ambn {]kn-o-I-cn-m {][m-\-Im-cWw s{]m^. tPmv ta\m-t-cn-bpsS Bm-amb ITn-\m-zm-\-am-Wv. cq]-Xbvv sNbvX tkh-\- apXp hj-ambn s{]m^. tPmv ta\m-tcn Xriq AXn-cq-]Xm ]m-d Iukn AwK-ambn {]hn-p-h-cp-p. AXn-cq-]-X-bpsS Ncn{Xkmwkvm-cnI kanXn-bn Atlw ncmw-K-am-Wv. k`m-{]h-\-v Ghpw \qX-\hpw ]n-tXm-Nn-Xhpw {]mtbm-Kn-I-hpamb Bi-b- \In-bn-p hyn-bmWv At-lw. Xriq-cnse Aamb t\XrXz ]cn-io-e-\-tI-{-n Fm-ehpw ap\n-c-bn \np {]hn-p-h-cp- kmc-Yn-bmWv Atlw. Xriq AXn-cq-]XbpsS kmwkvm-cnI hn`m-Kamb Iem-kZs m]-\nepw - hf-bnepw AwK-sa \ne-bnepw {]kn-Uv F \ne-bnepw Atl-ns ]v \nkvXp-eam-Wv. ]p- hjw Atlw Iem-kZs {]knU-m-bn-cp-p. kotdmae-_m k`-bpsS kmwkvm-cnIss]XrIw Imp-kq-np-Xn-\p-thn Ghpw A[nIw ]cn-{i-an-n-p Aevambt\Xm-hmWv s{]m^. tPmv ta\m-t-cn. kotdmae-_m enPn- sk-dnt\m-Sp- tNv, auv sk v tXma-kn {InkvXy ayqkn-bhpw ]me-bqcn {InkvXy ayqkn-bhpw cp]-s-Sp-nbXns {][m-\inev]n tPmv amjm-Wv. ]e ssZhm-eb-fn-sebpw ]pcm-X\Iemcq-] Impkqn-p- - - -

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-Xn\pw ]pXnb ]n-eI cq]o-Icn-p-Xn\pw am Fpw Z- {i-\m-bn-cp-p. amtm-am {InkvXym-\n-IfpsS Ncn-{XsIpdnv ]T\w \S-p B[p-\nI Kth-j-I-cn ap]-n-bn \np BfmWv At-lw. ]e Ime-fnepw tZi-fnepw ]e-hn[ thZn-Ifnepw Atlw Ah-X-cn-n-n-p {]_-- \nc-h-[n-bm-Wv. ]e skan-\m-cn-I-fnepw Atlw ]n--e-I-sf-Ip-dnpw kmwkvmcnI ss]Xr-I-s-p-dnpw At\Ihj-fmbn ]-Tn-n-p-sIm-n-cn-p-p. ]pdw-cm-Py--fn kotdm ae-_m k`-bpsS kmwkvm-cnI Aw_mkn-U Fv amsd \ymb-ambpw hnti-jn-n-m-hp--Xm-Wv. Ctm hn-m-\n\nv \Isn-cn-p sjh-en-b ]Zhn amv AwKoIm-chpw t{]mm-l-\hpw Ccw cwK---fn {]hn-p Aambv Dt-P-\-hpw B-bn-o-c-s Fp Biw-kn-pp.

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Message

Metropolitan Mar Aprem

Chevalier George Menachery has received an honour he deserved well from his Church in his 70th year. He dedicated his life for research and publishing facts about the history of Christianity in India, He was also known abroad for his many achievements in the field of his choice. He was not a professor of history. He was professor of English language and literature. It is a rare privilege to be the head of the Department of English in the St.Thomas College, Trichur, where several eminent professors had taught. When I was a student at St.Thomas College in Trichur for the intermediate course during 1955 57. Fr. Mampilly was the head of the Department of English. Vengusamy, N.K. Seshan, C.J.Andrews were lecturers and N.D. George, Edmund Peters and others were tutors. George Menachery, two years older than I am, was studying in Trichinopoly. He came to teach at St.Thomas College after I had left Trichur. Only after I became a Metropolitan in Baghdad in September 1968 and took charge in Trichur, I got acquainted with George Menachery. Our common interest in the field of Church History brought us closer instantly. He came to the United Theological College, Bangalore when I was writing my dissertation for the Doctor of Theology degree of the Senate of Serampore College. He requested me to write a chapter on my Church of the East in India, locally known as Chaldean Syrian Church. I was not an author. But the summary of my Master of Theology thesis had been published in Bangalore Theological Forum in 1967 and that had attracted the attention of the church historians in India and abroad. Recently I was delighted to note a Prof. Samuel H.Moffett in his monumental volume History of Christianity in Asia, Volume I Beginnings to 1500, Theological Publications of India; Bangalore 2006 (Published in America in 1996) had
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included my article in his Bibliography. I am surprised by the stamina and dedication with which George Menachery pursued his career as a Church historian. His interest in speaking and writing on various aspects of the Church past and present made him an ideal for many young aspiring writers and scholars. The fact that a team of scholars are enthusiastically arranging to celebrate the occasion of his 70th birthday in a memorable way, is an example for youngsters. The conferring of the rare title of the Chevalier on George Menachery was a happy surprise to some of his friends. But to me it was a title well deserved by Professor George Menachery. It was an honour long overdue. I myself had often said publicly that Prof. George Menachery should be made a Chevalier. When I was a student at St. Thomas College, a very short fellow Prof. Joseph Pettah was a Chevalier. Another Church historian.V.C.George, a headmaster in Kuruvilangad (Grand father of Dr.V A. Joseph, Chairman of South Indian Bank) was a Chevalier known to me and to my senior colleagues. While publishing the St.Thomas Encyclopedia traveling the length and breadth of our country he met the writers personally. He visited the sites of the ancient churches. He has a collection of photographs enough to write several doctoral dissertations. He must have had a lot of extra energy to publish the St.Thomas Encyclopedia, Thomapaedia etc. He created websites before many churches or theological colleges attempted to do. People around the globe knew him through his websites and personal contacts. His work was not a leisurely work. It was hard work. He had to take leave from his College teaching to live in Madras to correct the proof sheets for his Encyclopedia. To find money was another difficult task. There is no guarantee that he will get back the borrowed money after all these books are sold. He made available many of his books in all the seminars, National or international and sold them in order to recover the money he spent for printing these books. There were no publishing houses behind him. There were no rich people to advance money to him to publish his books. Many in the writing and publishing field realize the difficulty of getting back the money one advances for printing a book. I mention it because there is a wrong notion that by writing books one can become rich quickly. Prof. George Menachery is now the Vice - President of the Church History Association of India known as CHAI, (There is a second organization by the name CHAI, viz . The Catholic Hospital Association of India). Most of the members of the Church History Association of India are clergymen, Professors of Church History in Catholic, Orthodox or
17

Protestant seminaries. As a Vice President he is doing much for that organization more than what I had done when I was President of CHAI for two terms (1976 to 79 and 1979 to 1982). In 1979 when I was re-elected the President in the conference at Calcutta, George Menachery was with me along with his brother James Menachery, an engineer by profession. That was the time we went to see the institutions of Mother Teresa. Since the Nobel Prize for Peace was announced for Mother Teresa, there was a large queue of people to visit the Mother. So we returned without seeing the Mother. Of course I got an opportunity to see her when she visited Trichur later. Morer than two decades ago when the Church History Association of India held its triennial conference in the Pontifical Seminary in Alwaye, myself and George Menachery were asked to be the organizers. As I was a former President, I could not decline the invitation. Myself and Menachery went to Trivandrum by train and invited the Governor in the Raj Bhavan and reached back Trichur the same day. With the help of Fr.Mathias Mundadan, we were able to get Cardinal Parecattil to preside over the session when the Governor P.Ramachandran inaugurated the conference. An international Seminar on Indian Christianity was held in New York recently. Menachery and myself travelled together and read papers there. Then the second conference was held in Madras in January 2007. In addition to two the of us many scholars were present from Kerala. The reason for such a strong delegation from Kerala was none other than the efforts of George Menachery. Now he is persuading me and many others to participate in the 3rd conference to be held in Jordan, in September 2008. I wonder how many conferences he has attended. How many publications he had his articles in. Can he recall the titles of his own articles? He had written the foreword to one of my books. I doubt very much whether he will be able to tell the number of organizations he is an office bearer of.

18

_njv sPbnwkv ]g-bm-n

A\p-{K-lm-in-pI-
s{]m^-k tPmv ta\m-tcn Xriq sk v tXmakv tImsfPn Fs Aym-]-I\pw kl-{]-h-I-\p-am-bn-cp-p. Iem-eb{]-h-\-pdw Gsd Imcy-fn Atlw {in- n-cp-p. Aamb t\Xr-Xzw, sFbv^ _pv sk, sk v tXmakv Fssk-tm-]o-Unb {]kn-o-IcWw, tZhm-ebIeI, - - - k`m-N-cn-{X-]-T\w XpS-n-b-h-bn At-l-ns Xmev]-cyhpw k^-e-amb {]h-\-fpw mL-\o-b-am-Wv. hntZ-i-]-cy-S-\-hpw, aX-kmw-kvm-cnI thZn-Ifnse \nd-p-\n At-lns km\nyhpw {it-b-am-Wv. k]vX-Xn-bn-se-nb ta\m-tcn kmdn\v P-km-^-eyhpw PohnXhnP-bhpw t\cp-p. kwXr-]vXnbpw kpn-Xnbpw ktmjhpw kam-[m-\hpw {]m-\m-]qw Rm Biw-kn-p-p. sjh-en-b Bbn AwKo-I-cn--s--Xn A`n-\--\-. k]vXXn- b p- a mbn _- s kvac- W n- I bvv k- h n- P - b hpw t\psImp-p. Nn tdma F--dn-b-s-Sp Hq-cns Cu {]nbaIs hnizm-khpw k`-tbm-Sp B`n-ap-Jyhpw aX-kmw-kvmcnI cwK-fnep tkh-\hpw Fm-epw kvacn--s-S-s. A`n-\--\-fpw A\p-{K-lm-in-pI-fpw.

19

Message

Message

am t]m Nnn-e-nn Xma-c-tcn cq]-X-bpsS sa{Xm.

Rm\-dn-bp s{]m^. ta\m-tcn

s{]m^. tPmv ta\m-t-cn-bpsS k]vXXn BtLm-j--tfm-S-\p-_nv {]kn-o-I-cn-p kvacWnIbn-tebvv At-l-hp-am-bp Fs _-ns ASn-m-\-n Nne Imcy- Fgp-Xp-hm-\p Ww hfsc ktm-j-tm-sS-bmWv Rm kzoI-cn-p--Xv. Akm-[m-c-Wamb {]Xn-`-bmWv ta\m-tcn am FXv Cv Ghcpw a\-nemngn Imcy-am-Wv. Rm s{]m^. ta\m-t-cnsb ]cn-Nbs-Xv 1968 emsW-mWv Fs - Hm. hS-hm-Xq skan-\m-cn-bn Rm Aym-]-I-\mbn \nb-an-X-\mb tijw Ahn-sS-bp Aym-]-Isc ImWm-\mbn Atlw hcp-am-bn-cpp. sk v tXmakv Fssk-tm-]o-Unb Fsmcp kz]v\w At-ln-\p-m-bn-cp-p. AXn- Ds-Sp-m-\p teJ-\- At\z-jnmWv Atlw hncp-Xv. tUm-IvStd-n\v Rm A-hXn-n {]_w {]kn-o-I-cn-n-n-m-Xn-cp Ah-k-c-n AXnse Hcp `mKw Fssksm-]o-Un-bm-bn-tebvv Rm \Ip-I-bp-m-bn. ]noSv At-l-hpambn CS-s]--tm {K-c-N-\- am-{X-a, \psS \mnse ]pcm-X\ Iemcq-]tfmSpw kmwkvm-cnI ss]Xr-ItfmSpw Akm-am-\y-amb Xmev]- - cyhpw A`n-am-\-hp-ap hyn-bm-Wv A-t-l-sav t_m[y-s-Sm-\n-S-bmbn. Xriq cq]Xm Nmk-e-dmbn \nb-an-X-\m-b-tm ta\m-tcn amdp-ambn _-s-Sp-Xn\v IqSp-X Ah-kc F\n-p-m-bn. hfsc - kmh-[m-\am-sW-nepw, am-dpsS Bg-ta-dnb m\-Xr-jvWbpw hnhn[ hnm\imJ-I-fn-ep Xmev]-cy-fpw F\n-v A-Spv a\-n-em-m\n-S-bm-bn. B Ime-L--n am-dp-ambn _-s-Sm CS-bmb hnjb--sf-n Aev]w ]cm-ain-p-Xv \-Xm-Wv.

20

1.

sk v tXmakv Fssk-sm-o-Un-b

aqp hmey--fn-embn {]kn-o-I-cn-m m\n-n-cp ]Xn Hcp bPvRw Xs-bm-bn-cp-p. {]kn-o-IcWtm-S\p-_nv hnhn[ {]iv\- - -sf-n N-sN-m\pw, cq]-Xm-y-s t{]mm-l\ns ]nn, - sImp-sImp tkh-\ sNbvXp-sIm-Sp-p-hm\pw Ign-n-p-s-Xv Rm\nv kwXr-]vXn-tbmsS Hmp-p. ]t Av AXns Bcw-`-Zi-bn {]mtbm-Kn-Iambn CXv \S-ptam Fp kwibw Fn apnp- \n-n-cpp. GXm-bmepw cm-as hmey-amWv BZyw {]kn-o-IrX-am-b-X-v. AXp ]pd-p -h--tm am-dpsS ZrV-\n--bhpw {]XnIqekml-N-cy-sf AXn-Po-hn-p-sImv eyw t\Sm-\p Ignhpw F\np t_m[y-s-p. AXp-sImv, ]no-Sp {]kn-o-I-cWw bmYmy- a m- I p- s a Imcy- n F\nv kwi- b - a p- m- b n- . amtmm {InkvXym-\n-Isf-p-dnpw Ah-cpsS ]mc-cy-sf-p-dnpw Cv B[n-Im-cn-I-ambn ]pdwtemI-p--hv ]Tn-m ]nb app hmey--fn-ep {]kn-o-I-c-W-ambn CXv Xo-tm. 2. {InkvXy ayqknbw

\psS Iem-cq-]sf-nbpw Cv A`n-am-\tm-Sp-IqSn \apv ]d- bm Ign-bp-s-n B Adnhv Ghpw kwe-_v[-am-n-sm-Sp--hcpsS ap]-n-bn s{]m^. ta\m-t-cn-bm-sWv ss[cy-ambn ]d-bm Ign- b pw. Fs kw_- n- n- S - t mfw hy- a mbpw B Adnhv ]IpXXv At-lam-Wv. \apv ]ucm-Wn-Iambpmbn-cp-sXmw \in-p-t]mbn Fv Icp-Xn-bn-cp--h-cn Hcm-fmWv Rm. Fs kzw CS-hIssZhm-e-b-n Dm-bn-cp ]pcm-X\inev]- hne-s--XmsW-p kXyw F\np a\-n-em- Ign-p. AXp-t]mse, tIcf-nse hnhn[ `mK--fn-ep ssZhm-e-b- ]eXpw ]pXpn ]Wnb-s-tmgpw ssZhm-ebn-\Ipw ]cn-kcfn-ep-ambn Aaq-ey-in-ev]- - - Cp-ap-v. Ah-bn hfsc {][m-\-s--h-sbmw {K-n Ds-Spn {]kn-o-Icn-m\pw AXp-hgn Ah-bpsS hne hep-Xm-sWv a\-n-em-m\pw CS-hp. Xriq cq]-Xbn Hcp ayqknbw Xs Io{U ssZhm-e-b-tm-S-\p-_-nv Dm-n-sb-Sp-m ta\m-tcn amv Ign-p. AXn-t\mSv Bm-ambn kl-Icn-m F\npw Ah-k-c-ap-m-bn. Fs CS-hIssZhm-e-b-n aZv_lm ]pXp-n-btm D]-tbmKiq\y-am-sWp IcpXn amn-bn-n-cp k{Im-cnbpw apw F{Xtbm hne-s--Xm-sWv Xncn--dn-pv, AXv ayqkn-b-n kqnm CS-h-Xv henb `mKy-am-Wv. Cmcyw ]ecpw a\-n-em-n-btm cq]-X-bpsS hnhn[ CS-h-I-I-fn A-c-n A{i--am-bn-ncp ]e Iem-cq-]-fpw Cu m]-\-n kw`-cnp {]Zin-n-p.

21

AXv Gh-cp-sSbpw A`n-\--\-n\v Imc-W-am-bn. ]noSv, ]pcm-X-\-amb ]me-bq ]n-tb-S-\p-_-nv hfsc hnti-j-amb Hcp ayqknbw Dmn-b-tm {]kvXpX tiJ-c-n-ep-m-bn-cp-h AXn kqn-m Ign-o-p-s-mWv Rm a\-n-em-p--Xv. ]me-bq ]n-tbm-S-\p_-nv Kth-j-W-]-c-ambn \S-nb {]-h-\-pw ]pcm-h-kvXp kwc- n- p ]cn- { i- a - pw tPmv ta\m- t - c n- b psS Bm-amb {ibpw klm-bhpw Dm-bn-p-v. 3. Aevamb t\XrXz ]cn-io-e\m]-\w.

Aevam-bsc hfn-sb-Sp-p--Xn\v Xmev]-cy-sa-Sp Ipsd-t Xriq cq]-X-bn-ep-m-bn-cp-p. s{]m^. ]n.-]n. ]o am, AUz. sI. ]n. tZh-n, sjh-en-b F. F. Hutk^v XpSp-nb {]ap-J-cpsS \ncbn tPmv ta\m-tcn amdpw Dm-bn-cp-p. Cv Fm cq]-X-Ifnepw hnhm-l-n-s\m-cp--amb ]T\f-cn-I bphXobphm-v \n_--am-bn-p-s-nepw, BZy-Im-e--fn A-s\-sbm-pv Dmbn-cp-n-. Xriq cq]-X-bn AXn\p apssI FSp-Xv Cu Aevamb t\XrXztI{-am-Wv. Xncp-k`mNcn-{X-s-p-dnpw ssZh-imkv{Xhnjb--sf-p-dnpw 2mw hn-m kq\-l-tZmkv tcJ-I-sf-p-dnpw Im\ \nb- a s kw_- npw Hpw cpw hj- \op\np tImgvkp-I Cu t\Xr-k-an-Xn-bpsS tat\m--n \S-phm Ign-n-p--Xp-sImv {]kvXpX hnj-b--fn hnZ-KvZ-cmb Aevambt\Xm- hfp-h-cn-I-bp-m-bn. {]kvXpX {]h-\-fn hfsc hen-sbmcp ]v ta\m-tcn ampv D-m-bn-cp-p FXv B {]m-\-ns Hcp Ime-L--nse Bym-nI]nXm-sh \nebvv F\np A`n-am-\-tmsS ]d-bm Ign-bpw. 4. tImsf-P-ym-]-I ta\m-tcn am-dp-ambn F\nv _-s-Sm-\n-Sbmb thsdmcp taJe sk v tXmakv tImsf-Pn-t\m-S-\p-_-n-m-Wv. ]p sIm-tmfw sk v tXmakv tImsf-Pns amt\-P-cmbn tkh\w A\p-jvTn-m Ahkcw Innb F\nv Cwojv Unmp-sanse s{]m^-k-dm-bn-cp tPmv ta\m-t-cn-bp-ambn ASp-v C-S-]-g-Ip--Xn-\v A-h-k-c-ap-m-bnp-v. \sm-c-ym-]-I-\mbn Atlw Adn-b-s-n-cp-p. hnZymYnIfp-ambn CS-]gIp coXn mL-\o-bam-Wv. kplr-p-tfm-sS-t]mse - Ah-tcmSv CS-s]-g-Im-\p At-l-ns Ignhv Xs AKm-[-amb ]mn-Xys Ffp-n a\-n-em-m D]-Icn-p-am-bn-cp-p. kl{]-h-I-tcmSv lrZy-ambn s]cp-am-dp-hm Ign-bp--Xp-sImv Pohn-Xns hnhn[ Xpd-I-fn-ep--h-cpsS Hcp henb kplrXvhebw At-ln-\v Bn-m Ign-n-p-v.
22

Cv s{]m^. ta\m-tcn Cy-bv-Ipw ]pdpw Adn-b-s-Sp Hcp hyn-bmbn hfpIgn-p. Atlw tIc-f-P-\-Xbvpw, {]tXyInv ss{IkvXh k`bvpw sNbvXo-p tkh\w \no-a-am-Wv. Im\m-p auv sk v tXmakv kotdm ae-_m k`-bpsS Imcym-ebw Ncn- { X- ] - c - a mb Kth- j - W - pw aqey- k w- c - - W - n- \ pw - t hn sNp tkh-\--fpsS ]nn s{]m^. ta\m-t-cn-bpsS kzm[o-\hpw ]cn-{i-ahpw hy-am-bo-p-v. enPn- dnkv sk-dns\ \bn-p kan-Xn-bnse Hcw-K-am-bn-cp Imev, Ahn-sSbpw s{]m^. ta\m-t-cnbpsS {]h-\--fp-ambn kl-I-cn-m F\np CS-h-n-p-v. Cv AhnsS {]i-kvX-amb Hcp ayqknbw Fm-h-cp-sSbpw {i ]nSn-p-]-n-bnp-v. AXns kwhn[m-\-nepw \S-n-nepw hfsc Imcy-amb klmbkl-I-c-W- sNbvXp-sIm-Sp-p-hm s{]m^-k-dn\v Ign-np-v. Fgp-]Xp hjw ]qn-bm-p s{]m^. ta\m-tcn Cpw \ Npdp-Np-dp-p {]h-I\m-bnpXs-bmWv aptmp t]mIp-Xv. Hqcnse {]i-kvX-amb ta\m-tcn IpSpw-_-n\nv [mcmfw ssZh-hn-fnI sshZn-I-\n-c-bnepw k\y-kvX-cpsS \nc-bnepw Dm-bn-p-v. {]K-cmb Ah-sc-sbmw IS-n-sh-p Hcp Ncn{X]pcp-j-\mbn s{]m^-k ta\m-tcn amdn-gn-p. C\nbpw hf-sc-tbsd Imcy- At-l-n\v -sNm Ignbpw Fp--Xn-s\-n bmsXmcp kwi-b-hp-an-. AXn-\pth ssZhm-\p-{K-lhpw Btcm-Kyhpw [mcm-f-ambn e`n-p-hm Rm {]mn-p-p. k]vXXn-bpsS Biw-kI lrZ-bw-Kaambn Rm t\cp- p. ssZhw At-l-sbpw IpSpw-_mw-K--sfbpw k]vX-Xn- BtLmj-v t\XrXzw \Ip--h-scbpw kar--ambn A\p-{K-ln--s.

23

Message

am tPmk^v ]m- \oe-m-hn kn.-Fw.-sF.

Rm I ta\m-tcn
s{]m^. tPmv ta\m-t-cnsb BZy-ambn F\nv ]cn-N-b-s-Sp-nbXv At-l-ns hnZymn acn-p-t]mb ^m. tPmkv htm-en-bm-Wv. Xriq sk v tXmakv tImsf-Pn Aym-]I\m-bn-cpp tPmv ta\m- t-cn. AXoh BZ-c-thmSpw A`n-am-\-tm-Spw -Iq-Sn-bmWv _. htm-en-b At-l-ns Cwojv Aym-]-I-s\-n ]d--ncpXv. `mjm-]-cn-m-\-n-\p- ]p-dsa At-l-ns ]pXnb Imsh-ns\--nbpw FtmSp ]d-bp-I-bp-m-bn. kotdm ae-_m k`-sb-n s{]m^. tPmn-\p Adnhp AKm-[-am-Wv. Atlw Av Bcw-`n Fssk-tm-]o-Un-b-bn Rm Hcp teJ\w Fgp-Xnbn-p-v. tdmanse Fs D]-cn-]-T\w Ignv Rm Ah-X-cn-n Xokn-kns Npcp--ambn-cpp teJ-\w. Fssk-tm-]o-Un-bbpsS Ah-X-c-W-n\pw {]Imi-\-n\pw Rm Gsd t{]mm-l\w \Ip-I-bp-m-bn. XpSv kotdm ae-_m FIvkn-_n-j kwL-Sn-n--tm AXp s{]m^. tPmv ta\m-t-cn-bpsS cm-as Imsh-m-bn-cp-p. CXn-\Iw \nc-h[n ]pXnb {]m-\- Atlw k`-bvmbn km-\n-n-p-v. `mc- X - nse hnhn[ ss{Ikv X h hn`mK- sf Hnv Iv {]hn FIyp-sa-\n- {]m-\ns kl-bm-{Xn-I\mWv s{]m^. ta\m-t-cn. XnI k`m-kvt\-lnbpw k`m-N-cn-{X-Imc\pamWv Atlw. AXy-zm-\-ns DS-a-bmbn CXn-\Iw k`bvpw kaq-l-n\pw Atlw ImgvNsh-n-p kw`m-h\I F-ahb-s{X. C{Xbpw kw`m- - h-\-I \In-bn-p asm-cm Csp ]d-bmw. s{]m^. ta\m-t-cnbpsS kw`m-h\IfpsS khn-ti-jX Ah \m-\m-ap-Jam-sW-Xm-Wv. Kth- - j-Ww, Ncn-{Xw, inev]-imkv{Xw sF.Sn XpSn Atlw {]th-in-m
24

taJ-eIfn-. Htc Hcp hyn Hcp m]-\-ambn hfp-bXmWv s{]m^. ta\m-t-cn. aX-]-chpw Ncn-{X-]-chpw Bb anI-hp Fm kwLS-\-I-fnepw {]m-\--fnepw s{]m^. ta\m-t-cnv kPoh]p-v. CsXm-s-bm-sW-nepw hfsc efn-XamWv At-lns Pohn-Xssien. Fm-hscbpw kzmK-Xw-sN-p km[m-cWm-c. Ghpw kwe- `y. Xs Adnhv ap--hv ]p-sh-bvm kZm k-. cmjv{So-bns AXn-{]-kcw Xom kmm {InkvXym-\n. s{]m^. tPmv ta\m-t-cnv k]vX-Xn-bpsS Biw-k-I t\cp-p.

25

A LIFE OF DEDICATION
Fr. Albert Nambiaparmbil CMI

FOR A NOBLE CAUSE

It was great that I met Prof. George Menachery in lifes paths. The waves set in motion by the 2nd Vatican Council were producing ripples here in India. Regional Seminars were being planned and organized in different regions. I was a participant in the Kerala and the Karnataka meets. My main interest was the new ministry of Interfaith Dialogue. A Unifying Link: An Inter-Ritual issue was heating up in India those days, gathering momentum as we converged in Bangalore. On one side was the voice of unity and uniformity seeking more unity in India within the churches, opposing the other side demanding that there be freedom to expand the ecclesial jurisdiction of the Oriental Rites to the whole of India. Multiple jurisdictions were seen by one side as a dividing factor in the country while the other side considered this as essential to the growth of the ecclesial communities. A motion was before the board that managed the affairs of the Church in India seminar of 1969 being held in Dharmaram College, Bangalore to the effect that there be only one rite in a place, i.e. that there be one jurisdiction. I recall the efforts made by Mr. George Menachery to gather enough signatures from among the participants to bring in a motion demanding the expansion of the jurisdiction of the Oriental Churches to the entire nation. It was great that his, our, efforts succeeded. Both the motions were discussed in the meet. There was much tension among the participants. A reconciliation formula was brought in; the other two motions were withdrawn. The reconciliation formula was moved and accepted. Let me not go into the details. I admire the courage of a young George Menachery who stood firmly his ground amidst strong opposition.

26

A Pioneer With a Vision: I recall Mr. Menachery moving around with his vision for an Encyclopedia of Thomas Christians. I am not a historian. My interest, if any, was that of cultural integration, that of Interfaith Dialogue, philosophers meet. Because of his friendly pressure, I recall putting down a few pages for his great work. He masterminded that great work, A Gift to this Church. It is a matter of joy and pride for me that I could on many occasions point to this work of Menachery, the Encyclopedia as something precious for us all. Quests for Own Roots:I recall reading the book: Future Shock the shock affecting humans caught in the terrible speed and advance of new discoveries, technologies. Globalization is another word affecting the moods and values of modern humanity. Our traditional values and cultural heritages too are affected by this flow, speed and osmosis. Adaptation, inculturation and confluence of cultures are all terms very much in use in the common parlance. One of the hidden dangers or temptations of the modern age is that of losing ones own cultural, spiritual, roots and identities. I remember Mr. Menachery going around collecting, preserving the precious symbols, candle-sticks, oil-lamps, stones of the Syro-Malabar heritage from different churches and spots. He organized exhibitions of these reminding members of his own community and the outsiders not to forget the past. Rather his attempts gave a new boost to the self-esteem of the community. Here is some one who raised warning signals against certain hidden dangers of the fast changing society. There is this danger in our fast changing societies, that of loosing ones own self-identity. The Syro-Malabar Community had gone through a process of Latinization in the past. This community had the difficult and delicate task of returning to and regaining the identity while going through the process of inculturisation that was the call of the day, of the post 2nd Vatican Council period. In Mr. George Menachery this Church, that traces her origin to the Apostle St. Thomas, found an eloquent leader for this genuine cause of returning to the roots. While remaining a defender of our cultural roots, Menachery was open to the changes affecting us all, to authentic openness. Recently, as I met him in Dharmaram, he was doing his theological research, making the best use of his time and energy, now that he has retired from his teaching career. In this friend and fellow pilgrim I have met a genuine, authentic, charismatic leader of his own community the Syro-Malabar Church.

27

^m. sUmao-jy amWn--m

Po-X-I-fn Ncn-{X-ns XpSn-p -I kz]v\-a-\p-jy

shSn s]m-nv XI Icn--jvWfpw Nofp-Ifpw \nd Icna-S. km[m-c-W-m-c\v A{Xtb tXmn-bp-p. Fm AXnse IS-p-t]mb sIn-S-\nmW hnZKv Ah-sImv \nn-m-hp kpcku[fpsS km[y-Xsb-n hne-bn-cp-n. ]nm-se- h inev]nbm-Is, B Ip-I-fn-en-cpp ]pn-cn-p amem-J-am-sc-bpw, Zp:Jmbmb tacn-am-Xm-hn-t\bpw kz]v\w- I-p. Fsp hninjvS inev]-fmWv Ch-bn\nv Xos-Sp-m-hp--sXv Abm IW-p-Iq-n. Cu aqm-as KW-n s]--bm-fmWv Fs kplr-mb {io. tPmv ta\m-t-cn. tIc-f-nse ]pcm-X\ ssZhm-e-b--f-nepw B{ia--fnepw Xd-hm-Sp-I-fnepw Dt]-n--s \ne-bn, Pomh--bn InS-p Htsd hkvXp- At-l-n IuXp-I-ap-Wn. Xncp-hkv{X-, ]qPm-km-a-{Kn-I, \ntXym-]-tbmKhkvXp- XpS-n-b-hsbmw CXn s]Spw. D]-tbm-K-iq-\y-amb ]mgvhkvXp--fmbn km[m-cW-m-c Chsb hne-bn-cp-n-b-tm {io. tPmv Ah-bn IXv tIc-f-n-sbpw tIc-f-k-`-bp-sSbpw \{km-Wn--\n-a-bp-sSbpw aqcq-]--fm-Wv. Hcp \mSns apgp-h kwkvm-chpw ]mc--cy-fpw A\p`-h-fpw Ah-bn Hfn-n-cn-p--Xmbn Atlw Ip. Ch-sbmw Is-p-Ibpw kwc-n-p-Ibpw P\-{i--bn sImp-h-cn-Ibpw sNpI hen-sbmcp kap-Zmbtkh-\-am-sWpw Atlw hne-bn-cp-n. At-l-n\v AsXmcp ssZhoI \ntbm-K-am-bn-cp-p. hj-p- ap-v, sk v tXmakv {InkvXy Fssk-tm-]oUnb Hm^v CybpsS \nm-W-tm-S-\p-_-nv \S-nb Hcp ]pcmhkvXp {]Zi-\-n icm-i-cn-m-c-\mb Hcp _pn-Pohn A`n-{]m-bs-Xv Hmpp: shdpw ]mgvthe. Cu Po-hkvXp-sfmw s]mSnX-n-sb-Sp-nv Fp t\Sm? a\p-jy\v D]-Im-c-ap hXpw sN28

cptXm? AtX, km[m-c-W-m-c\v CsXms ]mgvthe-bm-Wv. Fm CsXms ssZh-\n-tbm-K-ambn hne-bn-cp-nb {io. tPmv A[zm\w XpSp. hnkva-cn--sp t]mtb-m-hp ]eXpw Ncn-{X-m-fp-I-fn CSw -t\-Sn. kztZ-io-bcpw hntZ-in-bcpw Ah Iv Ap-X-s-p. tIcf \{km-Wn-Iv Hcp kzXz-ap-spw AXp Itm-en k`-tbmfwXs ]pcm-X-\hpw hnip-hpw X\n-a-bm-Xp-am-sWpw {]tLm-jn--s-p. kam-Ij-I-amb hynXzw Xm \S-p-Xv Hcp H-bm ]cn-]m-Sn-bm-sW Xncn--dnhv {io. tPmn\v Fp-ap-m-bn-cp-p. kl-I-cn-t--hcpw klm-bn-m IS-s--hcpw XpW-bvn-s t_m[yhpw At-l-n-\p-m-bn-cp-p. CXns Incp-In-cpv Dw Ie-p-tmgpw Bscbpw ]gn-mt\m, ]cn-[nhnv hnain-mt\m Atlw Xp\n-n-n-. ImgvN-m-Sp-I-fnse hyXykvXXbmbn Ah hne-bn-cp-mam{Xw hf hyn-Xz-am-bn-cpp At- l-n-t-Xv. am{X-a-, ]nIm-efn kam\Nnm-K-Xn-msc Xntebvv ASp-n-m\pw At-l-n\p Ign-p. sNdn-sbmcp t\-a-nXv. {kjvSm-hn Xr-fn-tmmw PK-n-Xn \ph-fpI \ \ F BZiw Pohn-X-n-eqsS kmm-Xv-cn {io. tPmv ta\mt-cnv k]vX-Xn-bm-iw-k-I!

Hcphbn

cphbn ktlmZcn Cks_tbmsSmw

29

km[p Cn-b-hn-cm

A\-\yhpw hfsc hne-s--Xp-amb tkh\w

{]K--\mb s{]m^-kdpw _lp-apJ{]Xn-`-bpw, InS-b Ncn{X]nX\pw Kth- j - I - \ pw, {]ikv X hmn- b pw, hn\- b m- \ zn- X - \ mb kaqZmbkvt\ln-bpw, A\p-{K-lo-X-\mb {K-Im-c-\pw, ktm-]cn kvt\lk-\pw Bb s{]m^-k tPmv ta\m-t-cnv k]vXXnawK-f {]m-\m-]qw t\cp-p. Cu Fgp-]Xp hj-m-ev hf-sc-b-[nIw \ Imcy- sNm ssZhw At-l-n-\n-S-bm-n. At-l-tmSpw At-l-ns kplrp--tfmSpw tNv Rm\pw ssZh-n\p \n- ]-d-bp-p. Bbp-cm-tcmKy-fpw asm A\p-{K-l-fpw kz--\mb ]nXmhv At-l-n\p \Is Fv Rm {]mn-p-p. s{]m^-k tPmv ta\m-t-cnsbn tInpw hmbn-npw Dm-bncp-s-nepw, At-ls IqSp-X ASp--dn-bm F\np km[n--Xv, Bep-hm-bn hp \S tIcf doPyW skan-\m-dnepw (1968), _mwqcn hp \S B Cy Im-enIv skan-\m-dnepw (1969) hm-Wv. Cu skan-\m-dp-I-fnse At-l-ns {]kw-K--fpw ImgvN-m-Sp-Ifpw (interventions) hfsc {it-b-am-bn-cp-p. henb Ncn-{Xhpw ]mc--cy-hp-ap--h-cmWv \, tIc-f-nse ss{IkvX-h. FnpSn Xosc Ncn-{X-t_m-[-an-m--h-cmWv \. ]mm-Xysc At]-nv Ncn{Xw FgpXn kqn-p--Xpw, Ncn-{X-kvamc-I- kwc-n-p-Xpw Bb coXn \apv Xosc Cs-p- thWw ]d-bm. X-fpsS P\-\-o-bXn Xsbpw \ \n-b-an-m ]escbpw Rm In-p-v. cmp-fn-s-cp-m-fns Xte-mWv Rm Dmb-Xv, 99 se sh-sm--n\p Hcp amkw apmWv A Fs {]khn--Xv, Fsms Bfp-I ]d-bp-Xv Rm tIn-p-v.
30

Ncn{Xw Adn-bm-, Ncn{Xw FgpXn kqn-m Hcp kaqlw thcnm--XmWv Fp- thWw ]d-bm. \psS \mnse Atk-jy \mbvv, kacpw Icp-cpw BsW-nq-Sn, {^mknse Akm-kn-emWv X-fpsS thcv F-dn-p-Iq-Sm. Ncn{Xw Adn-bmn-Sv \ Ah-bpsS eh-en-tebvp Xmgp-I-bm-Wv. Cse s]bvX agbvv Cp Ipcp XI-c-I-sf-tmseb \. al-mb ]mc--cyhpw Ncn-{Xhpw Rp-v. Fv \psS P\sf t_m[y-s-Sp-m-\pw, Bm-`n-am-\hpw ZoL-ho-Whpap Hcp kaq-l-ambn hf-cm-\pw, s{]m^-k tPmv ta\m-t-cn-bpsS {]h\w, \sf hfsc klm-bn-n-p-v. B \nebvv At-l-ns tkh\ A\-\yhpw hfsc hne-s--hbp-am-Wv.

t]mtbpw A\pP tXmantbpsamw

Atbpw sImmbnbptSbpw A\pPtbpw IqsS

31

sP. shn-bm

Xe-sb-Sp-p Kth-j-I

1969 _mwq-cn hp \S B Cym skan-\m-dn ]s-Spm tIc-f-n\np At\Iw sshZn-Icpw GXm\pw kntgvkpw Npcpw Nne Bt-\n-I-fp-ap-m-bn-cp-p. AhnsS hnh-c-ap Hcp sNdp--m-c kotdm ae-_m k`-sbbpw k`-bpsS Ah-Im-i--sf-bpw]n ktlw IqSmsX i-ambn kwkm-cn-p--Xp- I-p. Atlambn-cpp Xriq\np tImsfPv s{]m^-k-dmb tPmv ta\m-t-cn. Rm At-ls BZy-ambn IXp Ahn-sS-h-m-Wv. tPmns Adn-hnepw kmay-nepw IuXpIw tXmn R ]e -a-Wn-q-dpI N-bn Gs-p. B skan-\m-dn kotdm ae-_m k`sb {]Xn-\n-[n-I-cnv `mc-X-n-se-mSpw kzw B`n-ap-Jy-n kphntijthe sNm-\p Ah-Imiw k`-bvp-th-Ww Fv Bh-iy-sp-sImv Hcp {]tabw tPmv Ah-X-cn-n-Xv Cy-bnse hnhn[ cq]X-I-fn\np skan-\m-dn ]s-Sp--hcpsS {i ]nSn-p-]-n. Fs kw_-n-n-S-tmfw Av k`mkvt\ln-bmb Hcp kplr-ns\ e`np-sh kwXr]vXn Dm-bn. ]noSv kpdn-bm\n k`, k`m-kw-kvm-cw, hmkvXp-in-ev]w, ss{IkvXh Ie-I XpS-nb hnj-b- {]Xn-]m-Zn ]e skan-\m-dp-I-fnepw tIm{^kp-Ifnepw tIc-fn-\Ipw ]pdpw hntZ-ifnepw Hcp- anp kw_-n-m Rp km[np. AsXms kulrZw Dunbp- d - n- m- \ p Ah- k - c - - f m- b n- c p- p. kotdm ae- _ m enPn tIm{^knepw kn\-Uns Io-j\p-Ifnepw Hnp {]hn-m Rp Ah-kcw Inn-bXp Hcp `mKy-ambn Rm Icp-Xp-p. ]T-\-fnepw Kth-j-W--fnepw \h-amb ho-Whpw kz-amb \nt-ifpw \Im tPmn\p km[n-n-p-v. sk v tXmakv Fssk-tm-]o-Un-b-bpsS cmw hmeyw {]kn-oI-cn Ah-kcn, Rm kam-lcnp {]kn-o-Icn Z ae-_m Nv - 32

F {Kw hne-aXn-p-Ibpw AXn\npw GXm\pw teJ-\ Atl-ns B {K-n Ds-Sp-p-Ibpw sNbvXXv F\np A`n-am\-Zm-b-I-am-bn-cp-p. \yqtbmnepw sNss-bnepw ]pcm-X\ Cy k`-sb-n \S-nb cp tIm{^kp-I (International Conference on the History of Early Christianity in India) Gsd sshZ-KvZy-tmsS s]mXp-hn Bkq{XWwsNm\pw Ah-Xcn-n-m\pw AXp-hgn kn-fn-XcpsS {]iwk t\Snsb-Sp-m\pw s{]m^. tPmn\p km[n-p-sh-Xp A`n-am-\-tmsS Rm Hmp-I-bm-Wv. k]vXXn-bpsS \nd-hn \np s{]m^-k tPmv tIc-fnse ss{IkvXh hmkvXp-in-ev]-ns Ipe-]-Xn-bm-Wv. Iem-ku-Ip-am-cyns DS-a-bm-bn, kulr-Z-ns ioX-f-Om-b-bm-bn, t{]mm-l-\ns hS-hr--am-bn, XovW-a-Xn-bmb k`m-kvt\-ln-bmbn, k`m-K-thj-Wcw-Ks Bm-Xbp kXoy-\m-bn, {Inbm-INn-bpsS Bcq-]ambn Bbp-cm-tcm-Ky-tmsS Atlw hncm-Pn-s Fp Biwkn-p-p. At-lns {]nb-Xabvpw apw t]c-n-Sm-pw A`n-\--\-.

ktlmZcnamcmb tdmkm, Cks_, ktlmZc tXmakv FnhcpsS IqsS

A\pw Abpw

33

tUm. ]qt-gv cma-N-{

hniz-lnp ]cn-j-ns ap AtZ-iob D]m-y-

tPmv ta\m-t-cn F kplrv

tPmv ta\m-tcn Fs hf-sc-tbsd kzm[o-\n Hcp hyn-bmWv. Hcp hjw At-l-ns IqsS ]Tnp FXv Hc-\p-`-h-ambn Rm Icp-Xp-p. At-l-ns ]e KpW-fpw Zqsc-\np t\mn Rm cl-kyambn A`n-\-n-m-dp-v. AXn Hv Bscbpw Atlw \nm-c-ambn Icp-Xp-I-b F-XmWv. Nne-tm Hcp Iqw Bfp-I At-ls hf-p-\nv kwkm-cn-p-Xv Rm In-p-v. AXn Hcm Hcp \nm-c-\m-bn-cn-mw. ta\m-t-cn-bpsS ZrjvSn-I Abm-fpsS ta ]Xnbpw. Abm-tfmSv cp- hmp ]d-bm Atlw Hcn-epw ad-p-I-bn-. thsdmcp hntijw, Atlw Xm henb Xnc-n-emWv Fv BtcmSpw ]d-bp-I-bn F-Xm-Wv. Nne-tm henb Xnc-n-em-bn-cnpw. Xnc-n-emtWm, F\nv Hcp Imcyw ]d-bm-\p-m-bn-cp-p Fv Bsc-nepw At-l-tmSv ]d-m Atlw km[m-c-W-bmbn adp]Sn ]d-bpI C-s\-bm-hpw. F\n-sp Xnc-v, \msf cmhn-se-s hm. \apv kwkm-cn-mw. Rm henb Xnc-n-emWv \msf cmhnse am{Xta F\nv Hgn-hp-p. Fv Hcn-epw Atlw ]d-bn-. kvt\l-amb s]cp-am-w, Fm-h-cp-sSbpw hnizmkw t\SnsbSp-m\p Ign-hv, Adn-bm-\p B{Klw CsXms At-l-ns IqsSndm-Wv. Cwo-jv, ae-bmfw Fo `mj-I \mbn ssIImcywsNm-\dn-bmw. Fgp-]-Xp-I-fn amXr-`qan BgvN--Xn-n h At-l-ns kNn{X teJ\]c-c kaq-Zm-b-n At-l-n\v t\Sn-sm-Sp-Xv _lq-am-\y-amb m\-am-Wv. kwkvIr-Xhpw emn\pw At-l-n\-dnbmw. Xp-im-kv{Xw, ssZh-im-kv{Xw, kmln-Xyw, Nn{X-I-e, Ncn{Xw Fns\ hnhn[ taJ-e-I-fn-ep At-l-ns hnPvRm\w A]m-c-amWv. IZmb hnhmZImevv Hq-cnse ]n-bn Hcn- ta\m-t-cn34

bpsS IqsS Ipm-\-bn Rm ]p-sIm-p. ]ptcm-ln-X P\-sf t\mn Bcm-[\ \S--Wtam thtbm Fp-Xv B hnhm-Z-ns Hcp `mK-am-bn-cp-p. Hq-cnse Bcm-[-\m-coXn Rm a\-n-em-m {ianp. AXn-\p-tijw ta\m-tcn ]n-bnse ac--Wn-I-sf--nbpw sImpth-e-Isf ]n-bp-sams ]d-p-X-p. {InkvXp-a-X-nse BNm-c--sf--nbpw {InkvXym-\n-I-fpsS Ncn-{Xs--n-bp-sams hf-sc-tbsd Rm At-l-n\npw a\-n-emp-Ibp-m-bn. {InkvXy Fssk-tm-]o-Unb Atlw Xm-dm-p ka-bv ]e ]n-Ifnepw skan-\m-cn-Ifn-ep-sams Rm At-ltmsSmw t]mbn-p-v. Cu ka-b-fnsems Rm B. Fkv. Fns Hcp kPoh {]h-I-\m-bn-cpp F-XmWv khn-ti-j-X. tIc-f-nse {InkvXym\n-I-sf-n hniz-lnp ]co-j-ns AJn-teym t\Xr-Xz-n-ep A[n-Im-cn-IfpsS ]e sXn-m-cWI amm\pw F\n-n-Xp-sIm-sms - km[n-n-p-v. Hq-cnse Ipm-\-bn ]s-Sp ka-bv Rm hnizlnp ]co-jn-ns AtZ-iob D]m-y--\m-bn-cp-p. kwkm-cnq sXn-m-c-W-I amdpw Fv Hcp samss_ I\n AXns ]c-ky-n ]d-bp-p. ]c-ky- \apv Xcp kt-i ]e-tmgpw henb XXzNn-I-fm-Wv. amm--bpsS A\p-{K-l-m sjh-en-b ]Z-hn-bn-se-nb ta\mtcn Fs Iqp-Im-c-\m-sWv ]d-bm F\nv s]cp--`n-am-\-ap-v.

Hq ]n kvIq {Kuv

A sImutkv

35

Fr. Selvister Ponnumuthan

Prof. George Menachery : A Lay Person Par Excellence

It is heartening to know that Prof. George Menachery is going to be honoured by well-wishers with a fitting memento by publishing a souvenir on his Sapthathi, the seventieth birthday. Although I knew Prof. George Menachery through his monumental works in Christian literature and as the brother of Rev. Dr. E.J. Thomas, former principal of Loyola College, I began to have a personal contact with him only from 2002. It was in connection with the Jubilee Celebrations of the 1950th year of the coming of St. Thomas, the Apostle, in India and the 450th death anniversary of St. Francis Xavier. As part of the Jubilee celebrations the Kerala Catholic Bishops Council had put up a Documentary Committee which entrusted the task of publishing a fitting souvenir to me as the Chief-Editor and His Excellency Mar Bernabas Jacob (Chacko Aerath OIC) and Prof. George Menachery as co-editors representing the three individual Churches in Kerala. I am glad to say that Christian Contribution to Nation Building: A third Millennium Enquiry (440 pages) was the outcome of our teamwork. Prof. George Menachery not only contributed an article on Christian Influence in Art and Architecture of India but read with us all the pages of the work. Those who are involved in publication would agree that editing a book is more difficult than writing one. If the book contains articles of disputed stances it becomes an even more difficult task. All the more so when such articles have been written by reputed scholars. In fact we had to do some editing work. I would say that we, as a team, could edit the work without any difficulty. Although in age, experience, and scholarship Prof. George Menachery was much ahead of other editors he collaborated sincerely and vigorously towards the completion of the work. He was very prompt in meetings and open in the discussions and ready to take up any responsibility. Any collaboration demands lot of sacrifice. Sacrifice 36

is an expression of love. Along with the collaboration what impressed me was his real love for the Church. His love for the Church really resonates with the response to the vocation of a lay faithful. I used to feel that Prof. George Menachery had effectively over come the two temptations of a lay person described by John Paul II. According to the Pope the first temptation of lay persons is to be so strongly interested in the Church services and tasks that they fail to become actively engaged in their responsibilities in the professional, social, cultural, and political worlds. The second temptation is of legitimizing the unwarranted separation of faith from life, that is, a separation of the Gospels acceptance from the actual living of the Gospel in various situations in the world (John Paul II, Chrsitifideles Laici, 1988, n.2). The Pope also admonishes that lay people should not relinquish their participation in public life especially in the economic, social, legislative, administrative and cultural areas for they are intended to promote organically and institutionally the common good (CL, 42). The curriculum vitae of Prof. George Menachery show that he has proved his caliber in various areas of public life. Along with participation in various administrative and social bodies he has to his credit a large number of publications, research papers, articles, radio talks and TV programmes. All his visits to 22 countries of the four continents enlarged his image in public life because every journey has contributed something to deepen his knowledge which in turn became a contribution to the church and society. Among all his contributions to the Church and to society what attracts one the most is his contributions in the field of culture. All of his publications and activities have a culture touch. Since the development of culture is often dissociated not only from Christian faith but also from human values (CL.44) the contributions of Prof. Menachery are very significant. In fact he has been responding to the invitation of John Paul II who said: the church calls upon the lay faithful to be present, as signs of courage and intellectual creativity, in the privileged places of culture, that is, the world of education-school and university-in places of scientific and technological research, the areas of artistic creativity and work in the humanities. Such a presence is destined not only for the recognition and possible purification of the elements that critically burden existing culture, but also for the elevation of these cultures through the riches which have their sources in the Gospel and the Christian faith (CL 44). In fact the writings of Prof. George Menachery are an invitation to go to the sources, the Gospel and Christian Tradition. And I am sure that his name and his contributions will be remembered not only by the Christians beyond the Asian continent but also by the secular world. I pray that the Almighty bless him abundantly.

37

^m. tPmkv Xn

s{]m^. tPmv ta\m-t-cnsb Hmp-tm

Ac \q-m-p-Imew k`-sbbpw kwkvm-csbpw kmln-Xy-sbpw \nkzm-ambn kvt\ln-p-Ibpw tkhn-p-Ibpw sNbvX s{]m^. tPmv ta\m-t-cn-bpsS k]vX-Xn-tbm-S-\p-_-nv Hcp kvac-WnI XnIpw Ah-ktcm-NnXw Xs. CXn-\mbn apn-n-dnb k]vXXn kanXnsb F{X A`n-\-n-mepw A[n-I-am-In-. CSn-p- I-bdn cwKw Iog-S-p Hcp kz`m-h-m-c-\m-bn-cp-ntm At-lw. {ipXn-am-[p-cn-sImv tIhn-msc hnkva-bn-n-p-tmgpw adp-\np Ipbn-ens {]IrXn Bbn-cpp At-ln-t-Xv. \n_n-m am{Xta Atlw cwKv {]Xy--s-Sm-dp-q. GXmv aqp Zi-Ip- apv A`n-hy-\mb In-\m tPmk^v ]mtd-m-n Xncp-ta\n s{]m^. tPmv ta\m-t-cn-bpsS AW at\m`m-h-s-p-dnpw IrXn-I-sf-p-dnpw apw hfsc {]iw-knv ]d-bp-Xv tIm CS-h-n-p-v. Ccp-hcpw `mc-X-ns Bm-hns\ Ism \nc-cw ]cn-{i-an-p-Ibpw hen-sbm-cfhn hnPbw hcn-p-Ibpw - sNbvX-h-cm-Wv. Ap-sXmv Cu {]Xn-`sb Hv ]cn-N-b-s-Sm Rm B{K-lnp \S-p-I-bm-bn-cp-p. `mKy-h-im Is-pI am{X-a-, kvt\ln-X-cm-Im\pw Ign-p. sk v tXmakv aunshpw awK-epg s]mn-^n- Cn-yq-nshpw At-ls {ihn-p-hm\pw At-l-hp-ambn kwkm-cn-p-hm\pw Ah-kcw e`n-n-p-v. ip-K-Xnbpw kXy-[-k-Zm-Nm-c--fn-ep \njvTbpw ]tcm-]-Im-chy-{K-Xbpw \nkzm-Xbpw kln-jvWp-Xbpw B-h-Xzhpw emfnXyhpw Bm-Xbpw Hn-W-n-b, Bscbpw BIjn-p Hcp hyn-Xz-amWp At-l-n-t-Xv. sk v tXmakv {InkvXy Fssk-tm-]o-Unb Hm^v Cy, Cy Nv lndn mkn-Ivkv, Zn \{km-Wo-kv, tXmam-]o-Unb XpS-nb CuSp
38

{K-, ]n-tXm-Nn-Xamb Gsd teJ-\, ]n-XkZp-Ifn - - Ah-X-cn-n-n-p D]-\ym-k- Ch-sbmw ]cn-K-Wn-p-tm Atl-ns Adn-hns Bghpw ]cpw \apv GXmv a\-n-em-m Ign-bpw. Cu Db-c--fn {]tim-`n-p-tmgpw At-l-ns hn\-b-`m-hhpw tkh-\-k---Xbpw Bscbpw BIjn-p--Xm-Wv. ac- Xmgpp ^em-K-a-n-\m ]cw \an-pp L\w \hmw_p-t]m kar-n-bn k-\-aq--amo-Sm ]tcm-]Imcn-n-Xp-X kz`m-hhpw s{]m^. tPmv ta\m-t-cnsbpdn-tmp-tm-sgmw Cu ]Zyi-Iew Hm-bn hcm-dp-v. ssZh-`bw Adn-hns Bcw-`am-Wv. AsXmcp-hs\ IqSp-X IqSp-X hn\o-X-\mpw. Hcn-t]mepw kz-c-N-\I-sf-n Atlw Ah-Im-i-hmZw DbnbXmbn tIn-n-. Fnepw GsXm-cmq--nepw Xs Ignhpw {]k-cn-pw-sImv tPmv amjv A\-\y-\mbn \np-p. At-l-ns kXy-k--X-sb-p-dnv ]d-bp-tm Hcp kw`hw Hm-hcp-p. Hcn-Sv Atlw {]kw-Kn\p Wn-s-p. {]kwKw Ignv t]mb-tm B m]-\-ns A[n-Imcn At-l-n\v T.A. Fp ]dv Hcp Ih sImSp-p. t]mIp hgnv Ih Xpdv t\mn-b-tm XpI T.A. am{X-a hfsc IqSp-X-ep-v. DSs\ hn- Xncnv ta-d m]-\n sNv A[n-Im-cn-sb- Iv A_-m IqSp-X XpI h-XmtWm F-t\z-jn-p. CXp-t]mse ]e- Im-cy--fpapv ASp--dn--hv Hmn-m. k]vXXn BtLm-jn-p Cu thf-bnepw Atlw hn{i-an-m Hcp--an-. ]Wn-p-c-bn Ctmgpw Xnc-p-X-s. {]mbw Ihn-sm-sc-\n-n\n ]mSptm ]mgn t]mw t\cs t\mn-\nm? Hcp-]mSv Imcy- sNbvXvXom-\p-v. kabw If-bm-\n FmW-t-lns `mhw. CuSp cN-\Ihgn k`pw kaq-ln\pw IqSpX \-I sNm Btcm-Kyhpw ZoLm-bppw \In k-i- At-ls A\p-{K-ln--s. k]vX-Xn-bpsS awK-f- s{]m^. tPmv ta\m-t-cnv kvt\l-]qw t\p-sIm-p-p. C\nbpw Gsd \mf-tv Cu ioX-f-km-nyw \tm-Sp-IqsS Dm-h-s-sbv Bin-p-p, {]mn-p-p.

39

Sr. Cleopatra, CMC.

A Man of Vision and Action

Prof. George Menachery is a man of vision and action. He sets his goal before him and works hard to achieve it. How hard and difficult the work, he is not bothered, provided it is his goal and he has decided to achieve it. It is the goal he has aimed at that matters. On the way he does not waste his energy attending to small things like writing articles or books which may deter him from his whole concentration on the larger and greater aim. Prof. Menachery is wholeheartedly involved in religious practices and the works of the Archdiocese. I met him at a Charismatic Retreat which we organized for the teachers of St. Thomas College in Madonna Sehiona. As part of the Retreat Programme, he came to meet me for counseling. Well, I understood that he is very regular in his Church duties and very open in his dealings. He has been very active in the works entrusted to him by the Bishops House or Bishop-appointed committees. He has striven hard to get the Papal Visit Souvenir done. Similarly, the Trichur Diocesan Centenary Commemoration Volume also has his article enhancing the heritage of Christianity in the Archdiocese. Prof. Menachery is a good speaker, researcher, organizer and director. A historian and cultural Artist, he has organized several cultural exhibitions showing the ancient heritage of Christianity in India from St. Thomas, the Apostle of Jesus Christ. His is a life set apart especially for the study, research and preservation of the heritage of St. Thomas Christians history, art, culture and architecture of Kerala and the religious heritage of the Christians in India. On this beautiful occasion of the celebration of the 70th Birthday, I warmly and prayerfully wish Prof. George great blessings and joys from the Lord and hearty felicitous Birthday Greetings!

40

Prof. George Menachery.

Fr. Francis Thonippara CMI Provincial.

Congratulations and Birthday greetings to Prof. George Menachery. Ad Multos Annos. Prof. George Menachery is a household name among scholars and those who make research studies in Indian Church History. Besides, he is also a zealous Nazarene, whose life mission is to popularize St. Thomas Christian traditions, customs, practices and manners. He is an ardent lover of the Apostolic Church of St. Thomas Christians. My close association with Prof. George is in the context of the Indian Church History Association. At present he is the Vice-President of the same Association. He is very active in arranging seminars and conferences under the banner of this Association, both at national as well as regional levels. His active presence in many national and international conferences through his scholarly interventions and presentations make him an international personality. In my opinion, Prof. George is very much influenced by three great saintly personalities although not denying other factors which influence him. The first great figure that comes to my mind when I think about Prof. George is St. Paul. Once St. Paul was convinced of the fact that Jesus is the Saviour and the Messiah, he spent his whole energy in making known this Good News to the whole world. He undertook adventurous journeys to spread this Good News. Prof. George spared no energy in making known the noble traditions of the St. Thomas Christians. The miles he covered are incomparable and uncountable. The enterprising spirit of St. Thomas is very much seen in the life and activities of Prof. George.The publication of the St. Thomas Christian Encyclopedia and other successive publications is time consuming and money consuming and so much of risk factor is involved in the sale of these costly volumes. The faith expression of St. Thomas, My Lord and My God, is an expression of the surrender of the Apostle. In the same way, Prof. Georges difficult tasks have this sense of complete surrender to the Lord. As a result of this type of surrendering, God blesses all his endeavours abundantly. 41

St. Francis Xavier is his model in his dealings with ecclesiastical authorities; i.e. his fidelity to the superiors in ups and downs in agonies and ecstasies, in joys and sorrows. This filial obedience to the authorities makes Prof. George an acceptable leader of the community. His criticisms, even if he makes them, are creative and for the good and growth of the community. This Sapthathi celebration is an occasion to honour a great son of the Syro-Malabar Church. Let us get inspiration from the life of this noble soul whose thirst for knowledge and love for his community is praise-worthy. Let us thank the Lord for the wonderful gift of Prof. George Menachery. Ad Multos Annos.

am sk_my aqgncn ]t\mca Hm^v Cy {Inym\nn {]Zi\n

HutK {]Ya ImtXmen_mh Fssktm]oUnb 1973 {]Imi\w sNpp. In\m ]msdmn Ay\mbncpp

{]Zit\mZvLmS\w 1971

hnhmlw HIvtSm_ 19, 1966

42

Ipeo-\-X-bp-sSbpw {]b-Xv\-n-sbpw Bcq]w

sP. Xn

{]kn Iem-Im-c-\mb ssan B-tem-bpsS Ncn-{X-n Hcp kw`-h-ap-v. Pqen-b cm-a ]m-bpsS \n--n\p hgn tdmanse {]kn--amb kns-bn Nm-ens taq-c-bpsS Xmsg Atlw Nn{X-the sNm Bcw-`n-p. B CSp-nb lmfn icnp shfnw t]mep-an-m Db-c-n sInb ac--e-I-bn aep-InSpsImv ZoL-\m Atlw Nn{Xw hc-p. knapw shhpw Nmb-ppw Inepw aqnepw hp hogp-Xv XpSp amn-smv amkfpw sIm-fpw Atlw Ign-p-Iq-n. temI-N-cn-{X-nse Ghpw bmX-\m-\n`-c-amb Iem-b--am-bn-cpp AXv. Nn{X-the Ah-km-\nnp Xmsg Cd-n-b-tm Atlw t]mepw Aw-hnpt]mbn. Xebvp-aosX ]Xn-\m-bncw NXp-c{i ASn hcp e-msI Hcp h{]]krjvSn. a\pjy]X-\w, {]f-bw, BZw, l, k-i-\mb ssZhw. Ime-n-\-Xo-X-amb a\pjy`mh-\-bpsS hnPtb-Xn-lm-kambn AXp Cpw \ne-\np-p. s{]m^-k ta\m-t-cn-sb-p-dnv Fgp-Xp-tm ssan B-tembpsS Cu Nn{X-amWv Fs Hm-bn hcp--Xv. Atlw Xm-dm-nbn-p {InkvXy Fssk-tm-]o-Un-b, tXma-m]o-Unb Fo {Kp-thn \S-nb b- AXn-km-l-kn-I-am-Wv. Atlw Xnc-s-Sp hnj-b- Ah Fgp-Xp-hm At\z-jnp Is-nb iX-W-n\p Fgp-p-Im, AXns C-Ivkp-I, Fm-n\pw thn sNe-h-gn kabw Fmw CXnlm-k-ambn amdn. At-l-s-tmepw B-cy-s-Sp-phn[w Cy-bnse ss{IkvXhsc-p-dnp Fmw kam- l-cn-p B IrXn-I Imes AXn-Po-hnp \psS apn anI Ncn{X krjvSn-bmbn Dbp \npp Fp kmcw. amcpw ssIh-bvm ss[cy-s-Sm ]e {]m-\--fnepw
43

{]hn-p-Ibpw ]epw amZin BIp-Ibpw sNbvX Akm[mcW {]Xn-`m-im-en-bmWv {]^-k ta\m-t-cn. Atlw apssI FSpn-m-bn-cp-p-sh-n k`-sb-p-dnpw kaq-l-s-p-dnpw Cp shfnw \qm-n\p e`n-n-m-bn-cp-p. ]pXnb ]pXnb hgn-m-c-I shn-sb-Sp-m Fm-hpw Ign-bn--tm. AXn-Xo-{h-amb B-cnI in-bp--ht Ccw amep-an-I-fm-Ip-hm Ign-bq. H-mSpw henb _l-fhp-sam-p-an-msX ]c-aim-\m-bn-mWv henb krjvSn-bpsS apn Atlw hym]-cn--Xv. Hcp hn-h-Im-cn-bp-sStbm, AXnkml-kn-I-X-bp-tStbm Ipmbw AWn-bmsX Hcp henb Ne-\ns BZy-I-n-bmbn Atlw amdp-I-bm-bn-cp-p. hnkva-b-\o-b-amwhn[w hn-h-I-c-ambn henb H-m-Sp-m-p--Xn-e, A-S--ns sabvhgw ImWn-p--Xn-eq-sS-bmWv s{]m^-k ta\m-tcn t\- ssIh-cn--Xv. sshp (tIm-X-h-d) hp \S tIcf lndn tIm{Kv hmjnI kt-f\n s\Sp-pw AhmUp \In-btm-gmWv {]^- k ta\m-t-cn-bp-ambn ASpp ]cn-N-b-s-Sp--Xv. ]ecpw kwkm-cnp-Ibpw {]I-Sn-n-p-Xpw sNp--Xp-t]mse, a\-nma\-tm-sS AhmUv kzoI-cn-p--hsc t]msetbm AhmUp \nc-knpv am[y-a-fn {i- ]n-Snp]p--hsc t]msetbm Bbn-cp-n IYm-]p-cp-j. Xm Ncn-{X-n\pw k`bvpw \Inb kw`m-h-\-I-sf-p-dnp kzmht_m[w t\Snb Bfm-bn-mWv Atlw {]Xy--s--Xv. tIcf lndn tIm{K-ns sshkv {]kn-Upw sImX-hd kt-f-\-ns apJy kwLm- S - \ - I - \ p- a mb Rm Bh- i y- s - - X p- t ]mse _tbm- U m- bpw t^mtm-bp-samw AbpXcn-Ibpw hfsc hn\-bm-\zn-X\mbn kt-f\\Kcn-bn-sen AhmUv Gp-hm-p-Ibpw sNbvXXv Ghpw [\y-amb \nanj-am-bn-cp-p. Iemin]-fn-eq-sSbpw hmkvXpin]-fn-eq-sSbpw Ncn-{X-n\p ]pXnb cp]-krjvSn \Im-\m-Ip-sav s{]m^-k ta\m-tcn hniz-knp. At\-I-a-t\Iw ZpL-S-Ic-amb bm{X-I \S-n-bmWv ssZhmebin]--fpsS Nmcp-Xbpw aqeyhpw Is-m s{]m^-k ta\mt-cnv Ign--Xv. ]n-Ifnse Ie-I-sf-p-dnpv Fw.-Sn. hmkp-tZ-h \mb amXr-`q-an-bn ]{Xm-[n-]-cm-bn-cn-p-tm 1978- {]kn-o-I-cn teJ\]c-c Am-ev Gsd-t-cpsS {im-tI-{-ambnop. B teJ-\-fpsS tXmXp-]n-Snv sslht{X--fnse Ie-I-sf-p-dnp ]Tn-m Bthiw Dm-bn. hmkvXpin]-ns A\km[y-X-I-fntebvmWv ta\m-tcn Xo{h-Xtb-dnb shfnw hoin-bXv. AXns shfn-n hfsc hnI-kn-Xhpw kmwkvm-cn-Iambn Db-Xp-amb Hcp kaql-n\p am{Xta hmkvXpin-n ssIh-bvp-hm Ign-bq. B \ne44

bn Hcp kap-Zm-b-ns kmwkvm-cnIhfsb Af-m-\p am\Zw IqSn-bmWv hmkvXp-in-. As\ ta\m-t-cn-bpsS Kthj-W-neqsS Ncn-{X-ns Ccp-f-S taJ-e-I-fn-tebvv shfnw hoim klm-bn-n-p-v. ]Iz-amb s]cp-amw, EjnXp-ey-amb `mhw, ]c-kv]cw ASp-n-p t\mw Fmw At-l-ns PohnXhnP-bn D]-Im-c-{]-Z-am-bn-pv Fv F\nv tXmn-bn-p-v. Bcp-am-bnv CS-s-mepw B kmnyw A\p-`hn-m-\p Xzc Ah-ti-jn-n-n-mWv Atlw ISpt]mIp--Xv. A{Xbpw ImnIin B t\m-n\pw `mh-n\pw Dv. hj--tfmfw \op-\n Nnbpw Nn-bn \nv D--amb `mh-hp-amWv AXns ]nn-ep--Xv. Ipeo-\-X-bp-sSbpw {]b-Xv\-n-sbpw Bcq-]-amWv s{]m^-k ta\m-t-cn. Aam-bv Bym-o-Ihpw ssZh-im-kv{X-]-c-hp-amb ASn-d \I-W-sap Ctmt]mepw ]e k`mt\Xm-fpw IcpXpn-. Aam-b k`-bn-semw ]tcm--ambn kl-I-cn-m aXn-sbv hnizkn-p-hcmWv A[nIw t]cpw. Aam-bv cmP-Io-bamb ZuXyw k`- bn-ep-s-p-Xp t_my-s-n-n-. Fm s{]m^-k F{X appXs ssZh- i m- k v { X- nepw XXz- i m- k v { X- nepw ASn- b p- d Hcp Aamb\ncsb hms-Sp--W-sav A`n-e-jn-p. AXn-\p-thn tImgvkp-Ifpw {Iao-I-c-W-fpw \nt-inp {]mhn-I-am-n. Nn-bpsSbpw Pohn-X-n-sbpw kpk--amb lrZ-b-ap--hp am{Xta PohnX-ns {]Xn-k-n-Ifnepw \nm-bI-L---fnepw ]nSnp \nm\mhp Fv s{]m^-k Ddp hniz-kn-n-cp-p. s{]m^-ksdtmse-bp Iptd- t]-cpsS {]h-\-^-e-am-bn-mWv tIc-f-nepw Cy-bnepw kpi-amb Iptd Aambt\Xm- Dbp-hXv. Ah-cn-eqsS BWtm - C\nbpw k` Nen-t--Xv. kt-iz-c \Inb B-cnIin Dsmv Xm Pohn-p Ime-L-s tXP-p--Xm-nb s{]m^k ta\m-t-cn-bpsS [\y-amb {]bmWw XpS-cs Fm-iw-kn-p-p.

45

ZenXv_p F.-sI. tPmkv.

Ncn{XkmlnXya-e-n s{]m^. tPmv ta\m-t-cnv Fpw Ccn-nSw Dm-bn-cn-pw

`qX-Imekw`-h-sf ]p\-h-X-cn-nv h-am\Ime-n Ie-l-apm- m- \ pw, h- a m\Imes ]pXpn ]Wn- b m\pw Ncn{XkmlnXyImc-mv Ignbpw. Fm Ncn{Xkw`-h- ]p\-ch-Xcn-nv Ie-lap-m-m Xmev]cyw ImWn-m, Ncn-{X-ho-Yn-Ifn {]Imiw ]c-p, sNdp-Xn-cn-I Inp hbvp-I-sb {hXw kzoIcnv Ncn-{X-n {]XnjvT t\Snb BfmWv s{]m^. tPmv ta\m-tcn. tIcfm lndn tIm{Kkv {]kn-Uv F \ne-bn Cu Atkmkn-tb-j-\nse Hcp Ub-d-IvS-dmbn {]hn-p-t]m-cp s{]m^. ta\mt-cn-b-ap-ambn F\nv D-_w hp ]pem Ign-p. Rm CXn A`n-am\wsImp-p. s{]m^. tPmns\-p-dnv ]d-bp-tm, cp \mev Imcy- FSpp ]d-tb--Xm-bn-p-v. ]c hmb-\-bmWv At-l-n-tXv. Fn-s\--nbpw Bg-ambn ]Tn-pw. Bh-iy-amb Imcy- Ipdn-phv Ah-sb-p-dnv a\\w\Sn kzw \nK-a\ Xpd a\-tmsS - Bhn-jv-cn-pw. Kth-jWat\m-`m-h-amWv At-l-ns asmcp {]tXy-IX. 45 hbv Ign-bp-tm Kth-j-W-n-ep Xmev]cyw ]e Ncn-{X-Imcampw Ipdp Ipdp hcpw. s{]m^. tPmv ta\m-tcnbmIs, ]nsbpw ]nsbpw agp-hn\v aq Iq-n-sm-n-cn-p-IbmWv sNbvX-Xv. AXp-sImv At-l-n\v t{ijvT-amb Ncn{X IrXn-I cNn-m km[n-p-Ibpw sNbvXp. aqm-as {]tXy-IX ITn-\m-zm-\-io-e-am-Wv. Ign \mXv hjw Atlw ITn-\m-zm-\n Gs-n-cp Imcyw At-lns hop-Im-dn-bmw, D kplr-p--dn-bmw. Pohn-X-ns \nc-h-[n46

bmb _l-f--fn \nv `qX-Im-e-ns Nmc-n Hfnp InS \nc-h-[n-bmb hkvXp-X-Isf DuXn sXfn-s-Sp-m At-l-n\p Ignp. s{]m^. tPmv ta\m-t-cnbpsS IrXn-Iv KpW-ta-tb-dnb DSw am{X-a D-Xv, Gsd hen--ta-dn-b-Xp-am-Wv. _rlXv-{K---fnepsS Ncn{XhkvXp-X-Isf temI-n\v shfn-s-SpnsmSpp Atlw. ae-bm-f-n am{X-a, Cwojv `mj-bnepw At-l-ns henb IrXn-I {]kn-o-Ir-X-am-bn-p-v. Ahbvv ]cs AwKo-Im-chpw e`nn-p-v. ]Whpw Azm-\hpw ka-bhpw Btcm-Kyhpw [mcm-fambn sNeh-gnv Ncn{Xkmln-Xy-Ir-Xn-I cNnv Ncn{XkmlnXya-e-n Atlw kz-ambn CSw Is-n-bn-p-v. Cu Itkc Bpw Ffp--n FSp-p-am-m Ign-bp-I-bp-an-.

Am ]p]pc IpphdoXv, Imq

A Fcntcn tXma sImutkv

47

^m. sFkv Be-mv ]me-n- kn.-Fw.-sF.

Fs _mey-Im-e-kp-lrv

Ata-cn- t\mh-env tembnUv kn. U-ns {]kn--amb Hcp t\mh-emWv Zn tdm_v (The Robe). {InkvXp-hns Ipcn-ip-a-c-W-n tdma ]m-fm Ahn-Sps taenbvmbn \dp-n-Sp-p. AXv tdma iXm-[n-]-\mb amk-en\p Inp-p. X\np Innb B ]cp- hkv{Xw In-se-Sp--tmapX A\n-N-\o-b-amb Hcp Akz-X At-ls _m[n-p-p. ]e-kvXo-\m-bnse GtXm \mn]pdv s\bv s X- S p- - X mWpv B hkv { X- s a \nK- a - \ - n B Ip{Kmaw ImWm\pw AXp s\bvsX-Sp ]mh-s--hsc Is-m\pw amk-ev \n-bn-p-d-bvp-p. taen s\bvX-hsc tXSn ]pd-s-Sp--Xn-\p- apv tdma ssk\y-nse Xs DX DtZymKw Atlw cmPn-sh-bvpp. XpSp ]e-kvXo-\-bnse \mn ]pd--fmb \mn ]pd--fnsems Aep Xncn-bp-p. Ah-km\w {InkvXp-hns taen s\bvXncn-p-Xp-t]mse hkv{Xw s\p ]mh-shcmb {Kmao-Wsc Atlw Is-p-p. Ah {InkvXym-\n-I-fm-sWp Xncn--dn-bp-p. kpjvS-cmb Ah-cpsS kmao-]y-n Ahm-Ny-amb B-cnI kam-[m\hpw kwXr-]vXnbpw At-ln\p e`n-p-p. amk-ev {InkvXp-amw kzoIcn-p-p. Cs\ t]mIpp U-ns Zn tdm_v F t\mh-ense IY. Xs sNdp-a-I Ubm-\-vbpsS {]Xn-{iq-X-h-c-\mb amk-e-ns hnth-I-an-m {]hrn-sb-p-dn--dn-bp-tm tdma N{I-hn-bmb Xnt_-cn-bqkv tcmjw-sImp ]d-bp- Hcp hmN-I-apv t\mh-en, {iml-amb Hcp hmNIw: All philosophers are sick in head. XXzNn--I-m-scmw Indp--m-cm-Wv. CXm-Wm-hm-N-Iw. XXz-Nn--I am{Xa, {]Xy--n A-iq-\y-ambn km[m-c-W-mp tXmp-Xpw Fm BXy-nI hni-I-e-\-n al--c-am-b-Xp-am-bh Fn-n-Snmthn PohnXw Dgn-p-sh-bvp--h-sc-m-hcpw shdpw Indp--m48

c-, apgpIndp--m-cm-sW-mWv F\np tXmp--Xv. HcpXcw almb Indp-p- _m-[n-, hn. {^mkokv Ao-kn-sb-tmse \nc-h[n alm-m- k`-bn- D-m-bn-p-v. k`-bn am{X-a-, GXp taJ-ebn-em-bm-epw, kz- `u-XnIt\-sf ]cn-K-Wn-msX, D-X-amb Imcyp-thn PohnXw Dgn-p-sh hyn-Isf ImWmw. Xnt_-cnbqkv N{I-hn Indp--m-scp hnti-jn-n--h! Cq--cmWv a\pjy\pw Ahs kwkvm-c-pw Aaq-ey-amb kw`m-h\ \In-bh. Fs _mey-Im-e-kp-lr-mb s{]m^-k tPmv ta\m-tcnsbp-dnv Nnn-p-tm F\n-tm hcp-Xv tdma N{I-hn Xnt_-cn-bqkv Xs ssk\y-nse iXm-[n-]-\mb amk-e-ns\ hntijn-n hmp-I-fm-Wv. All philosophers are sick in head. amk-ev Hcp ]g-b- Xp-Wn-bpw-sImv Bth-i-tm-sS, A-W-t_m-[-tmsS Kthj-Wn\v C-dn-bXp-t]mse, s{]m^-k tPmv ta\m-t-cn tIcfk`bpsS KX-Ime{]Xm-]-ns IY ]d-bp CSn-p-s]m-fn sIn-S- f pw, anb NpaNn{X- fpw, {Zhn sNt- S p- I fpw tXSn Aep\S,v temIns ZrjvSn-bn Pohn-m ad-p-t]mb Hcmfm-Wv. s{]m^-k tPmv Fsmcp Kth-j-I Cm-bn-cp-p-sh-n tIc-f-nse ss{IkvX-h-k` Cm-bn-cn-p--Xp-t]mse [\y-bm-Ip-ambn-cp-n-. IgnImekw`-h--fpsS h-i-_-f-amb bh-\nI ]m-e-amn, s{]m^-k ta\m-t-cn tIcfk`-bpsS Nn{Xw hc-bvp-Xp ImWp-tm At-lns Cu _mey-Im-ekp-lrv kXy-n A`nam\wsImp-p. hj-p- ap-v, henb {]k-cn-smpw IqSmsX, Imq F {Kma-nse t]mws] sk v tacokv sslkvq-fn-tebvv Hcp-an-p -\Sp \op-tm tPmv tIcf-k`bvv C{X-tbsd Aaq-ey-amb kw`mh\ sNp-sav Rm Icp-Xn-bn-. tIc-fo-b, {]tXy-Inv Chn-Ss {InkvXym-\n-I, Bh-iy-n\p Ncn-{Xm-h-t_m[w D-h-c-. B Ipdhns Zqjy-^-e- tIc-f-k` A\p-`-hn-p-p-v. KX-Imekw`-h-sf-p-dn-v A-dn-bm\pw AXn A`n-am\wsImm\pw Ign-mte \app Bm-`n-am-\-w D-m-hp-I-bp-p. \apv Xd-hm-Sn--ap-sp ]d-bm Ign-b-W-sa-n ap-ImeNcn-{X-s-p-dn--v Adn-b-Ww. Cu taJ-e-bnemWv s{]m^-k tPmv \apv Aaq-ey-amb kw`m-h\ \In-b-Xv. Atlw k]vXXn BtLm-jn-p Cu A\L-ap-lq-n ssZhw At-ls kar-am-bn A\p-{K-ln-s Fv Cu _mey-Im-ekp-lrv Biw-kn-p-p.

49

Interrogating the Received Notions:

Prof. George Menacherry and the History of the St. Thomas College, Trichur
Dr. N. J. Francis

The history of the St. Thomas College, Trichuran institution with which Prof. George Menacherry has associated himself in various capacities for the last forty-six yearshas also been a theme of the scholarly inquiries and pursuits undertaken by Prof. Menacherry along with a gamut of other questions of socio-cultural, religious and art-historical significance pertaining to the Syrian Christian community in India. This brief article looks into the contributions of Prof. Menacherry in bringing out and popularising the history of the St. Thomas College, Trichur, the first Catholic private College in Kerala that has bequeathed a rich legacy to modernity in Kerala through educational activities and intellectual initiatives for more than a century. The nature of Prof. Menacherrys perception of what the St. Thomas College stood for as well as his engagement with what the College has been doing during the last one century of its existence as the premier centre of higher learning in central Kerala placed him in a unique position to develop, by the 1980s, an outline of a history of the College. This outline has effectively gone into the making of the more comprehensive proposals in recent times for a detailed intellectual history of this College in the context of a wider history of education in modern Kerala and the role of the Catholic Church in such a history. A comprehensive effort at looking back at the history of the College dates back to the Golden Jubilee, in 1969, of the up-gradation of this educational institution as a Second Grade College affiliated to the University of Madras in 1919, at a time when the institution was already thirty years old. There were, of course, attempts at reviewing the educational past of the College as had been done in 1925 by Fr. John Palocaren, the first Principal of the College, in connection with the raising of the College as the first First Grade College in the princely state of Cochin in June 1925. Yet another attempt at reconstructing

50

the history of the College was the occasion of the Diamond Jubilee in 1979 of the affiliation of the College to the University of Madras. It is time now to point out the basic features of these attempts at historicising the past of the St. Thomas College. This will locate the interventions of Prof. Menacherry in rectifying the blurring of certain significant data pertaining to the history of the College that took place on certain occasions of reviewing its past. The first historical review was the one attempted in 1969 in the context of the Golden Jubilee of the affiliation of the College to the University of Madras. Prof. Menacherry was, at this time, only a young member of the teaching staff, barely thirty-one years old, but already on the scholarly pursuits for which he later earned national and international acclaim. In spite of the earnestness and rigour of the Golden Jubilee celebrations, what escaped the event was the historical significance of the three decades of the institutional past that lay behind St. Thomas College, Trichur prior to 1919. The Golden Jubilee Souvenir 1, too, missed the fact that what happened in 1919 was not the founding of any new institution, as many people in the College as well as even outside still seem to think, but only the starting of a Junior Intermediate Class and a College Department. In fact, the Head Master became the head of both the High School wing as well as the College Department. We have enough evidence to believe that both the wings together constituted the same institution for a long time until developments within the machinery of Governments necessitated the 51

Prof. Menacherry welcoming the gathering at the Old Boys Day in connection with the Diamond Jubilee Celebrations, 1979-80

The Cover of the Diamond Jubilee Commemoration Volume

bifurcation of the College from the school or vice versa. Viewed in the light of changing Government rules and regulations, these institutions which are in many respects older than the Governments that administered them, tended to review their past based on these changes. In fact, the College operated within the administrative space provided by the princely state of Cochin on the hand and the Government of Madras Presidency under the British on the other. It is equally pertinent now to go further back and read the first ever historical note on the College, by Rev. Fr. John Palocaren, the first Principal,2 in 1925, whereby he considered Dr. Adolphus E. Medlycott as one of the three successive Founders of the College, the other two being Mar John Menacherry and Mar Francis Vazhapilly. Here we have the first clear perception of how the St. Thomas College took its birth. We do not know the circumstances under which the collective and shared memory of the real beginnings of the College began to blur from the archival records of the College as well as from the popular memories. When the history of the College subsequently got percolated down to the students and the public at large in central Kerala, a fragmented view of its history was what came to be cherished. Thus, the College Calendars of the 1970s and 1980s began to carry in the preface such statements as It was founded by the Rt. Rev. Dr. John Menacherry, the Bishop and Vicar Apostolic of Trichur, in April, 1919 ... It is in this context that the intervention of Prof. Menacherry becomes crucial in rectifying this blurring of evidence by reinstating into the history of the College its real founderDr. Adolphus Edwin Medlycott, Ph D, the one time Professor at the Propaganda College in Rome, author of India and the Apostle Thomas (London, 1905), and an internationally reputed historian of the Syrian Christians of South Asia. It is the Diamond Jubilee Commemoration Volume of the College that offered Prof. Menacherry the site for questioning the way the history of the College was till then perceived and for proposing an alternate perspective. He

Prof. Menacherry listening to a Medlycott Lecture

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Prof. Menacherry at the Third Medlycott Lecture, on 2nd March, 2007, seeking clarification from Prof. M.G.S. Narayanan

was himself the Joint Convenor and Managing Editor of the Diamond Jubilee Commemoration Volume Committee, with the late P. Thomas, another reputed scholar of history and author of several renowned books on history, religion, culture, and art,3 as the Convenor. The two essential features of Prof. Menacherrys revision of the history of the College are 1) the reinstating of Dr. A. E. Medlycott as the founder of the College, and 2) the placing of the history of the College against the background of the history of the Syrian Christian community in India as a whole, and not in terms of the personal interests and capabilities of certain individuals, be they prelates or clerics or academics. The shift of emphasis brought in by Prof. Menacherry is aptly portrayed on the very cover design of the Diamond Jubilee Commemoration Volume itself. In fact, the very celebration of the Diamond Jubilee symbolically began with a Dipasikha brought from Kodungallur where, according to Syrian Christian tradition, the Apostle Thomas first landed on the Malabar Coast. The said volume contained, more as a preface and statement of the new historical insight, a two-page explanation4 as to why the St. Thomas Cross in granite was portrayed on the cover of the Diamond Jubilee Commemoration Volume. It also carried extensive quotations from what the editor of the volume referred to as our founders work on our Patron.5 Thus, the very history, and the intellectual and scholastic activity that were part of the St. Thomas College began to be viewed as an adjunct of the history and activities of the Syrian Christian community as a whole in India. Something more about the less-known work of the founder of the St. Thomas College needs to be stated here in way of clarification in the light of 53

an article written by Dr. A. E. Medlycott himself on the history of the Thomas Christians.6 In the last section of this article, Dr. Medlycott deals with the near contemporary history and activities of the new Vicariate of Trichur, which helps us to add an interesting note on Medlycotts conception of the College. On his own activities, he wrote: he took early steps to open as many elementary parish schools as possible; within nine years (1888-96) the vicariate was provided with no less than 231 elementary parish schools , besides a high school (St. Thomas College), with 95 students; , and plans were prepared to house the above college in a handsome structure. This was the condition of things when the bishop went to Europe on sick leave7 (italics added) in 1895. This reminds us of the long term vision of Dr. Medlycott and proves beyond doubt that what he founded was, in fact, a real college itself and not an elementary school. The burden of constructing this handsome building fell on Mar John Menacherry, who was appointed Vicar Apostolic in 1896, on plans that were already prepared and finalised by our founder, in the familiar words of Prof. George Menacherry. Msgr. Palocaren wrote in 1925 that a well-known engineer, who had occasion to visit the College, after contemplating the edifice for a while, turned to the present writer and exclaimed: A magnificent pile. He is a genius who planned it!8 though it had been forgotten Prof. Menacherry at the First Medlycott by that time as to who actually planned the Lecture, on 20th January, 2005, seeking handsome structure for the College. clarification from Prof. M. R. Raghava It was in order to highlight the scholarship of the founder of the College and rekindle the spirit of an interdisciplinary dialoguea tradition set by Dr. Medlycott himselfthat the Medlycott Foundation was established by some academics who believe in the necessity for dialogue among researchers, scholars, intellectuals, and all those who can partake in the quest for truth. Prof. Menacherry has been the adviser of the Foundation since its inception in 2005. I dedicate this brief write-up as a token of my admiration to the historical scholarship and antiquarian pursuits of Prof. George Menacherry, whose secular and scholarly engagements with the history and prospects of a community took him to many roads not trodden so far. It was from my revered teacher, Professor M. G. S. Narayanan, onetime Chairman of the Indian Council for Historical Research, that I first heard of Prof. Menacherry, when I was still a 54
Varier

postgraduate student at the Department of History, University of Calicut. Much later, Dr. George Michell, a leading authority on pre-modern Indian architecture, told me how Prof. Menacherrys works on the Christian Church architecture of Kerala helped him when he edited two volumes on the wooden sculptural traditions of south India for the National Centre for the Performing Arts.9 I sent a letter to Prof. Menacherry the same day of my meeting Dr. Michell, who introduced me to early Indian temple architecture at the British Museum in 2003. As I went through the shelves of the library of the School of Oriental and African Studies of the University of London, I did come across the volumes published by Prof. Menacherry, many of which were frequently borrowed and read by researchers in that part of the world as well. I wish Prof. Menacherry many more decades of fruitful historical scholarship and antiquarian pursuits. * Reader and Head, Dept. of History, St. Thomas College, Trichur. He was a Fellow of the Indian Institute of Advanced Study, Shimla. Presently, he is UGC Research Awardee at the Dept. of History, University of Calicut. (Footnotes)
1 2

4 5 6

7 8

Golden Jubilee Souvenir, Trichur: St. Thomas College, Trichur, 1969. Rev. J. Palocaren, The College and its Founders The St. Thomas College Magazine, Vol. I, nos. 1 & 2, June-September, 1925, pp. 4-11. The leading works of P. Thomas include Christians and Christianity in India and Pakistan, London: George Allen & Unwin, 1954; and Churches in India, New Delhi: Publications Division, Govt. of India, 1964 Diamond Jubilee Commemoration Volume, pp. 7-8 Diamond Jubilee Commemoration Volume, p. 8 A. E. Medlycott, Thomas Christians in The Catholic Encyclopedia: An International Work of Reference on the Constitution, Doctrine, Discipline, and History of the Catholic Church, Vol. XIV, ed. by Charles G. Herbermann et. al, New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1912, pp. 678-688. A. E. Medlycott, Thomas Christians in The Catholic Encyclopedia, p. 688. Rev. J. Palocaren, The College and its Founders, St. Thomas College Magazine Vol. I, Nos. 1 & 2, June-September,, 1925, p. 6. George Michell ed., Marg, Vol. XLII, No. 3 (Wooden Traditions of Kerala and Karnataka) and Living Wood: Sculptural Traditions of Southern India, Bombay: Marg Publications, 1992. His other titles include The Hindu Temple: An Introduction to its Meaning and Forms, London, 1977, Art and Architecture of Southern India, Cambridge, 1995 etc.

amXm]nXmfpsS hnhmlw

55

Professor George Menachery

A. M. Mundadan CMI

The Tireless Searcher after St Thomas Christian Heritage

It gives me immense happiness to join his other friends and well wishers to warmly greet this heritage-minded professor in the full bloom of his Saptati. It was in the 1960s my acquaintance with Prof. George Menachery started. One day his brother James and the professor came to see me. Young and energetic his enthusiasm and firm determination to dedicate himself to the cause of the Christian heritage of India shone brightly in his youthful face and in his inspired words. He was launching a great projecta series of what he called St Thomas Christian Encyclopedia of India. He wanted my collaboration in this grand venture. Another time he took me to his home at Ollura home that was fast turning into a heritage house, a continuation of the tradition his maternal grandfather Kunjuvareed had established. Kunjuvareeds house at Kattur had been a marvel of traditional Kerala architecture, with a library full of old tomes related to the history of Christianity and several antiques that symbolized an earlier era. George was then teaching English literature at the prestigious St Thomas College, Thrissur. An earnest teacher though he was of English literature, Georges first love was Christian history and Christian archeology. Finally when this dream project of the Encyclopedia was launched he was kind enough to include my name in the Board of Editorial Consultants. I wrote an article for Vol. II: History of St Thomas Christianity in India to the Present Day. I was also able to provide Prof. Menachery with some colour slides of churches of Kerala and their art treasures which we had collected for the Dharmaam College Exhibition during the celebration of the 19th centenary of the death of St Thomas the Apostle, 1972. Many of Georges friends wondered whether the project would materialize 56

or would remain at the dream level. I too was somewhat sceptical. But Prof. George surprised all when the news was flashed that volume two was going to be released by His Eminence Joseph Cardinal Parecattil in the presence of His Holiness Catholicos Baselius Angen I. Actually the book was released on 7 April 1973 almost coinciding with the culmination of the 19th Centenary celebrations of the Death of St Thomas. At another grand function on 3 July 1973 Joseph Cardinal Parecattil presented copies of the volume to the then Governor of Kerala Sri N. N. Vanchoo. Both the functions were widely covered by the media and the Encyclopedia got good publicity. The book and its skilful editor George became celebrities overnight. We were all wonderstruck when we got in our hands the grant size volume in magnificent class and style. Great acclaim not only from the general public but from the part of scholars and learned persons greeted the monumental work and its author. One reviewer wrote that the Encyclopedia with authoritative articles, reproductions of ancient documents and colour pictures, rich with maps, tables and plates is a highly recommended reference tool for hard to obtain information. Others remarked that they knew nothing better as a reference book on Christianity in India than the St Thomas Christian Encyclopedia. For most people this lavishly produced work rarely found in India was an extraordinary publishing achievement with scholarly serenity and reliabilitya compendious and comprehensive work with a remarkable coverage of the whole ground - history, culture, customs, divisions, art, architecture, music, parish life, liturgical vestments, Christian traditional occupations, dance and drama, institutions, statistics and what not. The toil and moil Prof. Menachery underwent to get this monumental volume published are known, perhaps, only to a few of his close friends and relatives. I remember the pain he confined in his heart at the time of stress and strain. Some of his friends including me did what they could. But that was not much. I understand that he had to draw on his lifes savings and family property to get volume two out of the press. But the surprising thing is that George never showed at any time worry or anxiety. He went on with great optimism and full faith in God that the project, which he considered a divinity designated work, would succeed. Succeed, indeed, he did. He has emerged as the heritageminded professor and the guardian angel of history and Christian cultural patrimony. Excellent publications followed: the first volume of the Encyclopedia; The Nazranies which is the first of several projected volumes of classics on history of Christianity in India. A cheaper but a more perfect edition of Vol. II of the Encyclopedia under the name Thomapaedia has also seen light. The third volume of the Encyclopedia is ready for release. 57

This heritage person with his wide knowledge of the Church in Kerala and with a lot of precious collections of antiques is available for all people whenever they need his expert service. I organized two events here at Jeevass Kendram, one in 1999 on the Synod of Diamper and another a painting exhibition on The Human Face of the Divine in 2004. On both occasions George was the main resource person. In 1999 he brought to Jeevass many of his personal collections and some special items borrowed from his parish church of Ollur. The audience were thrilled. With the sweet recollection of these and many other events may I offer Prof. George Menachery who is celebrating his Saptati my heartfelt thanks. I pray the Almighty to keep him in good health and the best of youthful spirit to serve the Church and society for many more years.

ap tem\\pw apnb Cym\hpw

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henb Imcy--fpsS Xp-cm s{]m^. tPmv ta\m-tcn

s{]m^. hn. F. hokv

s{]m^. tPmv ta\m-t-cn-bpsS k]vXXnthf-bn amWn-am-[h NmIym-cpsS tKmh-t\m-m-c-W-cw-K-amWv Fs a\-n sXfn-p-hcp--Xv. Akm-am\y hen--n apn-ep-bv hne-kp ]-Xs NmIym ASn-apSn \nco-n-pw. ]ns cp ssIsImpw AXns\ FSpp s]mm-\p ]cn-{i-a-amWv \S-\-]-cn-k-am-]vXn-bn tKmh\-]Xw ImWn-Ipw \S\pw CS-bn ]Xps s]mn-hcpw. s{]m^. tPmv ta\m-t-cn-bpsS Hmtcm {Khpw CXp-t]mse ha-eI Dbv hcp A\p-`q-Xn-bmWv {]Zm\w sNp--Xv. tIcf ss{IkvX-h-cpsS ]pcm-X-\-N-cn-{X-ns Ccp-f-S GSp-I-fntev shfnw hoim s{]m^. tPmv ta\m-tcn Xs buh-\-Imev XpS-nb ]cn-{iaw {ItaW ^e-{]m]vXntbmS-Sp-p--Xmbn Ncn{X-cw-Kph A`n-{]m-bs-Sp-p. AtXm-sSmw Cv \ne-hn-ep-Xpw \jvS{]m-bambn AXn-Po-h\w ImvIn-Sp-Xp-amb Ncn-{X-km-a{Kn-I imkv{Xo-b-ambn tcJ-s-Sp-n-sh-m-\p {iaw Atlw ^-e-{]m-]vXnbn-se-n-p. As\ Xs 35-mw hb-n Xs `mc-X-ss{I-kvX-hcpsS Ncn{X kma-{KnI Dsm-p Fssk-tm-]o-Unb ]pd-ndn \mSns\ hnkvabw sImnp. alm-\p-`m-h-\m-Wv, s{]m^. ta\m-tcn. km[m-c-W-mv Z-tKm-]p-c-hm-kn-sbv tXmm-hp Xcw {]h-\--fn-emWv s{]m^. ta\m-tcn hym]r-X-\m-bn-cp--Xv. Xs BImcw t]mse henb henb a\pw Atlw kzmb--amn. a\-p-t]mse henb {K- cNn-p. \qdv IW-n\v hnZ-Kv[ Ime-tfmfw ITn-\m-zm\w sNbvXv ]pd-n-dp-XmWv hnm-\tImi-. hnhn[ cmPy--fnse 600 ]cw {K-Im-c-msc AWn-\n-cn-sIm-mWv sk v tXmakv {InkvXy Fssk-tm-]o-Un-bm-bpsS hmfy- sNbvX-Xv. s{]m^. ta\m-tcn Cv 300 ]cw temI-kIem-im-e-I-fn d^-dkv {K-ambn ta\m-t-cn-bpsS IrXn-I- CSw
59

t\Sn-bn-cn-p-p. `m-c-X-n CZw-{]-Y-a-ambn (1975) Bcw-`n Aevamb t\Xr-Xz-]-cnio-e\tI-{-ns (Xr-iq AXn-cq-]Xbn) Ub-dIvSdmbn Ap-ap-X - - - Cp-hsc {]hn-p-p. `mKy-hw {]kp-tbYmx amiqcw amN-]-WvUnXw F sNmv {]Imcw `mKy-hm-s\-bmWv iqc-s\-tbm, ]WvUn-Xs\tbm A {]k-hn-t--Xv. Fm ta\m-t-cn-bpsS A ]WvUn-X\pw ]cn{i-aim-en-bpamb `m-Ky-hms\ {]k-hn-p-sImv taev]d ]g-sm-ns kmcs ZznKp-Wo-`-hn-n-p. Nne kplr-p--fp-ambn tNv sF^_pIvkv {]km-[-\-tI{w m]nv 1968 {]K-cpsS 35 {K- H-bSnv {]km-[\w sNbvXv ]pkvX-I-{]-km-[-I-cp-sS Ipe-]-Xn-bmb Un.-kn. Ing-t-ap-dn-bpsSt]mepw {]iwk ]nSn-p-]-nb Bfm-W-t-lw. hnhn[ cmPy--fn-embn 2 sIm-n-te-sd-mew hntZ-iv Ign-npv Ct-lw. 1978 tPm t]m cm-a amm-bpsS m\mtcm-lWw dntmv sNm sN 1500 ]{X-te-J-I-cn tImthv ]cn-k-c-p sNm A\p-aXn e`n hn-m A{I-Un-t-j-\p 68 t]cn Hcm-fm-bn-cpp At-lw. Un{Kn hnZymn-bm-bn-cnt amkn-I-I {]Im-i\w sNbvXp. \thmZb A-s ss__n F tZiob Sn.-hn. kocn-b-e-Sw [mcmfw tUmIyp-sadn kn\n-aI \nn-p-Ibpw kwhn-[m\w sNpIbpw Dmbn. Bbnc-W-n\v t^mtm-I {]km-[\w sNbvX \smcp t^mtm{Km-^-dm-Wtlw. \nc-h[n AtZ-iob, tZ-iob skan-\m-dp-I-fn Ay--\pw, {]_m-h-Xm-c-I-\p-am-bn. s]mXp-P-\--tf-m Gsd apt \S-p Cu alm-\p-`m-h 1992 apX Iyq- D]-tbm-Kn-p-p. 1998 apX kzw sh_vssk-p-I Bcw-`nv temI-\n-e-hm-c-n \S-nsImp-t]m-Ipp. [mcmfw cq]-X-Ifpw ]n-I-fpw k`m-m-]-\-fpw sh_vsskv Bcw`n-Xv s{]m^. ta\m-t-cn-bpsS t\Xr-Xz-n-em-bn-cp-p. s{]m^. ta\m-t-cn-bpsS k]vXXn BtLm-jn-m R \nn--tm Atlw aptm-p-sh \ntiw BtLmjw A{X-{]-[m-\a Fpw Xm \S hgn-I-fn-eqsS k-cn-m \mp-Imsc {]tNm-Znn-m-\p-X-Ip {]h-\--fmWv A`n-Imayw Fp-am-bn-cp-p.

60

Iem-eb hnZymn-Imbn am[y-a-in-ev]-im-e, htbm-P-\-p kq sF.-Sn. km-c-Xm-b-w, Ncn-{Xkmwkvm-cnI {]Zi-\w, B\-Ifpw \mS hmZy--fpw, ]qchpw s]cp-mfpw ]p-Ip-Sbpw Hsbmbn tLmj-bm-{X, tZio-b--A-tZ-iob skan-\m-dp-I, k]vX-Xn-{K-, k]vXXn sh_vssk-v, tImtfPv sse{_-dn-Iv A]q-{K- k - a - W w, DZv L m- S - \ w, kam- ] \w Fp XpSn Hcp Uk _rlXv]-Xn-I As\ hmp-ho-Wp. A\-\yhpw A]qhpw ]mc-cyKcn-abm-Xp-amb Hcp k]vXXnv Xriq kmyw hln-Xv A-s\-bmWv. AXp-sIm-mWv s{]m^. tPmv ta\m-t-cnsb henb Imcy--fpsS Xp-cm Fv Cu teJI hnti-jnnp--Xv.

Am Fw.F tXma, sImn cmPIob U_mdn

Ama Geympn

amXm]nXm

61

tUm. sI.-sI. cmlp-e

sjh-enbm s{]m^. tPmv ta\m-tcn

{]K-\mb Hcp Cwo-jv s{]m^-k AXn-{]-i-kvX-\mb Hcp henb Ncn-{X-K-th-j-I-\mbn amdn h AXy]q-amb Hcp sasm-tamt^mknv BWv sjh-en-bm s{]m^. tPmv ta\m-t-cn- F alm-\mb hyn-bpsS Pohn-X-n \mw ImWp--Xv. alm-\mb Aym-]-I, hnJym-X-\mb Kth-j-I, AP--\mb Ncn-{X-]-WvUn-X, Duz-kz-e\mb Iem kmwkvm-cnI {]h-I, i-\mb ]{Xm-[n-], k-[\-\mb k`m-N-cn-{X-Im-c, hnJym-X-\mb temI-k-m-cn, \ kwLm-SI, {K-Im-hpw, {]km-[-I\pw kvt\l-k---\mb Hcp kplrv, ktm-]cn Hcp Pnta, CsX-m-amWv BZ-cWo-b\mb s{]m^. tPmv ta\m-t-cn. im-{]-Ir-Xn-bmb s{]m^. ta\m-t-cnsb Fmhcpw CjvS-s-Spw. sk v tXmakv tImtfPnse Cwojv Unmpsans Xe-h-\mbncnp-tm- Xs ss{IkvX-h-k`m Ncn-{X-c-N-\bnepw \nm-W-nepw {]km-[-\-nepw imkv{Xo-b-ambn bpn-t_m[-tmsS {in-n-cp s{]m^. ta\m-t-cn, dn-b sNbvX-tijw apgph ka-bhpw ss{IkvXh Ncn{XKth-j-W-n Nne-h-gn-m\pw Aaqey--fmb \nc-h[n Ncn{X {K- {]kn-o-I-cn-m\pw kp{]-[m-\amb ]e {K--fpsS FUn--dmbn amdm\pw Ign-p. ss{IkvXh tZhmeb-fpsS Ncn-{X-cN\bn C{X-b[nIw Xmev]cy-sa-Sp-h tIc- - f-n A[n-I-an-. Cwo-jv `mj-bn t\Sn FSp AKm-[-amb ]mWvUnXyw -s{]m-^. ta\m-t-cnsb Hcp henb Ncn-{X-{K--Im-c-\mn hfnsbSp- m hf- s c- b - [ nIw klm- b n- p. tIc- f - nse ss{IkvXhcpsS Ncn-{X-n-tepw ss{IkvXh inev]-fn-tepw ]nI-fn-tepw shfnw hoip AXy-]q-hpw FXnp-Xpw Cm-Xp-amb {]iv\fn tcJ-I tiJ-cnv \nc-h[n Kth-jW FUnv - - sNbvXv {]kn-o-I-cn-m\pw s{]m^. ta\m-t-cnv Ign-n-p-v. 1973 82 hj- - f n FUnv sNbv X v {]kn- o- I - c n sk v tXmakv
62

{InkvXy Fssk-tm-]o-UnbbpsS cp hmfy- 1991 se Cy Nv lndn mknIvkv 2000 {]kn-o-I-cn 8 hmfy--fp Zn tXmam]oUnb Fnh temI-{]-kn---fmb Cw-ojv {K--fmWv AXn hnhn-[--fmb A`n-{]m-b- tcJ-s-Sp-n-bn-p-v. hntZ-i-fn- t e- b pw, tIc- f - n- t ebpw ]Wv U n- X - m- c mb \qdp- I - W - n\v Fgppkw`m-h-\-I Cu \mep {K--fnepw Is-m Ign-bpw. Ans\ sk v tXma-kn-s\-Ip-dn-pw, ss{IkvXh tZhm-e-b-sf-pdnpw ]pd-n-d-nb {][m-\-s {K--tfbpw {K-Im-c-m-scbpw hyXy-kvX-X-bp teJ-I-m-scbpw s{]m^. ta\m-tcn Cu hninjvS {K--fn IqSn \s ]cn-NbsSp-p-p. Bcm-[y-\mb sk v tXmakv tIcfw kin-n-ptm Ctbm F Imcyw ]e--epw Ctmgpw N sNp-I-bm-Wv. alm-\mb t]mv Xncp-ta\n t]mepw A`n{]mbw ]d-n-pv. Did St. Thomas Really come to India F temI-{]-kn Ncn-{X-Kth-j-I-\mb H. Comes s hnhm-Z-]-c-amb teJ\w Zn tXmtam]o-Unb F {K-n s{]m^. ta\m-tcn FSpp tNn-p-v. tIc-fnse Ncn-{X-hn-Zymn-Ip Cu teJ\w ]e ]pXnb hnm-\hpw ]Ip-X-cp-p-v. kXy-k--\mb Ncn{X Kth-j-I F \ne-bvv s{]m^. ta\m-tcn-bpsS {]tXyI hyn-Xz-ns apJ-ap-{Z-bm-Wn-Xv. Hcp hnj-b-s-pdnv Inm-hp-n-S-tmfw hyXy-kvX-amb hnh-c- t]mepw Isn AsXmw hmb-\-m-cs apn Ah-X-cn-n-m s{]m^. ta\m-tcn ImWn B-ht_m-[s F{X {]iw-kn-mepw aXn-bm-hp-Ibn-. Ncn{X- I m- c s [- a - X m- W v. CXm temIp ]cp InS- p hyXyfmb tcJ-I, hmbn-q, ]Tn-q, Fnv Xm A`n-{]mbw cq]o-Icn-q FmWv s{]m^. ta\m-tcn ]d-bp-Xv. ta\m-t-cnsb alm\mb Ncn-{X-K-th-j-\-I-\mn amp-Xv AXyw kXy-k--amb kao]-\-am-Wv. kp{]kn Bwtm-Cy Ncn-{X-Im-c\mb ]n. tXmakv hnZym-`ymk - hnZ-Kv[\mb F.-Fw. ss]en, Nn-I-\mb tPmk^v sImsf-m-S, _lp. In-\m hn hnX-b-n, `mjm-]-WvUn-X-\mb Sn.-Fw. -Npm XpS-n-b-hcpsSsbmw kpNn-n-X--fmb A`n-{]m-b-sf Cu {K-n ]Im s{]m^. ta\m-t-cnp Ign-n-cn-p-p. {_nojv `cWw Cy-bn hcp-Xn\v F{Xtbm apv Xs skbn v tXma-kns hc-hn-\ptijw `mc-Xob Pohn-Xn\pw tIcf kwkvIm-cn\pw Dmb am-f ]n. tXmakv hne-bn-cp-p-p-v. sk v tXmakv Hmw \qmn ChnsS hp-sh-pw, Atlw tIc-fob kaq-l-ns kvt\lmZ-cv ]m{Xo`qX-\m-sbpw ss{IkvXh Nn-I {_no-jp-Im hcp63

-Xn\v apv Xs ChnsS kzm[o\w sNep-n-bn-cp-p-shpw ]n. tXmakv hy-am-p-p. sk v tXma-kns tIcf ki-\-n-sbpw XpSp-mb hn]pe-amb aX-]-cn-h-\-n-sbpw kXy- Cu teJ-\--fn IqSn hmb-\m-c\v e`n-p-p. tIcf Ncn-{X-nse Ccw kw`-hsf kXyk--ambn hni-Zo-I-cn-m Ncn-{X-K-th-j-I-\mb s{]m^. ta\m-t-cnp Ign-n-cn-p-p. Ncn-{X-hn-Zymn-I Xo-bmbpw s{]m^. tPmv ta\m-t-cn-tbmSv IS-s-n-cn-pp F-XmWv kXyw. ]WvUn-X\mb s{]m^. ta\m-tcn Ctm tIcf Ncn-{Xhpw kwkvmchpw {InkvXy Ie-Ifpw inev]-Ifpw tIc-f-N-cn-{Xhpw Fo hnj-b-fn Kth-j-Ww \Sn sImn-cn-bmWv. _mwq [mcman Kth-j-W-hn-Zymn-bmbn {]hn-p-h-cp-p. tZio-bAtZ-iob Xe-fn hnZym-`ym-kw, Ncn-{Xw, k`m-Ncn-{Xw, - - Fo hnj-b--fn-ep \nc-h[n skan-\m-dp-I-fn Kth-j-W-{]-_- Ah-X-cn-n-n-p s{]m^. ta\m-tcn ]Xn-\-tmfw ayqkn-b-fpw, -F-Ivkn-_n-j-\p-Ifpw kwL-Sn-n-p--Xn\mbn t\XrXzw \In-bnp-v. 1964-72 Ime-fn Im-enIv \yqa Atm-kn-tb-js tZiob {]kn-mbn tkh\w \S-n-bn-p-v. Ccp-]-n-aq-tmfw hntZi cmPy-fn ]cy-S\w \S-n-bn-p kp{]-kn Ncn{XImc-\mb s{]m^. tPmv ta\m-t-cnsb \nc-h-[n hntZi k-I-em-im-e-I Kth-j-W{]-kw-K- Ah-X-cn-n-m-\mbn Wn-n-p-v. Ctm- hn]p-e-amb Hcp Cy {InkvXy ayqknbw ]Wn-Xp-bm-\p hn {]h\-n-emWv s{]m^k Gs-n-cn-p--Xv. AtXm-sSmw {InkvXy Fssk-tm-]o-Unb Nv lndn mknIvkv Fo cv hntizm--c{K---fpsS cN-\-bnepw s{]m^. tPmv ta\m-tcn apgp-In-bn-cn-pp. tIcf k`-bpsS Ncn{X Kth-j-W-n Aaq-ey-amb kw`m-h-\-I \Inb Ncn{X Nn-I\pw alm-\mb Aym-]I\p-amb s{]m^. tPmv - ta\m-t-cnsb At-lns k]vXXn BtLm-jth-fbn sjh-en-bm ]Zhn \In BZ-cn-m k` Xm-dm-bXv HuNn-Xy-]q-amb \smcp \S-]-Sn-bmbn F Imcy-n kwi-b-an-. kmwkvm-cnI tIc-fw, s{]m^. tPmv ta\m-t-cnsb Cu A\-izcamb m\-e-_v[n-bn A\p-tam-Zn-p-Ibpw B ]-WvUnX t{ijvT\v k]vXXn awKfw t\cp-Ibpw sNp-p.

64

65

Ams ihkwkvImcn\v apv 1934

them-bp-[ ]Wn--tcn

kulr-Z-ns kpKw

At\ym\yw Adn-bp-am-bn-cp-p-sh-nepw s{]m^. ta\m-t-cn-bp-sSbpw Fsbpw lrZ-b- Xn ASp-Xv Fgp-]-Xp-I-fn Bn-tbm-fPn-bpsS tv AUvssh-kdn t_mUn Hnv {]hn-p-hm-\p-A-h-kcw e`n--tm-gm-Wv. Ccp-hcpw Xriq Pn-bn \np--h-cm-bncp--Xn-\mepw ssIImcywsNbvXn-cp hnj-b- At\ym\yw Xmev]cy-ap-Xm-bn-cp-Xn-\mepw Rv Ah-Xcn-n-m-\p hnj-bv kam-\XIfp-m-bn-cp-Xn-\mepw kzm`m-hn-Iambpw R IqSp-X ASp- - p. Iqmbn Btem-Nn-Xn-\pv tijta Hmtcm hnj-bhpw R tbmKn Ah-X-cn-n-n-cp-p-p. tUm. Fw.-Pn.-Fkv. \mcm-b-W, tUm. Sn.sI. cho-{, tUm. tPm HmXp-cpv Fn-h-cm-bn-cpp D]-tZ-i-Ik-an-Xn-bnse av AwK-. As Bn-tbm-fPn hIp-ns Ub-d-IvS hyn-]-c-ambn \ a\p-jy-\m-bn-cp-p-sh-nepw ]pcm-X-Xz-Im-cy--fn th{X Ah-Km-ltam, Xmev]-cytam D hyn-bm-bn-cp-n-. Bn-tbm-f-Pn-bpsS hn]pe-amb kmy-XIsf-p-dnpw Ncn{X cN-\bvv AXv GsXmw Xc-n - klm-b-I-amIpw F-Xn-s\-p-dnpw henb ]nSn-]m-sSmpw Dm-bn-cpn At-l-n-\v. F-s\tbm hgn- sXn h-XmWv B m\-v. AXn-\m Cu Unmp-san Imcy--a-amb {]h-\--sfmpw \S-n-cp-n-. Cu ZpnXn amn-sb-Sp-m R Iqmbn BtemNnv ]pcm-X-Xz-h-Ip-n\v Hcp {]h-\-tcJ Xm-dm-n. DSs\ \S-mt-Xpw ZoL-Im-em-Sn-m-\-n \S-m-t-Xpw F coXn-bn AXv cmbn Xncn-p. hIpp a{n AyX hln tbmK-n B tcJ Ah-X-cn-nv AwKo-I-cn-n-m Ign-Xnepw ]nevme{]h\-v AsXmcp am-tc-J-bmbn kzoI-cnv {]h-\- aptmp- sIm-p-t]m-b-Xnepw Rv Nmcn-Xmy-ap-v. imkv{Xo-b-amb Ncn-{X-c-N-\bvv klm-b-I-amb hf-sc-tbsd D]-Zm66

\- an-\-Sn-bnepw sh-nepw ad-p -In-S-p-p-spw Ahsbmw imkv{Xo-b-ambn DJ-\\w \Sn ]pd-s-Spv A]-{K-Y\w \S-n-bmte bYm-Nn{Xw e`n-qshpw Imcy-Im-cWklnXw Hmtcm - - tbmK-nepw s{]m^. ta\m-tcn Hm-s-Sp-n-sm-n-cp-p. kzImcy-hy-n-IfpsS AXymn-aq-ehpw Adn-hn-m-bvaaq-ehpw A]q-fmb ]e Ncn{Xey-fpw kvamc-I-fpw Zn\w-{]Xn \in-p-sIm-n-cn-p-Ibm-sWpw Ah kwc-n-m ASn-b-nc\S-]-Sn-I kzoI-cn--Wsapw Atlw A`yn-p-sIm-n-cp-p. kwc-Ww Aln-p Acw Ncn{Xkvamc-I--fpsS \o ]n-I-Xs Atlw lmP-cm-nbn-cp-p. AXn ASn-b-nc{i Aln-p--hsb {]tXyIw Nqnm-Wn-n-cp-p. D]-tZ-iI kanXn tbmK--fn Rm D-bn-n-cp {]iv\-v Dd ]npW At-lw \In-bn-cpp. Av G ev XIp InS-p tNp-hbnse Up tIm-bpsS Ah-in-jvS, A[n-Ir-XcpsS A\m--aq-ehpw \mp-Im-cpsS AXymn-aq-ehpw \jvS-s-p-sIm-n-cnp Zpn-Xnv DS-\Sn ]cn-lm-c-ap-m-m Rm Ah-X-cn-n {]tab-n-\v, s{]m^-k i-amb ]npW \In kwkm-cn-Xpw, kXzc\S]-Sn-Iv a{n D-c-hn-Xpw Fs Hm-bn HmSn-sb-p-p. As\ ]e-Xpw. BtKmf {]i-kvXn-bmn Ncn-{X-Im-cs\ bmsXmcp Xe-\hpw At-l-n-\n-. s{]m^. tPmv ta\m-t-cn-bp-ambn GXm\pw aWnq-dp-I kwkm-cn-m, hen-sbmcp d^-dkv sse{_-dn-bn amk-tfmfw sNe-h-gn-mt]mepw e`n-m-{X Adn-hp-I \apv ssIhcpw. F{X Xnc-p-In-S-bnepw kwi-b-\n-hm-c-W-n-\mbn hcp Ncn{Xm-t\z-j-Isc Atlw Hcn-epw \ncm-i-cm-m-dn-. {]K`-\mb Hcym-]-Is A]-{K-Y-\-]m-S-h-tmsS Fm kwi-b-fpw Atlw ZpcoI-cn-p-sIm-Sp-pw. s{]m^. tPmv ta\m-tcn ssIImcywsNbvXn-p hnj-b--fpsS sshhn-yhpw kw`m-h\sNbvXn-p {K--fpsS ssh]p-eyhpw B[nIm-cn-IXbpw ]cn-KWn-p-tm CsXmw Hcp hynv Hbvv sNm Ign-bptamsbv Ap-X-s-p-t]m-Ipw. F{X Kl-\-amb hnj-bhpw AXym-Ij-I-ambn Ah-X-cn-n-m-\p At-l-ns Ignhv Akq-bmh-l-am-Wv. oWnm a\o-jbpw ajn-bp-Wn-Sm s]mt]\-bp-ambn `mcX-k-`-bp-sSbpw tIcfk`-bp-sSbpw Adn-b-s-Sm tImWp-I-fn-tebvv kXy-ns t\sh-fnw ImWn-m k]vX-Xn-bnepw AoWw {]bXv\n-p Fs {]nb kplr-n\v Bbncw {]Wm-a-.

67

tPmk^v aqten

tPmv ta\m-tcn; hn\-b-]m-n-Xy--fpsS kl-Nmcn

kw]q-Py-\mb tam. k-dn-bmkv hmgn-n-n-bpsS tPyjvTktlmZ-c _lp-am-\y-\mb ap Xriq sU]yqnIf-IvS {io. hn.-]n. tPmv AhI-fpsS ]p{Xn amKnbpw Xriq sk v tXmakv tImsfPv {]^-k {io. tPmv ta\m-t-cnbpw Xn-ep hnhmlw kaw-Kfw \S--tXmsS-bmWv Rm {io. ta\m-t-cnsb BZy-ambn ImWp-Xpw ASp--dnbp--Xpw. _lp-am-\-s k-dn-bm-k--sbpw kvt\l-ap tPmv tN- s bpw ]pth- e n- - c - b nse Xd- h mv hk- X n- b psS ASp Abhm-knbpw AI _p-hp-amWv Rm. AXp-sImv {io ta\mt-cn-bp-ambn IqSp-X ]cn-N-b-s-Sm-\pw, At-l-ns k`m--km-aq-l{]h\fp-ambn CS-]-g-Im\pw Ign-p. IqSmsX, 1952 apX Im \qmv Imew ^mZ hS-s {]m-\fp-ambn _-sv {]hn- m Ign--Xn-eqsS Xriq ]-W-hp-ambn IqSp-X _-s-Sp-hm km[n-Xp-sImv {io ta\m-t-cn-bp-ambn henb tXmXn kulrZw ]nSp-hm\pw F\np Ign-n-p-v. ss{IkvXh Ncn{X ]T\ hni-I-e\ cN\ {]km-[\taJ-e-Ifnse AZzn-Xob kmn-y-ambn {io ta\m-t-cn-bpsS hynXzw CXn\Iw hfp ]Sp ]enn-cn-p ImgvN-bmWv \apv Cv ImWm km[n-p--Xv. hnti-jnv, \{kmWn {InkvXym-\n-IfpsS Ncn{X- ] - c - a mb An- X zs tNmZywsNp Nne kwL- S nX \osXnsc At- l - ns kw`m- h - \ - I v tIc- f - nse \{kmWnkaqlw A{X-am{Xw At-l-tmSv IS-s-n-cn-pp FXv Hcp \nkvXhkvXp-X-bm-Wv. ta ]-d ss{IkvXhNcn-{X-ta-J-e-bnse {io ta\m-tcnbpsS kw`m-h-\-I, AXns ]T-\-k-ao-]-\--fpsS imkv{Xo-b-X-sIm-pw, kXy-k--X-sImpw tIc-f-ns AYhm `mc-X-ns skp-e Ncn-{X-ta-J-ebv-p-Xs CuSp apXIq-mbn hcpw-Ime]Tn-Xm-fpw
68

Nn-Icpw Gp-hmpw FXv Ahn-Xn-Xam-Wv. {io ta\m-t-cn-bpsS Ncn{Xkw`m-h\IfpsS Bg-n-ep hni-Ie\w Cu sNdp-te-J\ns - - - ey-a Fp--Xp-sImv AXn-tebv-smpw IS-p-n-. asm-p-Xv, Xmc-Xtay\ Ncn-{Xm-t\z-jWn-epw, Ncn{X]T\ Kth- j-W-nepw Xmev]-cy-p-dhv ImWn-p hS- Xncp-hn-Xmw-Iq-dp-Imcmb \{km-Wn-Iv Am-cy-n Hcp khn-ti-j-amb {]tNm-Z\w \In DWp--Xn {io ta\m-tcn ImWn HupIyw FSpp ]d-b---XmWv Fp--Xm-Wv. \psS ]pXp-X-e-ap-d-bpsS a\-p-Ifn Ncn-{Xm-h-t_m-[-ns Nne Xosm-cn-I hnX-dm At-l-ns {]Xn-`m-]q-amb {]b-Xv\-m-bn-p-v FXv Hcp henb kXy-amWv. B Xosm-cn-I Xo-- BIp-Xv A\XnhnZq-c-`m-hn-bn \n-b-ambpw \apv ImWp-hm km[npw Fv \ymb-ambpw {]Xnn-mw. CXn-s\-m-ap-]cn, {io ta\m-t-cn-bp-am-bp k-n sXfn-pIm-Wp Hcp {]tXy-I-X, At-l-ns Ipeo-\-amb hn\-bhpw emfnXy-hp-am-Wv. ]mn-Xy-ns ]c-tIm-Sn-bn \np-tm-gpw, {]i-kvXnbpsS ]mc-ay-n \np-tm-gpw, k`m-kqcn-I-fpsS kman-]y-n-em-bncn-p-tmgpw Xd-hm-Snw F ]Z-ns ka-kvXm-fpw A\z-am-p Hcp Znhykmayw At-ls Xgp-In-sbm-gp-Ipp FXv s{]m^-ksd hyXy-kvX-\m-p {]Xn-`-bpsS {]`bpw ]cn-thjhp-am-Wv. s{]m^-k-dpsS kl-[n-Wn-bmb amKn-bpsS Xd-hm-p-tZiw F \ne-bn At-ln\p ]pth-en-cbp-am-bp-mb ASpw R - ]pth-en--c-msc Hcp-]mSv hfn-bn-pv F-Xp-t]mse B _w At-l-sbpw \sm-c-f-hn hfn-bn-pv Fm-Wv Fs A`n-{]m-bw. kw]q-Py-\mb k-dn-bm-ks A\p-{K-lhpw At-ln\v Bthm-f-apv Fp hniz-kn-p--h-\mWv Rm. BZ-c-Wo-b-\mb s{]m^-k tPmv ta\m-t-cn-bp-ambn _-sSp--hm Cu ASp- -Im-ev, ]m-LmXw hv ]qhn{i-a-n-em-bXp-aqew, F\np Imcy-ambn km[n-m-dn- FXv hnj-a-P-\y-amb Hcp Imcy-am-Wv. Fnepw, aI Ft{^w At-l-hp-ambn ]e kml-N-cy-fnepw Hcp-an-m-dpv Fp--Xpw, Gsd _lp-am-\m-Z-c-hp-I-tfmsS Atl-s-p-dnv kwkm-cn-m-dp-Xpw F\nv ktmjw Xcp Imcyam-Wv. Fs s]mXp{]h\taJ-e-Ifnepw, asm cwK--fnepw {io ta\m-tcn Xn-p ]np-Wbpw kl-I-c-Whpw, \nd \n-tbmsS Rm Hmp-p. ssIsImv Fgp-Xm-\m-hm-XvsImv aI Ft{^amWv F\n-p-thn CXp Ipdn-p--Xv.
69

k]vXXn-bpsS ktm-jn-tebvv kwXr-]vXn-tbmsS {]th-in-m {]^-k ta\m-t-cnv km[n--s-sb-pw, Bbp-cm-tcmKyk--XtbmsS k]vXn-bn\nv iXm-`n-jn-n-bn-tebvpw \h-Xn-bn-tebvpw k-i hgn-\Ss-sbpw, Hw k`-bpsS A`n-am\X\-b F - - \ne-bn Hcp sjh-en-b m\w At-l-n\p Ic-K-X-am-I-s-sbpw {]m-\m-]qw Biw-kn-p-p.

]gb sF^ _pIvkv sInSw

]nXmhv C.Sn. tPmk^v apssIsSpv m]n Atcn klIcW _mv

Hqcnse ]nXrKrlw

70

tUm. tXmfq iin-[-c

s{]m^. tPmv ta\m-t-cnbpsS Pohn-X-ZuXyw

kzImcy tImsfPv Aym-]I {]m-\-amb F.-sI.-]n.-kn.-Sn.-F-bpsS {]h-I-sc \ne-bn-emWv s{]m^. tPmv ta\m-t-cnbpw Rm\pw ]c-kv]cw ]cn-N-b-s-Sp-Xpw Ign 30 hj-m-e-ambn kulrZw ]n-Sp-Xpw. \mnI Fkv. F. tImsf-Pnse F.-sI.-]n.-kn.-Sn.-F- bqWnv sk{I--dnbpw XpSv cp- hjw Xriq Pnm {]kn-U-p-am-bn-cp F\nv ta\m-t-cn-bp-ambn \ _w ]pem Ign-n-cp-p. F.-sI.-]n.-kn.-Sn.-F- {]h-\v \ ]npW s{]m^. tPmv ta\m-t-cnbpw At-l-n t\Xr-Xz-n-ep-m-bn-cp sk v tXmakv tImsfPv m^v Atm-kn-tb-j\pw (F.-sI.-]n.-kn.-Sn.-F- bqWnv) \In hn-cp-p. tv Iukn tbmK-v Fd-Wm-Ip-f-tbvv R ]e-tmgpw Hcp-an-mWv t]mbn-hn-cp-Xv. kw`m-jWNmXpcyw thp-thm-f-ap- ta\m-t-cn- Cwo-jnse \- ]eXpw ]p\-cm-hnjv-cnp Rsf ckn-n-n-cp-p. XpSv Rm F.-sI.-]n.-kn.-Sn.-F- kwm\ sk{I--dn-bmbn Xncs-Sp--s-p. AtXm-sSmw Rm tImgn-tmSv k-I-em-ime taJe-bnse F.-sI.-]n.-kn.-Sn.-F- bqWn-p-I-fpsS In-n-bpsS sk{I--dn-bp-ambn-cp-p. Am-ev tImgn-tmSv k-I-em-im-e-bpsS mNyq-dn ^n\mkv In-n-bn-te-bvp Xnc-s-Sp-p -h-p. bqWn-th-gvknn knUn-tp Ign-m {]m[m-\y-ap In-n. AXn t\m-an-p-sImv ]ecpw Fs ]npW tXSn-bn-cp-p. Rm\pw Pnm sk{I--dn-bm-bn-cp s{]m^. Fw. sI. ]-\m-`\pw (sk v tXmakv tImsf-Pnse ^nknIvkv s{]m^-k) Hcp-anp\np-sImp {]hn--Xn-\m ta\m-t-cn-bpsS m\mnXzw Dd-m-m F\np km[n-p. AXn-\m-hiy-amb InS-]m-Sp-I kwm-\-X-e-n \S-n-bXpw RmXsbmbn-cp-p. I-Ip-i-e-\mb s{]m^. ta\m-t-cn-bpsS {]h\w At-l-n\p

71

A\m-bm-k-hn-Pbw t\Sn-sm-Sp-p. k-I-em-ime sk\-ns {]Xn\n-[n-bm-bn-m-W-tlw Xnc-s-Sp--s--Xv. sk\-nepw At-l-ns {]h\w kv X pXyl- a m- b n- c p- p. ]noSv cp XhW Rm kwm\ sshkv {]kn-U-m-b-tmgpw {Sj-d-dm-b-tm-gp-sams Fs kwL-S\m{]h-\v h]n-p-WbmWv s{]m^. tPmv ta\mt-cn-bpw, sk v tXmakv tImsf-Pv Aym-]-Icpw F\np \In-bn-cp-Xv. sk\v sam\w Ah-km-\n--tXmsS kwL-S-\m-{]-h\w Atlw Ipd--Xm-bmWv I-Xv. IqSp-X kabw Ncn-{X-n-\p-th-nbmWv Cwojv Aym-]-I-\mb ta\m-tcn \on-sh--Xv. sk v tXmakv Fssk-tm-]o-Unb Hm^v Cy-bpsS hmeyw II BWv ta\m-tcn BZyw {]kn-o-Icn-Xv. temI-{]-kn-amb Fssk- tm-]o-Unb {_nm-Wn XpS-nb d^-dkv {K--fpsS {]kn-o-IcWw \qdp-IWn\p ^pssSw ]nX-m ITn-\ambn Azm-\n-mWv - \n-ln-p--Xv. A-s\-bp 3 hmey- Hbvv Hcp Xm]-k-s\t]mse kzw PohnXw ]W-bw-sh-mWv Atlw {]kn-o-I-cn--Xv. Itm-en k`-bpsS ]np-Wbpw t{]mm-l\hpw Ah-km-\Ln - - tXSn h-Xn-\m Atlw km-n-I-ambn XIn-sp am{Xw. B taJ-e-bn Hcp]t hnm\w ae-bmfw Fssk-tm-]o-Unb FUn-dm-bn-cp amXyp Fw. Ipgn-then km Ign-m AXn-Im-b-\mbn \ne\np-Xv ta\m-tcn am{X-am-Wv. Akq-bml-amb Hcp Din-c hnPb-amWv {InkvXy Fssk-tm-]o-UnbbpsS {]kn-o-I-c-Ww. AXn-\nsS ae-bm-f at\m-cabpsS {]Xn-\n-[n-bmbn tPm t]m cm- - a amm--bpsS m\m-tcm-lWw dntmpsNm tdman-se-nb ta\m-t-cnv Xs IrXnv Bh-iy-amb hn`-h tiJ-cn-m\pw sXpI Hgn-hm-m\pw Ign-Xpw {K-n\p ]cn-ip ]nXm-hns A\p{Klw t\Sm Ign-Xpw `mKy-am-bn. AXn-sbms hnP-b-ssh-P-bn-bmWv sjh-en-bm ]Zhn At-ls tXSn-sb-n-b-Xv. Hcp Ncn-{X-Im-c-s\ \ne-bn At-ls hne-bn-cp-p-hm F\np `mKy-ap-m-bn-p-v. AXn\v F\np Al-X-bp-s-mWv Rm Icp-Xp-Xv. 32 hj-mew Ncn{X Aym-]I\mbn hnhn[ Fkv. - F. tImsf-Pp-I-fn Rm {]hn-p. Hcp lndn s{]m^-kv Inm-hp Ghpw {][m-\-s AwKo-Im-c--fn-semv Xs k-I-emim-e-bnse t_mUv Hm^v Uokv AwK-Xzhpw sNbam m\-hp-amWv. km[m-c-W-bmbn cp tSw am{Xsa \nb-a\w Inm-dp-p. ]t F\nv XpS-bmbn Ap -X-hW tImgn-tmSv k-I-em-ime t_mUv Hm^v Uokv (bq.-Pn.) (X-Sp-bmbn 15 hjw) AwK-am-bn72

cn-m `mKyw knn-p. Amw tSan t_mUv sNbam-\mbpw Rm {]hn-p. AtXmsS t_mUv Hm^v Uokv (]n. Pn.) bnepw AwKXzw e`n-p. Ncn-{X-hn-`m-K-ns {]Xn-\n-[n-bmbn 15 hjw lyqam-\n-nkv ^mn-bnepw AwK-ambn. ]noSv sk\-nepw AwK-am-b-tmgpw ta\mtcn amjv F\nv Hcp in-kvXw-`-am-bn-cp-p. Ncn-{X-n, {]tXyInv ]pcp-hkvXpimkv{Xw (Bn-tbm-f-Pn), inev]-hnZy (Sculpture), \mW-b-imkv{Xw (Numismatics) Fn-h-bn-sems, ta\m-t-cnv Adnhpw Xmev]-cy-hp-ap-v. tIc-fob ]n--e-I-fpsS BZys kq{X-[m-c t_mws_ kI-em-im-ebn Aym-]I\m-bn-cp kvs]bnImc-\mb dh. ^m. sldm- km-Wv. Cs ]e Itm-en ]n-I-fpsS Am-cIfpw apw skvsNbvXXv At-l-am-bn-cp-p. \psS \mpIm-cmb Bim-cn-amsc t_mws_-bn sImp-t]m-bmWv hnip--m-cpsS sNdnb {]Xn-a-I sldmkv Xm-dm-n-bXv Fv At-l-s-Ip-dnv Rm Xm-dm-nb tamtWm-{Km-^n hnh-cn-n-p-v. Itm-en ]ptcm-ln-X-m-cpsS `mcX-h-c-W-n sldmkv hln ]pw FSpp ]d-tb--Xm-Wv. dh. sldm-kns {]h-\--tfmSv InS-]n-Sn-p {]h\w ImgvNsh-bvp-hm s{]m^. ta\m-t-cnbvp Ign-n-p-sp kmys-Sp-p-hm F\np Hpw Btem-Nn-t--Xn-. F{X-sb{X {]Zi-\--fmWv Atlw Xriq cp]-X-bvp-thn kwL-Sn-n--sX--Xn\v Ipw IW-p-an-. Xriq-cn tNcp an Ncn{X-sk-an-\m-dp-I-fp-sSbpw {]Zi-\--fp-sSbpw apJykwLm-S-\-I ta\mt-cn-bm-Wv. sk v tacokv tImsf-Pn Hcp hj-mew \op-\n Ncn{X skan\m-dp-I-fnepw At-l-ns ]pv FSpp ]d-tb--Xm-Wv. At-lns \ntiw am\nv B skan-\m-dn Hcp {]_w Rm\-h-X-cn-nXv Ncn-{X-Im-c-m-cpsS A`n-\--\-p ]m{X-ambn. tIc-f-nse {InkvXp-a-X-hp-ambn _-s ]pcm-X\ enJn-X-fpw tcJ-Ifpw FXm-bn-cpp Rm\-hXcn-n kmam\yw ZoL-amb t]. B cwK-mWv - ta\m-tcn Xs Ign-hp-I sXfn-bn--Xv. k hneyw tPmkmWv CtUm-f-Pn-bpsS ]nXm-hv. CtUmBwnb kmln-Xy-n\v ASn--d-bn {_no-jvIm-c-\mb hneyw tPmks\-p-dnv Rm cNn tamtWm-{Km-^n Cy kwkvm-c-n-\p At-l-ns kw`m-h-\-I hni-Zo-I-cn-n-p-v. 49mw hb-n Acn hneyw tPmkpw At-l-ns t\Xr-Xz-n {]hn-n-cp tdmb Gjym-nIv skmssk-n- (I-) bpw Cm-bn-cp-s-n ImfnZm-ks A`n-m\ imIp--f--a-Sw \qdp-I-W-n\p IrXn-I
73

NnXcm--k\v Blm-c-am-Ip-am-bn-cp-p.hneyw tPmkns ]mX-bn aptm-p- t]mb dh. ^mZ sldmkv hnP-b-\-Kc km{am-Py-s--nbpw knp kwkvm-c-nse ap{Z-I-sf--n-bp-ap Kth-j-W-cw-Kv Xs hyn-ap{Z ]Xn-n-p. Chsmw ka-ioj-amb {]h\w s{]m^. tPmv ta\m-t-cnbpw \n-ln-p. tIc-fnse {InkvXy kwkvmc-s-n ae-bm-f-n {]tXy-I-ambn HXp-n-q-Sn-sbp am{Xw. ]n--e-Ifpw apw F s{]m^. ta\m-tcnbpsS IrXn At-lns ssIsm-tmsS Fs tiJ-c-n-ep-v. ]e {]kn-o-I-c-W-fn h teJ-\ AXn Dsm-n-n-cn-p-p. AXnse kwkmcn-p ]n-p-h-cp-I F teJ\w tIcfNcn-{X-nse ASn-th-cpI-fn-tebvv \s \bn-p-p. tIc-f-nse inev]- F teJ\hpw FSp-p-]-d-tb--Xm-Wv. [mcmfw Nn{X- AXn-ep-v. {][m-\ambn Ipcn-ip-Ifpw amtam-Zo-km-sm-n-Ifpw, Am-c-I-fpw, ]Sn-p-c-hmXn-epIfpw, tas-n-Ifpw hnf-p-Ifpw AXn Nn{Xo-I-cn-n-cn-p-p. Hcp-]t ae-bm-f-n BZy-s {]Zi-\-h-kvXp-sfn-bp hnhc-Wm-I {]Xn-]m-Z-\-ap IrXn AXm-bn-cn-m kmy-X-bp-v. s{]m^. ta\m-t-cn-bp-sS {]h-\--fpsS Ghpw hen-b -t\w Xriq-cnse Itm-en--scbpw sshZn-I-t{i-jvT-scbpw Ncn-{Xm-kzm-Z-Icmn amn-sb--Xm-Wv. Itm-en--k` Ncn-{Xs hf-sm-Sn-p-pshp Nne ]d-bp-Xp tIm-dp-v. s{]m^. ta\m-t-cn-bp-sSbpw Xriq cq]-X-bp-sSbpw {]h\w B hnai-\-n\v Hc-]-hm-Z-am-Wv. kXy-k--amb coXn-bn Ncn{XcN\ \S-nbXnepw {InkvXy Ncn{X-hp-ambn _-s IrXn-Ifpw hkvXp--fp-sams IrXy-ambn kwcn-p--Xnepw AXn-cq-]X t\Snb hnP-bs A`n-\-n-m-Xn-cn-m Ign-bn-. AXn s{]m^. tPmv ta\m-tcn hln ]v FSpp ]d-tb--Xm-Wv. k]vXXn BtLm-jn-p s{]m^. ta\m-t-cnbvv Fs A`n-\--\-fpw Biw-k-I-fpw.

74

s{]m^. tPmv ta\m-tcn k-cn-p k`mhnm-\-tImiw

tUm. sNdn-bm Ip\n-b-tm-Sv

Ncn-{X-ns Xmfp-I-fn tcJ-s-Sp-t Hcp \maw s{]m^. tPmv ta\m-t-cn. AXpw, kph-en-]n-I-fns\ tcJ-s-Sp-t-Xv. Ncn-{X-n\p A\-izckw`m-h\ \In-bn-p Atlw k]vXXn-bn- Fn\np Cu Ah-k-c-n {]tXyIw kvacn-t-Xv `mc-X-k-`-bpsSXs IS-a-bm-Wv. Imc-Ww, At-l-ns kw`m-h-\-I `mc-X-k-`bvv F{Xtbm henb t\-amWv An-n-p--Xv. Htsd hj-p apv hyn-_amWv s{]m^. tPmv ta\m- t-cnsb Rm\p-ambn ASp-n-n-p--Xv. Av At-l-ns Nne IrXnI am{Xsa hmbn-n-n-m-bn-cp-p-p. ]no-Sv, tXmam-]o-Unb ]pd-ph--tm At-l-ns hyn-Xz-ns Bg--fn-tebvv Cd-n-st-Xv Bh-iy-ambn tXmn. tXmam-]o-Un-b-bpsS ]nn At-lns tNX\ Fp-am-{Xw {]hn-n-p-sp shdp-sX-bp Nnnp If-bm-\m-hn-. sk v tXmakv {InkvXy Fssk-tm-]o-Unb Hm^v Cy At-l-ns sXmn-bn Nmnb h-q-h Ime-n\v FSp-p-am-m-\m-hm--Xm-Wv. hniz-hn-m-\-tIm-i-ns Xm-sd-Sp-pI Hcp henb a\-ns hnl-K-ho--W-n-tebvp \s Iqn-smp-t]m-Ip-p. Hcp anm-an-\p-n-s\-n Nnn-p-tm, BIm-ins A\-Xbn-tebvv AXp ]mdn-tm-Ip-Xns Nn{Xw IuXp-IIcwXs- b-t? BIm-is kz-am-m-\mWv anm-an-\p-ns {ia-sa-ntem? kmKcw Hcp Nnangn-\p-n Hfn-n-m-\p {iawt]mse-bm-WsXp ]dtb--Xn--tm. a\p-jy tIhew anm-an-\p-m-sW-nepw Ccp-v anm-an-\p-n\p kqcy-tKm-fns m\-am-Wp-Xv. s{]m^. tPmv ta\m-t-cnsb anm-an-\p-n\v BIm-is kz-am-m km[n-psh-XmWv FSp-p-]-d-tb hkvXp-X. Htcm Imcyw {]Xn-]m-Zn-ptmgpw kpvaX At-l-ns {]Xn` Afp Ipdn-p-p. sXfn-hpI \nc-m\pw Nn{X- kwL-Sn-n-m\pw Ipd-sm-p-a At-l75

n\p Ign-n-p-Xv. Hcp henb {]m-\n\p km[n-m-hp ImcyamWv hyn-sb \ne-bn Atlw t\Sn-sb-Sp-n-p--sXv Xo. Cy Nv lndn mkn-Ivkv, Zo \{km-Wokv Fn-hbpw FSpp ]d-tb t\--fm-Wv. s{]m^. tPmv ta\m-t-cn t{kmX-m-Wv, shdpw tNme-b-. Fn\pw Atlw t{kmXv Is-m {ian-pIbpw sNp-p.- tI-c-f-k-`-bpsS Ccp-f-S taJ-e-I-fntebvv kmlkn-I-X-tbmsS CdnsNm\pw \nc-h[n Is--ep-I \S-m\pw At-l-n\p Ign-p-sh-Xp \nm-c-Im-cy-a-. hntZ-in-b tIc-f-n-se-m-dp-v s{]m^. tPmv ta\m-tcnsbt-Sn. Ah-dnbmw `mc-X-k-`-bpsS ss]Xr-Isn Adn-bW- s a- n At- l s sNp ImWmsX \nhr- n- b n- s - v . hnizmkss]Xr-I-ns Bg--fn-te-bvv C-d-n-s-v, Atlw ki-I FmtWm {]Xo-n-p--Xv, Ah-sbmw ]Ip-sIm-Sppp. Kth-jWat\m-`m-h-ap--ht ]pXp-Xmbn Fs-n-ep-sams Is-m-\m-hp. P-kn--amb Kth-j-W-a-t\m-`m-h-amWv s{]m^. tPmv ta\m-t-cnbvp-Xv. hyn-]-c-ambn At-l-hp-ambn _-s-Sm F\nv Htsd Ahk-c- e`n-n-p-v. tIc-fk` Ncn-{X-]-c-amb {]Zi-\-tfm skan\m-dp-Itfm kwL-Sn-n-p-tm-gmWv s{]m^. tPmv ta\m-t-cn Ahiy-L-S-I-a-sWp \apv a\-n-em-Ip-I. ssIb-bp klmbw sNm Atlw Ftmgpw k--\m-bn-cn-pw. A\p-`-h-m-\hpw {]mtbmKnIm\hpw At-l-n\p kz-am-Wv. Atlw Is-n-bn-p, Is-Sp-n-p kma-{Kn-Isf-n Ipe-jamb ]T\w \S-n-bnt ]pdw- tem-I-n\p Ah Atlw Imn-sm-Sp-q. AXp-sIm-p-X-s, AhbpsS B[n-Im-cn-I-X-sb-n \app kwi-bn-t-n-h-cn-I-bn-. skan\m-dp-I-fnepw {]Zi-\--fnepw hyn-]-c-ambn F\np a\-n-em-m Ign-n-p--XmWv Ch-sb-mw. hnfp \np {]Xn` sXfnhp \Ip Ah-kcamWv k]vXXn - ka-bw. AXp-sIm-v, s{]m^. tPmv ta\m-t-cnsb ASp--dn-bm B{K-ln-p--h B {]Xn`mhnemkw hy-am-p kma-{Kn-I-fntebvpXs {i Xncn-p-sap {]Xo-n-mw. Biw-k-I-fn apn-f-bmsX k]vXXn IqSp-X t\- ssIh-cn-m-\p ]mZ-]o-T-Iambnam{Xw ]cn-K-Wn-p-sIm--s!

76

s{]m^. tPmv ta\m-tcn Fs kl-]mTn kplrv

s{]m^. sI. Fw. tSmw

s{]m^. tPmv ta\m-tcn F Cu. sP. tPmv cp -hjw Fs kl-]m-Tnbpw Hcp hjw tImsfPv tapw Bbn-cp-p. GXmv Htc Ime-mWv tPmv sk v tXmakv tImsf-Pn Cwojv hn`m-Knepw Rm ss{Iv tImsf-Pn am-am-nIvkv hn`m-Knepw Aym]-I-cmbn tN-Xv. Xrn-\m-nn sk v tPmk^vkv tImsfPv Am-ev D-X-hnZym-`ymkw kz]v\w ImWp hnZymn-I-fpsS Bim-tI{w Bbn-cpp. cn-Xm- tPmns\ Hcp FPn-\n-b B-W-sa B{Kl-n KWn-Ximkv{Xw Ds-Sp Hmw {Kqn Xrn-\m-n-n-bn Cao-Un-b-n\p tNp. AtX- {Kq-n tN Rm\pw tPmns\ BZy-ambn Ip-ap-p-Xv 1953 Pq amk-n Bbn-cp-p. ASp-Sp mkv \-cp-I, kop-I, em_p-I-fn Htc tai, Xmakw Htc t_mUnMv lukn, Ah-[nbvv hon t]mIp-Xpw XncnsI hcpXpw Cs So KmU FIvkv{]v s{Sbn-\n CXm-bn-cpp cp hjs R-fpsS Xrn-\m-nn Pohn-Xw. C-s\-sbms Bbn-cp-s-n-epw, R-fpsS ]T-\-Xm-ev]-cy- hn`nZni-bn-em-bn-cp-p. tPmn\v KWn-X-n-tem, FPn-\n-b-dnwKnsem Bbn-cp-n A`n-cp-Nn. Atlw {]ikvX kmln-Xy-Im-cam-cpsS t\mh-ep-Ifpw ap-ambn Aen-p-tNv Cao-Un-bv ]qn-bm-n. As\ R 1955 ]ncn-p. XpSv Rm cp- hjw ]Tnv KWn-X-im-kv{X-n _ncpZw FSp-p. cp-hjw Aym-]-I-\mbn tPmensNbvXp. 1959 tImgntmSv tZh-Kncn tImsf-Pn Fw.-F-kv.knbvp tN Rm ss^\ Cb Bcw-`-n-emWv Fs kplr-ns\ hopw ImWp--Xv. IS-pt]mb Ap- hjs Ncn{Xw Rm tNmZnp a\-n-em-n.
77

Cao-Un-b-n\p Innb amp-sImv FPn-\n-b-dnw-Kn\v kov InmsX h-Xn-\m tPmns\ cn-Xm- _n.-F. am-am-n-Ivkn\p Xrn-\m-n-n-bn Xs tNp. amXvkv mp-I-fn A]q-am-bnam{Xw Ib-dn-bn-d-p tPmv AXn-\p- ]-Icw C-tWm-anIvkv mkpI-fn-emWv t]mbncp-Xv. Am-ev tImsf-Pn C-tWm-an-Ivkn\v ms-Sp-n-cp--h-cn {]ikvXhmnbpw ]mey-sa v AwK-hp-am-bn-cp s{]m^. tXmav {io\n-hm-k, s{]m^. Ccp-Zb kzman sdym XpSn ]ecpw Dm-bn-cpp. Ah-cpsS mkp-Ifpw Cwo-jn ^m. Sn. F skIyq-d-bpsS mkp-Ifpw Bbn-cpp tPmn\v BIj-Wo-bam-bn-cp--Xv. Ahn-Ss kw]p-jvS-amb tImsfPv sse{_-dn-bn-em-bncpp Atlw an ka-bhpw sNe-hn-n-cp-Xv. As\ cp hjs tImgvkv Ah-km-\n-p-tm aqm-w ]mv Fgp-XmsX tImsf-Pn\np ]ncn-tb-n-h-p. C-tWm-an-Ivkn Un{Kn FSp-Xv Xriq sk v tXmakv tImsf-Pn\nm-bn-cp-p. tZh-Kncn sk v tPmkv^vkv tImsf-Pn tPmv Fw. G. Cwojv Hmw hjhpw Rm Fw. Fkv kn. amXvkn\v cmw hjhpw ]Tn-ncptmgmWv hopw tImsfPv tavkv Bb-Xv. B sImw tPmv tImsfPv bqWn-b sNbam m\-n\v a-cn-p, ]noSv If-IvSdmb hnP-b-N-{-t\mSp Hcp-thm-n\v tXmp. Fw. G. ]T\w ]qn-bmn-bXv Xncp-h-\--]pcw bqWn-th-gvknn tImsf-Pn\np-am-bn-cp-p. {]nkn-m ^m. Xntbm-U-jykv At-l-n henb {]Xo--I-fmWv hp ]pen-bn-cp--Xv. sk v tXmakv tImsf-Pn Aym-]-I-\mbn tN-tXm-sS-bmWv tPmv Ncn-{X-n Kth-j-W-]-T-\- Bcw-`n--Xv. R Xn hopw ASp-p-Xv Imen-v bqWn-th-gvknn sk\v AwK- F \ne-bn-em-bn-cp-p. cp hn`n Aym]IkwL-S\Isf-bmWv R AhnsS {]Xn-\n-[n-Icn-Xv. \mep- hjw - - - B _w XpSp. FhnsS Bbn-cp-mepw Xs kmnyw Adn-b-s-Sp-Ibpw AwKoI-cn--s-Sp-Ibpw sNp Hcp hyn-Xz-ns DS-a-bm-bn-cpp ta\mt-cn. ]T-\--fn cn-Xm--fp-sS-tbm, kl-]m-Tn-I-fp-sStbm t{]c-Wbvp- h-g-msX kzw A`n-cpNn hfn-sb-Spv aptmp \on-bncp tPmv s]cp-am--nepw ]T\coXn-bnepw Xs hynXzw \ne\nn-bn-cp--Xp-sIm-m-bn-cn-Ww Cao-Un-b-n\p ]Tn-p-tm kl-]m-Tn-Ifmb R At-ln\v hv F t] \In-bXv. cnXm- ImWnpsImSp FPn-\n-b-dn-ns hgn-I Xn--fv {]ikvX kmln-Xy-Im-camcpsS {K-fpw Cwojv kmln-Xyhpw ]nXp-Sv Xs hyn-Xz-n Dun sshIn-am{Xw Xs FIvk78

{Sn-knnv HXp-m ]Tn-v, ey-n-tebvv IpXn-p-sIm-n-cp--tm, Cp ImWp Hcp {K-Im-hv, Hcp Ncn-{X-Im-c Fo \ne-I-fntebvv Fp-sav hv Fp t]cn kl-]m-Tn-I-fmb R-fn ]ecpw Icp-Xn-bn-, Bym-]-I-cpsS ap Nne At-ls Po\nbvv BbmWv Icp-Xn-b-Xv. sIankv{Sn s{]m^-k cma-Ir-jvW Atls mkn ^ntem-k-^v FmWv hnfn-n-cp--Xv. Xs P-hmk-\sb {]Xn-Iq-e-km-l-N-cy--fnepw kzw {]b-Xv\w-sImv hfn hep-Xmn hen-b-hm-bn-o tPmn\v Cu kl-]m-Tn-bpsS Bbn-cam-bncw Biw-k-I! Btcm-Ky-]q-amb, ktm-j-I-c-amb IpSpw-_Po-hn-Xhpw Hcp _pn-Po-hn-bpsS {Ia-amb {]h-\-]p-tcm-K-Xnbpw hn\b-]qw t\p-sIm-p-p.

Atacnbnse kzoIcWw 2005

IpSpw_ktaXw K^n 2003

79

tUm. tPmv Ccp-bw

s{]m^-k tPmv ta\m-t-cn- Nne Hm-I

Xncp-h-\--]pcw bqWn-th-gvknn tImsf-Pn 1961 - 62 Imev Fw. G.bvp ]Tn-p-tm-gmWv tPmv ta\m-t-cnsb Rm ]cn-N-b-s-Xv. tPmv Cwojv Fw.-G.bvpw Rm ae-bmfw Fw.-G.-bvp-am-bncp-Xn-\m A[nIw ASp-m Ah-kcap-m-bn-cp-n-. {][m\ tdmUn- \-p-dhpw Cp-d-hp-ap sIn-S--fn-em-bn-cpp R-fpsS mkp-I. tlm-en hv h-tmgpsams ImWp-am-bn-cp-p. _lp-Im-cy-hy-{K\mbn \S-p tPmn-s\-bmWv Fs Hm-bn-ep--Xv. Fw. G. {]ohn-bkv Ignv ss^\-en\v Rm Fd-Wm-Ipfw alm-cm-Pm-kn-tep t]mp. tPmv Ahn-sS-s Fw. G. Ignv Xriq sk v tXmakn Aym-]I\mbn tNp. Rm\m-Is, BZyw tXh-cbnepw ]noSv - Xncp-h\]pcw sk v tkthy-gvknepw A\-cw Kh. tImsf-Pn-ep-ambn - - tPmen sNbvXp. tPmns Kth- j W]T- \ - , hnti- j npw amtmm {InkvXym-\n-I-fpsS Ncn-{Xw, Ie-I, hmkvXp-inev]w XpS-n-b-h-sb-pdn-p cN-\-I Rm {in-n-cp-p. NneXv F\nv Atlw XcnIbpw sNbvXn-cp-p. Xriq-cp-Xs tPmenbpw Xma-khpw A`w-Kpcw XpS-Xn-\m Acw At\z-jW]T-\-v tPmn\v IqSp-X kuIcyw Inn-sbp tXmp-p. ae-_m tImsf-Pp-I-fnse tPmenbpw Kth-j-Whpw Ignv 1986 Fd-Wm-Ipfw alm-cm-Pmkv tImsf-Pn t]mv {KmtPzv s{]m^-k-dmbn Rm Fn-btm a Xriq Fn-\n-bdnMv tImsf-Pn ]T-\hpw `mcy Be-q Fkv. F. tImsf-Pn Aym-]-\-hp-ambn Fn-bn-cpp. B kml-N-cy-n Xriqcn hmS-Ibvv R Xma-kn-m-\n-Sbm-bn. Am-ev CS-bvnsS tPmns\ ImWm\pw s]mXp-Xm-ev]cy-ap Imcy- kwkm-cn-m\pw km[n-n-cp-p. sk v tXmakv {InkvXykv F tPmns hninjvSIrXn Atm {]kn-o-Icnp 80

Ign-n-cp-p. Fs aew kmlnXy\ncq-]-Whpw t\mh Kth-j-W-hp-am-bn-cp-Xn-\m ]c-kv]cw NsNt Imcy- Ipd-hm-bn-cp-p. 1993 Rm Fd-Wm-Ip-fp Xma-k-am-n-b-Xn-\p-tijw auv sk v tXmaknse skan-\m-dp-I-fn ]s-Sp-m R IqSm-dp-v. AhnsS tPmv Ah- X - c n- n {]_w {it- b - a m- b n- c p- p. \smcp kplrpw Xm sXc-s-Sp a-e-n \nc-cw Azm-\n Hu-Xy-n-se-nb hyn-bp-am-bn-mWv tPmns\ Rm kvacn-pXpw _lp-am-\n-p--Xpw. At-lns k]vXXn BtLm-jn-p Cu Ah-kcn ZoLm- bppw Btcm-Kyhpw, C\nbpw kmwkvm-cnIkw`m-h-\-I sNm-\p Ignhpw Dm-Is Fv Biw-kn-p-p, {]mn-p-p. Bob Imcy-fn-tebvv At-lns {i IqSp-X Xncn-bp-am-dm-Is Fpw {]mn-p-p.

acnb]pcw ]nbpw ]gb bqWnb {]pw

A]w hn{iaw

81

_m_p shf-mb

Fs amjv
Av sk v tXma-kn\v Cu ]-p-m-bn-cp-n IWn-bm-sb-nepw Hcp ]qhp-ap-m-bn-cp-n-... hcm--Iv Cu Ntam, \{X]cn-th-jtam Cm-bn-cp-p. BSvkv tmpw kbkv tmpw AXn-e-p-anpw ]e mkp-I-fpw... Ingt hgn-bn-sepw ]t Ip-a-Sp-m \nd-m-gvN.... AXn-\n-S-bn Be-m--\pw Npm-cp-amjpw ]utem-kvamjpw tXm_n-bm-mdpw (Hcp kpthm-f-Pn-m-c\v kmsdt ]d-bm-\m-hq) ASp-p- \n-, tNp-\nnb Kpcp-am.... BwK-te-b-an-jvS-an-m-Xn-cp-npw ASp--ap-m-bn ta\m-t-cn- am-tjmSpw ho-kv am-tjm-Spw....! ]d-p-h-cp-Xv ta\m-tcn amsj-p-dn-p-X-s....

82

]Tn-n-msX ]Tn-n ]Tn-msX ]Tn Nne ]mT-sfIpdn-v.... `mj-bv-p-dv Cwo-jns `mhw ImWn--Xv.... hmn ebn-p hodv Imn-b-Xv.... \mSy-kn-n-I-fn Ipn-Isf In-se-Sp--Xv... mkp-ap-dnpw ]mT-]p-kvX-I-n-\p-ap-pdw Ipw ImXp-ap-m-bn-cpp ta\m-tcn amjvv... Iebpw Imem-Xn-hn-bmb ImgvN-Ifpw Ip-h-p... Imp-hbv-t--Xm-sWv Hm-s-Sp-p-Ibpw sNbvXp.. Adn-p-a-dn-bm-sXbpw ]e-tmgpw Ip-apn At-l-sa-tmgpw ]Tn-p-sIm-n-cn-p-I-bm-bn-cp-p.... As\ \ap-t-sd-t-cn--tm....

83

hKokv A-amen

Ncn-{X-nse amSn

Cy-bnse {InkvXp-a-X-N-cn-{X-s-p-dn-p ]T-\-n-\n-S-bn-emWv s{]m^. tPmv ta\m-t-cn-bpsS sk v tXmakv Fssk-tm-]o-Unb F {Kw ImWm CS-bm-b-Xv. A-am-en-bnse aqp ]n-I-fn-sebpw, AI--d-v, Imq, sImcn Fn-hn-S--fn-sebpw Ncn{Xkmy-fpw, ]pcm-X-\- inemtcJ-I-fpw, kzhpw \c-Ihpw F ayqd s]bnnpw t^mtm-{Km-^p-I-fmbn ]pd-p-h At-l-ns {Kw Fs hmsX BIjn-p. ]noSv, Ncn{Xw sIp-IYb adn-v, sXfn-hp-Ifm-sWv m]n-m - {ian-p tPmv ta\m-tcn F Cwojv s{]m^-k-dpsS {]h\- t\cn ImWm CS-h-Xv Xriq eqv Io-{U-en\p kao]v {InkvXy ayqknbw Xpd--tm-gm-Wv. hntZ-i--fn {]Nm-c-n-ep `mcX {InkvXp-a-X-N-cn{Xw sIp-I-YI-fpsS s]men-a-bp--Xm-bn-cp-p. _mZv tXma-bpw, mknUv s]mSnm-dbpw XpS-n-h Ncn-{X-]-T\w DZ-bw-t]-cq kq\-l-tZmkv DS-n-bpw, Iq\ Ipcn-in Xqnbpw ]ptcm-ln-X-m-cpsS ]T-\-ap-dn-I-fn tdmase {KntKm-dn-b bqWn-th-gvknn \Ip tUmIvStd-n Ipw \v aptmv s]mbvsm-n-cp-p. \qm-p-Ip -apv Cy-bn Fn-s PqX{InkvXp-a-X-ns tij-]-{X- Nqn-m-Wn-p-hm-\p {iaw XpS-n-h-Xv tPmv ta\m-t-cn-bm-Wv. ]bkv ate---n, sI. Fkv. amXyp, kvdnb kvdn-b, an-bmkv apm-S Fn-h Cu {ia-n\v Gsd ]nXpW \In-b-h-cm-Wv. {Inkv X paX- N - c n{X]T\w hntZ- i - - f n ]mn- X y- t msS ssIImcywsN-s-Sp-tm, Cy-bn Kuc-hta-dnb hnj-bam-Xm-bXv - ]ptcm-ln-X-m k`-bvp-n Ncn-{Xs Xf-n--Xp-sIm-pw, sIp-IY-IfpsS Nmcp-XtbmsS ]T-\ Ah-Xcn-nv tUmIvStdv Ic-amn -

84

Ncn-{X-]-T\w Ah-km-\n-n-p--Xp-sIm-p-am-Wv. k`m-N-cn-{X-ns D]-m-Xm--fmb {InkvXp-a-X-]--X-m-cn AambKWw CmsXt]mbXv `mc- X - k - ` m- N - c n- { X- s a- Xv ss__nt]mse ssIImcywsNt Hcp hnj-b-am-sWv k`m-t\XrXzw [cn--Xp-sIm-m-Wv. sk v tXm-akv hgn Cy-bn Fn-s {InkvXp-a-X-ns tij-]-{X--fmb A]q{K-fpw, kmwkvmcnIkma-{Kn-Ifpw, inem-en-Jn-Xfpw, ayqd Nn{X-fpw ayqkn-bfnepw - - ]pkvX-I--fn-ep-ambn ]p\-\n-np F-XmWv tPmv ta\m-t-cnbpsS t\w. {InkvXp-a-X-ns Cy ]mc-cyw Is-nb Aa-mb-cn {]ap-J\mWv tPmv ta\m-t-cn. 1969 _mwq-cnse `mc-Xk`m tZinb skan-\m-dn \yqa Atkm-kn-tb-js tZiob D]m-y- F \nebn ]s-Sp Atlw ss{IkvX-h-k-`-bpsS Cy Ncn{Xw F hnj-b-n\v sXfn-hp-I lmP-cm-p-Ibpw \qm-p-I ]g--ap {InkvXy kaq-l-amWv Cy-bn-teXv Fv m]n-p-Ibpw sNbvXp. 1973 ]pd-n-d-nb sk v tXmakv {InkvXy Fssk-tm-]oUnb F t]cn Cy-bnse {InkvXp-a-X-s-p-dnv aqv hmfy-fmbn Hcp ]c--c-bmWv tPmv ta\m-tcnsb {it-b-\m-n-b-Xv. ]noSv 1982 Fssk-tm-]o-Unb cmw hmfyw, 1998 \k-dm-Wokv Fnh {]kn-o-I-cn-p. ]pcm-X\ ]n-I-fn\npw {InkvXy Xd-hm-Sp-I-fn\npw \qdpI-W-n\v Ncn-{X-tc-J-I Is-Sp-v, Ah hntZ-i-cm-Py--fn Ah-Xcn-n-pw, Nn{X-fpw ]T-\fpw BapJpdn-p-Ifpw \In _rlZv{K-fmbn {]kn-o-I-cnpw Atlw Ncn{Xkmyw \Ip-p. {]kn-oI-cn {K--fn-tf-sdbpw hntZi k-I-em-im-e-I-fn Cv d^-dkv {K-fm-Wv. ]e-tmgpw hntZ-ifn Atlw skan-\m-dp-Ifpw mkp- Ifpw \S-p-p-v. ]n--e-I-sf-p-dn-p At\z-j-W-n-\n-S-bn {InkvXp-a-X-N-cn{Xhpw kwkvm-chpw temI-n\v ]cn-N-b-s-Sp-nb tPmv ta\mtcn ]g-a-bpsS kwc--W-amWv ss]Xr-Ihpw kmyhpw Fv P\sf t_my-s-Sp-p--Xns DZm-l-c-W-amWv At-l-ns hoSpw kao-]p Hq ]n-bpw. tIc-f-n-ep-S-\ofw ]pcm-X\ {InkvXy ]n-I s]mfnv Xntb--dp-I-fpsS amXr-I-bn ]p\-\n-p-tm tIc-f-nse Ghpw t{ijvT-amb ]ucm-WnI tZhm-e-b-ambn Hq ]nsb Imp kqn- p- Xv tPmv ta\m- t - c n- b psS kmnykzm[o-\-sImm-sWv ]d-bmw. A]qtiJ-c--fp sse{_-dn-bpw, kmwkvm-cnIkma-{Kn-I-fpw, Bbn-c--W-n\v Nn{X--fpw, k]vXXn BtLm-j-th-f-bn kwL-Snn \qdp-I-W-n\v hne-tb-dnb s]bnn-p-Ifpw kqn-p At-l85

ns hon Ncn-{X-n Xmev]-cy-ap Bpw Ib-dn-s-mw. sse{_dn D]-tbm-Kn-p-Itbm, ZoL-t\cw Xn-n-cn-p-Itbm Bhmw. Fm {]mNo\]pkvI-I--fpsS Ie-h-d-bmb sse{_-dn-bn\npw ]pkvXIw ISw tNmZn-m Atlw AXns t^mtm-mv apgp-h kzw sNe-hn FSp-p-X-cmw, ]pkvXIw Xcn Fv hn\-b-tmsS ]d-bpw. AXp-sImv Xs At-l-ns ]pkvX-I-ti-Jcw Aaq-eyam-Wv, tiJ-cn--sXmpw \jvS-s-p-Im-Wn-. Hcn-, jmPn sP-_p-samv Chyq sNm sN-tm, Hcp sNdnb ]pkvXIw FSpv apn-se-nb FtmSv AXns t^mtmmv FSpv Ab-p-X-cm-sav Gv ]pkvXIw Xncnp hmn-p-Ibpw (hmp ]men-p), Atlw ]pd-n-d-nb Fm ]pkvX-I-fpw (\-{kmWokv 2,250 cq]) km-\-ambn \Ip-Ibpw sNbvXp. Ncn{Xkmy--fpsS Ie-h-d-bmbn tPmv ta\m-tcn apssI FSpv {]h-\-am-cw-`n Xriq sk v tXmakv {InkvXy ayqknbw, Im-\mv sk v tXmakv auv ayqkn-bw, ]me-bq sk v tXmakv ayqknbw Fnh tIcf ss{IkvXhk`m-N-cn-{X-]-T-\-n\v D]-bp--amWv. k]vXXn BtLm-j-th-f-bn-emWv amm Aam-bv \Ip _lp-a-Xn-bmb sjh-en-b m\w tPmv ta\m-t-cnsb tXSn-sbp--Xv. Aiz-ho-c F {^p- {]`pm\--fn-sem-mb sjh-enb m\w kotdm ae-_m k`-bn apv e`n-n-cp-Xv amSn (C-S-{]`p--m) ammsWv ]cm-ain-n-p-v. \mns anSp-p-sImvam{Xw Pohn-p--h F Aw sjh-en-b-dn\v ssIh-Xv AXpsIm-m-Imw. GXm-bmepw, {]hrn-sImv t\Sn-sb-Sp Cu _lpaXn tPmv ta\m-t-cnsb Ncn-{X-nse amS-n-bmbn Dbnbn-cnpp.

86

70 \nv 20 tebvv Xncn-p-t\m-p-tm

kn. sI. Kncn-P-Ip-am

2008 amv 8mw XobXn i\n-bm-gvN-bnse ]{X-n I Hcp hm Fs a\-ns\ AXp hjw ]nd-In-tev sIms-n-p. {io tPmv ta\m-tcnv sjh-en-b ]Zhn e`np F-Xm-bn-cpp B hm. CXn Xosc ApXw tXmn-bn-. hf-sc-b-[nIw ktm-jnp. ImcWw, CXv F{Xtbm apv e`n-t-- Hcp ]Z-hnbm-bn-cpp. 1958 - 60 Imev Rm sk v tXmakv tImsf-Pn C-tWmanIvkv _n. Fbvv tNp. tImsfPv Xpdv Ipdv Znh-k-p tijw ]pXn-b-Xmbn Hcp hnZymn mn hp. h DSs\ Fs ASp kon m\w ]nSn-p. mkv Ignv R ]cn-N-b-s-p. t]cv tPmv. hoSv Hq ]nv ]Sn-m-dp-h-iw. ]mw-m-kp-hsc Imq kvIqfnepw AXn-\p-tijw Cao-Un-b-n\v {Snn-bnepw ]Tn-p. Ahn-sS-s Un{Knv tNpshpw, IWv hg-p-n Fp Iv Xriqv t]m-XmWv Fpw ]d-p. Ap- ap-X R Htc _n Ccpp Htc _n k-cn-p. Fs hoSv s]cn-t-cnbn-em-b-Xp-sImv Hcp-anv bm{XsNm Ign-p. Cu Ime-L--n tIcfw `cn-n-cp-Xv C. Fw. Fkv \q-Xn-cn-mSns Hm-as Iyq-Wnp a{n-k`bm-bn-cp-p. Cu ka-bpv Be- p-gbnse hnZymn-IfpsS HcW t_mp-kacw tIcfw apgp-h hym]np. AXp-sImv tImsf-Pp-I HmWm-hp-[nv t\cs AS-p. Cmev tPmv Hcp kplr-p-samv Fs hon hp. ASp hjw tIc-f-n hntam-N-\-k-acw s]mn-p-d-s-p. AXns ^e-ambn tImsf-Pp-I-fn Ay-b\w apS-n. Cu ka-bv tPmv amt\-Pnv FUn-dmbn lmwknv (HAMSICK) F t]cn Hcp hmm-am-knI {]kn-o-Icn-p. Rm\pw ]{Xm-[n-]kan-Xn-bn Hcw- K-am-bn-cp-p. cp-aq-mgvN hmcnI IrXy-ambn ]pd-n-d-n. ]noSv
87

cpw aqpw BgvN-Iq-Sp-tm am{Xw. {ItaW AXpw \np. 1959 60 tImsfPv bqWn-b-\n-tebvv tPmv P\-d sk{I-dnbmbpw Rm sNbam-\p-ambpw sXc-s-Sp-s-p. B hjw tI{a-{nsb ]s-Sp-n-p-sImv bqWn-b DZvLm-S\w \S-n. _n. G. bvv tijw tPmv 1960 tImgn-tmSv tZh-Kncn tImsfPn Fw. F. bvv tNp. ASp-- hjw Xncp-h-\--]pcw bqWn-thgvknn tImsfPn-tebvv amdn. 1962 Atlw Xm ]Tn tImsfPns Cwojv Unmp-san Aym-]-I-\mbn tNp. 1963 sabv amk-n Hcp Znhkw tPmv hon hp. ]Tn-ncp Ah-k-c-n Rm At-l-ns honepw tPmv Fs honepw hcp-am-bn-cp-p. Ctm h-Xns Dtiw tImsfPv amt\Psc ImWp-hm Rm IqsS t]mI-W-sa--Xm-bn-cp-p. ap-n--Spp Uman-b Cn-yq-ns Ub-d-IvS IqSn-bm-bn-cpp amt\-P. Atms R Ahn-tSbvv t]mbn. \mep- a-Wnv AhnsS Fn. Bdp- a-Wn-tbm-Sp-IqSn Ahn-sS-\nv Xncn-p-t]m-p. AXn-\nsS Ub-d-IvS-d- Ahn-Ss At-hm-kn-I-sf-p-dn-smw ]d-p. IqSmsX Fs-nepw Ign-p--Xn\v _pn-ap-ptm Fpw Bcm-p. Fv Xmepw Ign-m-sav ]d-p. R Iq{UnwMvkv Ignv bm{X-]-dv Xncn-p-t]m-p. ]noSv Rm tPmns\ ImWp-Xv Hcp ss_v A]-ISw ]nb DSs\ Bip-]{Xn-bn t]mIp-tm-gm-bn-cp-p. Rm\pw DSs\ IqsS t]mbn. cp Znhkw Bip-]-{Xn-bn R Hcp-anv Ign-p. Ahn-sS-\npw UnkvNmv sNbvXv hon sImm-n-bXn-\p-ti-jamWv Rm Xncnv t]m-Xv. Ipsd \mfp-Ip tijw Hcp Znhkw D-Xn-cnv 2 aWnv {ioam hon h-p. s]cn-tcn ]n-bn Hcp ]cn-]m-Sn-bn ]s-Sp-p--Xn\p- th-n-bm-bn-cpp Atlw h-Xv. R aqp aWnv ]nbn t]mbn. ]cn-]mSn Ign-bpw-hsc Fsbpw tPn ]nSn-n-cp-n. A[nIw \mfp-I Ign-bp--Xn-\p- apv hopw thsdmcp ]cn-]m-Sn-bn ]s-Sp-p--Xn-\p-thn hon h-p. C-hW hXv Fs A kvt]mksNbvX In\pth-n-bp thmfn-t_m a-c-ns DZvLm-S-\-n-\p- th-n-bm-bn-cp-p. kvt]mvkv _v `mc-hm-ln-I DZvLm-S-\-o-b-Xnbpw ka-bhpw am{Xsa Rsf Adn-bn-n-cp-p-p. R Hcp-anv AhnsS Fn-b-tm _v `mc-hm-ln-I Ap-X-sp. AXn-\vtijw Rsf hon Fn--Xn-\p- ti-j-amWv tPmv t]mb-Xv.
88

tPmns hnhm-l-n\v F\nv ]s-Sp-m Ign-n-. B ka-bv Rm apm-p-]p-g-bn 10 Znh-ks Hcp s{Sbn-\nv t{]m{Kman ]s-Sp-p-I-bm-bn-cp-p. hnhm-l-Zn-hkw cm{Xn-bmWv Rm hon Xncn-s-n-b-Xv. ASp- -Zn-hkw Xs Rm kplr-ns\ ImWm t]m-bn. Atm-gmWv Adn-bp-Xv Atlw At-cn-bn-tebvv Xmakw amn-sb-v. henb {]bmkw IqSmsX At-cn-bnse hon Fntp. `mKy-sap ]d-bs At-lhpw {ioa-Xnbpw hon Dm-bn-cpp. Av Ah-tcm-sSmw D-`--Whpw Ign-mWv Xncnv t]m-Xv. Rm ]on-bn tPmen sNbvXn-cp--tm At-l-ns hen-b-bpsS aI hn-t-\pw Ftm-sSmw tPmen sNbvXn-cp-p. Atl-amWv ]d-Xv tPmv Xriq-cmWv Xma-kn-p--sX-v. Hcp Znhkw D-Xn-cnv R AhnsS t]mbn. ]noSv dn-b sNbvX-tijw, Rm\pw `mcybpw Xriq kv {Sj-dnbn s]j hmp-hm t]mb-tm At-lhpw s]j hmphm hn-cp-p. Ipd-p- Im-ep-tijw tPmv Fs t^mWn hnfnv aIs hnhm-l-hn-hcw Adn-bn-p. hnhmlw Hq ]n-bnshv D-bvp- tij-am-sWpw hon hv Wn--Wtam Fpw tNmZn-p. AXns Bh-iy-an-sv Rm ]d-p. hnhml Znhkw D-Xn-cnv cp aWnv Rm Fp-tm Ah ]n-bn-tebvv t]mIp-I-bm-bn-cp-p. Rm\pw Ah-cpsS IqsS ]n-bn t]mbn. hnhmlI--fnepw AXn\p-tijw \S ]mn-bnepw ]s-Spv Bdp aWn Ign-mWv Rm Xncnv t]m-Xv. Fs aIs hnhm-l-n\v Rm\pw t^mWnIq-Sn-bmWv Wn-Xv. hoSn-\-Sp-p-X-sbp Hcp IeymWa-]-n shm-bn-cpp hnhm-lw. Atlw a-]-n hcp-tm Rm hon-em-bn-cp-p. DS-s\-s tPmv hon-tebvv hp. hopw R- hnhmla]-n-tebvv t]mbn. Ghpw HSp-hn Rm tPmns hon t]mbXv Fs aI Fw. G. bvv ]Tn-p-tm Ah-fpsS cp Iqp-Im-cn-Ip-thn Hq ]n-sbbpw Hq-cnse hyh-km-bn-I-sfbpw Ipdnv tNmZnv a\-nem-p--Xn-\p- th-n-bm-bn-cp-p. Cu ka-bv Atlw At-cnbn\npw Hq-cnse ]gb hon-tebvv Xmakw amn-bn-cp-p. s{]m^. tPmv ta\m-tcn k]vXXn kanXn AWn-bn-smcp-p kvac-Wn-I-bn-tebvv Fs-qSn Ds-Sp-n-b-Xn F\nv hf-sc-b89

[nIw ktm-j-ap-v. Ctm Fgp-]-Xns \nd-hn Atlw am{X-a, Rm\pw Fn-\np Cu Ah-k-c-n ]g-b-Imekvac-W-I Hmp-hm Ah-k-c-w D-m-n---Xn\v k]vXXn kan-Xn-tbmSv hfsc-b-[nIw \n-bp-v.s

tXmam]oUnb {]Imi\w

Xriq Bv _njvkv lukv

90

Hqcns s]cp-a-bpsS Imhm-c

^m. tPmv FS--f-q

s{]m^. tPmv ta\m-tcnbpsS k]vXXn Bcw-`n--tm Hq hnImcn Rm\m-bn-cp-XpsImpw apw GXm\pw hcn-I tPmv amsjpdnv Fgp-Xm ktm-j-ap-v. Hq CS-h-I-bpsS hfbvpw {]i-kvXn-pw- th-n, tIc-f-k-`bpsS Ncn-{X-n-\p-th-n, Itm-enm k`-bpsS {]h-\-pthn PohnXw amn-sh hyn-bmWv s{]m^. tPmv ta\m-tcn. hfsc hnim-eamb ImgvNm-Sp hyn. Hq CS-hIsb icnpw Nntdm-abm-m Ftmgpw ]cn-{i-an-p-sIm-n-cn-p hyn-bm-Wv. Xriq AXn-cq-]-X-bpsS F, tIcfk`-bnse GsX-nepw {][m\ ]cn-]m-SnI Ds-n, AXv Hq-cn \S--W-sa-pw, Hq-cmWv AXn\v ]nb e-sapw ss[cy-]qw ]d-bp-hm\pw AXv kwL-Sn-n-m\pw ]cn-{ian-p hyn-bm-Wv tPmv ta\m-tcn. hn. dmt^ amem-J-bpsS Xncp-\m-fn-t\m-S-\p-_-nv, Atlw Hcp Ncn{Xkmkvm-cnI FIvkn_n-j \S-n-bXv Rmt\mp-p. AXv \S-ptam Fsms ]ecpw kwi-bn-s-nepw, hfsc hn]p-e-amb coXn-bn AXv \S-pI-bp-mbn. Hq-cns ]g-a-bpw {]Xm-]-hpw ]mc--cy-hp-samw Fm-h-scbpw Adn-bnm\pw AXp-hgn Cy-bvIp-\npw ]pd-p-\npw [mcmfw ki- Isc Hq-cn-tebvv BIjn-m\pw Fpw {ian-p-sIm-n-cn-p hyn-bm-Wv s{]m^. ta\m-t-cn. k]vX-Xn- BtLm-j-ns t]cn injy-K-Whpw kplr-p-fpw tNv ]e ]cn-]m-Sn-Ifpw Hcp-n-bXv Ghpw amXr-Im-]-c-am-Wv. Ah shdpw BtLm-j- am{X-a, Fmhpw D]-Im-c-{]-Z-amb ]cn-]m-Sn-IfmWv. k]vX-Xn-bpsS \nd-hn ta\m-tcn amjvv e`n Ghpw henb AwKo-Im-c-amWv sjh-en-b ]Zhn Fp \ap--dnbmw. k`m{]h\-p thn PohnXw amn-sh-bvp-hp k`-bn\nv e`n-mhp henb AwKo-Im-c-am-Wn-Xv. sk v tXmakv tImsf-Pn Atlw
91

Fs Kpcp-`q-X\mbn-cp-p. ]noSv Rm Hq-cnse sIm-\pw Cu ASp-\mhsc hnIm-cn-b-\pw BIm CS-h--tm tPmv amjp-ambp Fs ASpw Bg-s-Sphm CS-bm-bn. Cu henb m\-e-_vZnbn At-l-n-\pv Fm-hn[ Biw-k-Ifpw Rm t\cp-p. k]vXXn kam-]-\-]-cn-]m-Sn-I hnP-bn-s Fv {]mn-p-Ibpw sNpp.

ktlmZcoktlmZcmtcmsSmw aq]p{Xs hnhmlthfbn

IpSpw_mwKtfmsSmw Cfb]p{Xs hnhmlthfbn

92

Adn-hns \nd-IpSw

amXyp aSp--pgn

Xriq sk v tXmakv tImsf-Pn Cwojv eIvN-d-dmbpw s{]m^-kdmbpw aqp Zim-_vZ-mew tkh\w A\p-jvTn-p-Ibpw AXn cp ]Xn-m-p-Imew _ncp-Zm-\-c hnZymn-Isf ]Tn-n-p-Ibpw sNbvX s{]m^- k tPmv ta\m- t cn 1992 Ncn{XKth- j - W - n\pw ]pkvXI{]kn-o-I-c-W-n-\p-ambn tImsf-Pn\nv kzbw hnc-an-p-Ibm-bn-cp-p. 1984 apX awK-e-pg s]mn-^n- skan-\m-cn-bnepw apNne Xntbm-fPn skan-\m-cn-I-fnepw hnkn-nwKv s{]m^-k-dmbn Atlw tkh-\a\p-jvTn-p-Ibp-m-bn. IqSmsX, kplr-p-fp-samv Atlw - Xriq-cn Hcp Aamb t\Xr-Xz-]cn-io-e\tI-{hpw Bcw-`n-p. AXns - Bcw-`w -ap-X Cp-hsc s{]m^. ta\m-tcn AXns Ub-d-IvS-dm-Wv. Cu m]- \ - n ]e \qX\ ]cn- i o- e \]T- \ - ] - - X n- I Bkq{XWwsNbvXp \S-n-em-n-sm-n-cn-p-p. \yqam Atkm-kn-tb-j Hm^v CybpsS tZiob sshkv {]kn-Umbn 1964 apX ZoL-Imew AXn-t\mSp kl-I-cn-p-hm\pw s{]m^-k ta\m-t-cnv Ah-kcw e`np. {K-k-ap-bw sk v tXmakv {InkvXy Fssk-tm-]o-Unbm Hm^v Cy, Cy Nv lndn mknIvkv (Zn \{km-Wo-kv) Fo _rlXv{K-fn-eqsS `mcX ss{IkvXhNcn-{Xhpw kmwkvm-cnIss]Xr-Ihpw temIn-se-n {]ikvX kmwkvm-cnI Ncn{X Kth-j-I-\mWv s{]m^. tPmv ta\m-t-cn. Cy Nv lndn mknIvkv (Zn \{km-Wokv) aqp `mK--fmbn (volumes) mW-tlw {]kn-o-I-cn-p--Xv. Cwojv Aym-]-I-\mb s{]m^-k ta\m-tcn tIcf k-I-emim-e-bn ]n.-F-v.-Unv Ncn-{X-n t]cp cPn- sNp-Ibpw B cwKp Ipsd Gsd ]T-\- \S-p-Ibpw sNbvsX-nepw At-l-

93

ns ssKUv tUm. amm--h-bpsS BI-kvanI\ncym-Ww -aqew Xoknkv ]qn-bm-m Ign-n-. Ctm Atlw _mwKvfq [mcmw hnZym-t-{X-n Hcp tUmIvS-d kvtImf-dm-Wv. Atlw sXc-s-Sp-n-cn-p hnjbw The Social Status of Thomas Christians as indicated by their Art and Architecture F-Xm-Wv. ]q\m Cnyqv Hm^v tkmjy kbkkn\npw 1957 At-ln\p Untma e`n-npv. CXp-Iq-SmsX thUv Akwn Hm^v bqns ]cn-ioe-\hpw Atlw t\Sn. hnZym-`ym-kw, Ncn-{Xw, kwkvm-cw, ssZh-imkv{Xw, kmaq-ly-im-kv{Xw, Iyq-, Cs\-v, sF.-Sn., Bv, BnsS-Iv Fn-s\bp hnhn[ hnj-b--fn Hu]-Nm-cn-Ihpw A\u]-Nm-cn-Ihp-amb hnZym-`ymkw t\Sp-hm\pw At-ln\p Ign-p. ZpIvdm\, {InkvXy Hmdn-b v Fo {]kn-o-I-c-W--fpsS m]I]{Xm[n-]-k-an-Xn-bn s{]m^. ta\m-tcn AwK-am-bn-cp-p. AXp-t]mse tPW Hm^v sk v tXmakv {InkvXykv ]{Xm-[n-]-k-an-Xn-bw-Kambpw Atlw {]hn--bvp-p. tPm t]m cm-a amm-bpsS tIcf ki-\-tm-S-\p-_-nv {]kn--s-Sp-nb Hcp Ukt\mfw kvac-Wn-I-I-fpsS No^v FUn--dmbpw kl]{Xm-[n-]-cmbpw Atlw {]hn-p. sNdp--nse hmb-\m-ioew s{]m^. ta\m-tcn sNdp-w-ap-Xse hmb-\-bn AXoh X]-c-\mbn-cp-p. Ahon Dm-bn-cp Bbn-c-tmfw ]pkvX-I--f-S-nb sse{_-dnbpw At\Iw amkn-I-Ifpw Atlw {]tbm-P-\-s-Sp-n. sNdpw apXep At-lns Cu hmb-\m-io-eamWv temI-{]-ikvXamb At\Iw {K- cNn-m At-ls {]m]vX-\m-n-b-Xv. ]mXn-cmbvv Hcp Cdn-tm-v, ]n--e-Ifpw apw, sImSp-q knn Hm^v sk v tXma-kv, ssUhq_msd sPIkv sX sdU \{km-Wokv sU ae-_m {InkvXy th slbven-K tSmakv (P `mj), sImSp--q t{IUn Hm^v {InkvXym-\nn C Cy, nwkkv Hm^v \{kmWn sldn-t-Pv, tXmm-]o-Unb XpSn-b-h-bmWv s{]m^. tPmv ta\m-t-cn-bpsS CX-c-Ir-Xn-I. In-d-a--ns kmyw {io tPm In-d-aw cNn tIc-f-k`m {]Xn-`-I (Hmw `mKw) F {]ikvX {K-n s{]m^. ta\m-t-cn-sb-n Cs\ Fgp-Xnbn-cn-p-p: s{]m^. tPmv ta\m-tcn ssIh-bv-m--Xmb imkv{X kmtXn-I, kmwkvm-cnI, kmlnXy cwK- Gsd-bn-sp ]d-bmw. ssI h-n-Ssmw Xs ]mn-Xyw-sImpw efn-Xhpw hn\o-Xhp-amb s]cpamcoXn-sImpw ta[m-i-n-sImpw Atlw hyn-ap{Z ]Xn-n-n-p94

v. At-l-ns _rl-mb tkh-\- IW-n-se-Spv \nc-h[n AhmUp-I \In At-ls s]mXp-P\fpw m]-\fpw BZ- cn-p-I-bp-m-bn. 2008 G{]n 2\v k]vXXn BtLm-jn-p BZ-c-Wo-b-\mb s{]m^k tPmv ta\m-t-cnv Fs hn\o-X-amb Biw-k-I! A`n\--\!

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hyn-I-sfbpw kw`-h--sfbpw IrXn-I-sfbpw {]m-\--sfbpw kwL-S-\-I-sfbpw sNdp-Xm-m\pw hep-Xm-m\pw Xa-kv-cn-m\pw Ncn{Xkmln-Xy-Im-cmv Ign-bpw. Cm-cy-s-p-dnv \ Ah-t_m[-ap Ncn{Xkmln-Xy-Im-c-\mWv s{]m^. tPmv ta\m-t-cn. Fns\bpw Bhp-{X hkvXp-\n-jvTambn hne-bn-cpn hnth-I]qw kzw kmwkvm-cnI kwkvIr-Xnv angnhv \Ip hn[-nte s{]m^. tPmv ta\m-t-cn-bnse Ncn-{X-Im-c Cphscbpw {]Xn-I-cn-n-p-p. Ncn-{X-bm-Ymy-tfmSv ]w ImWn-pI F-XmsX, Hn-t\mSpw hnti-jm Xmev]cyw ImWn-p kz`mhw Cu k[\n-I\mb kmlnXy-Im-c ImWn-n-n. AXp-sImv, kpK--ap hyn-Xz-ns DS-a-bmbn s{]m^. tPmv ta\m-tcn F Ncn{Xkmln-Xy-Im-c aebm-fn-I-fpsS a\-n Fpw \ndp \npw. kw`-h-, Xob-Xn-I, hnh-c-W-, hkvXp-X-I tiJ-cnv kmwio-I-cnv Zi\ Zo]vXn-bn Nmenv kzw I--n ASnv ]pdm-nb s{]m^. tPmv ta\m-t-cn-sb Ncn-{X-Im-c \psS Ncn{XkmlnXyhoYn-bnse GIm]Yn-I-\m-Wv. Hcp hnZ-Kv[-kwLw Gsd-mew Azm-\n-m IS-s-Sp-m-hp {]uV-amb IrXn-I-sfm KpW-ta--bp Ncn-{X-IrXnI s{]m^. tPmv ta\m-t-cnv kz-ambn \nn-m Ign-p. Fgp-p-Im-c Z-tKm-]p-c--fn hkn-Wsa Ipn-Ir-jvWam-cm-cpsS XXz-a\p-kcnv, kmln-Xy-cN\sb - - X]-ky-bmn amnb s{]m^. tPmv ta\m-t-cnv tZiob Atiob thZn-I-fn `mcX ss{IkvXh kaq-l-ns ss]XrIw tcJ-sSpn hbvm Ign-p. temI-ns Fm `mK-fnepw bm{X-sN-m\pw Ncn-{X-K-th-j-Icp-ambn kwhmZw \S-m\pw Ah-kcw e`n s{]m^. ta\m-tcn Hcp hniz-]u-cs ImgvN-m-tSm-sS-bmWv Fm-n-s\bpw t\mn-Xv.
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AtZ-in-bambn Nnn-pI, {]mtZ-in-Iambn {]Xn-Icn-pI F XXzw a\-n hp-sImv kzw \mnse Ncn-{X-h-kvXp-X-Iv IqSpX angnhv \Ip-hm Atlw {ian-n-p-v. Ncn-{X-]-n-Xam-cpambn N-I \S-p-tm A`n-{]mb`n-X-bp Imcy- kuayambn {]Im-in-n-pI FXv tPmv amjpsS Hcp ioe-am-Wpv. Ncn-{X-n Xmev]cy-ap-hpw Ncn-{X-Im-campw- thn Ncn{X-]-cn-j-p- kwL-Sn-nv Ahv AXn-eqsS hf-cm s{]m^. tPmv ta\m-tcn hgn-sbm-cp-n-bn-p-v. Fhn-sS-sbmw Ncn{Xkvamc-I- Dtm, AhSw kin-p Ah- k - c - n AXp- a mbn _- s p Ncn- { X- I m- c am- s cbpw Ncn{XhnZymn-I-sfbpw Iv kwkm-cn-m Cu GIm--]-Yn-I t_m[-]qw kabw Is-n-bn-cp-p. Ncn-{X-]-c-amb hnj-b--sfp-dnv N \S-p GXv thZn-bnepw {]`m-jWn-\mbn Wn-m, - {]kw-Kn-m-\p Ncn-{X-p-dn-p-I Xm-dm-n-sm-p-XsbmWv {]^. ta\m-tcn ]cn-]m-Sn-Ip t]mbn-cp-Xpv. sNdnb Fgp-p-Im Is-gpp IrXn-I-fp-ambn tPmv amsj kao-]n-m, `mjm-ym-]I IYm-Ir-pIfmb injyam-tcmSv ImWn-p km-Ikao-]\w Xs Atlw ImWnpt]mp. AXp-sImv sImp-sImp Ncn-{XIm-cam-cpsS lrZ-bn {]Imi tKm]p-cambn Atlw \np-Ibpw sNp-p. Cy-bn, {]tXy-Inv tIc-f-n, Ncn{XkmlnXya-en Cfn {]XnjvT \S-nb s{]m^. tPmv ta\m-t-cn-sb Ncn-{X-Imc Hcp hninjvT hyn-Xz-ns DS-a-bmbn P\-lr-Z-b--fn Hfn-amsX Fm-epw {]tim-`npw.

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s{]m^. tPmv ta\m-t-cnsb Rm BZy-ambn ImWp-Xv 1968 em-Wv. Am-ev Atlw Xriq sk v tXmakv tImsf-Pn-\-Spv Cu^ _pIvkv F t]cn Hcp _pv m \S-n-bn-cp-p. 27-mw hb-n Rm {]kn-o-I-cn A`n-em-j- F Fs BZyIYmkam-lm-cns ]p tImn _pv mfn hnev]\bvp \Iphm sN-Xm-bn-cpp Rm. tacn-hn-Pbw amkn-I-bn ]e-tm-gmbn {]kn-o-Icnv {_Z fqbnkv a-fn-bpsS t\Xr-Xz-n acn-bm-]p-cp \S-p bqWn-b {]n A-Sn ]p IY-I-fpsS 102 t]Pp B IYm kam-lm-c-ns hne 1.25 cq]-bm-bn-cp-p. ]pkvXIw hnpIgn-Xn-\p-tijw Io-j Ign-p XpI \In-bm aXn-sb-m-bn-cpp Fs \n_--\. ta\m-tcn amjv ]pkvXIw hmn adn-p-t\m-n. Fnv ]pkvX-I-ns apgp-h hnebpw Atm Xs X-Xn-\ptijw Fs tXmfn ]nSn-p-sImv amjv ]d-p: C\nbpw Fgp-Xntmtfm tm. ]noSv Xriq-cn ]e kmln-Xy--kmw-kvm-cnI kZ-p-I-fnepw R Xn Ip-ap-p-Ibpw ]cn-Nbw ]pXp-p-Ibpw sNbvXp. Fs kmlnXyPohn-X-n A-c-sp-I F t]cn cm-a-sXmcp IYm-k-am-lm-chpw amfw Fsmcp t\mhepw Rm FgpXn {]kn-oI-cn-p-sh-nepw Fs cN-\m-Xm-ev]cyw Ncn-{X-n-tebvv Xncn-Xns ]nn ta\m- t cn amjns ]tcm- - a mb kzm[o- \ - a p- v. ss{Ikv X htaJ- e - b n- e p At- l - ns Ncn- { X- ] - T - \ hpw ]pcmhkvXpKth-j-Whpw `mc-X-ss{I-kvXhk`-bpsS apgp-h {ibpw BZchpw t\Sn-bn-p--Xm-Wv. `mcX ss{IkvXhk`-bpsS Cun--amb ]mebq ]n-sb-n Kth-j-W-_pym ]Tn-m\pw Ncn-{X-{K-hpw Ncn-{Xte-J-\-fpw Fgp-Xp-hm\pw F\nv {]tNm-Z\w \In-bXv ta\m-tcn amjp-am-bp khpw kl-hm-k-hp-am-Wv.
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2000- Xriq Bv_n-jv am tP_v Xqpgn ]nXmhv ]mebq ]nsb AXn-cq-]Xm Xo-tI-{-ambn {]Jym-]n-p-Ibpw AXncq-]-Xm-Sn-m-\-n Xo-tI-{-Inn cq]o-I-cn-p-Ibpw sNbvXp. Cu I-n-n-bpsS XpS-w-ap-X ta\m-tcn amjv AwKhpw Rm AXns sk{I--dn-bp-am-Wv. Cu In-n-bn {]hn-p-Xp-S-n-b-tXm-sS-bmWv amjpw Rm\pw Xn-ep kplr-Zv_w ZrV-am-b-Xv. Xo-tI{ Inn cq]o-I-c-W-n-\p- ap-p Xo-tI{ Io-j-\nepw amjpw Rm\pw AwK--fm-bn-cp-p. 2001- Im-\mv sk v tXmakv aun aqp Znh-ks Ncn{X--]p-cm-hkvXp skan-\m \S-p-I-bp-mbn. tIc-f-nse Fm cq]X-I-fn\n-p-ap sa{Xm-mcpw sshZn-Icpw I\ym-kv{Xn-Ifpw Aevambcpw AXn {]Xn-\n-[n-Ifmbn ]s-Sp-n-cp-p. Xriq-cn\nv AXn ]s-Sp-m \ntbm-Kn--s cp Aevamb {]Xn-\n-[n-I ta\m-tcn amjpw Rm\p-am-bn-cp-p. aqp Znhkw R AhnsS Hnp Ignp-Iq-Sn-bXv ad-m-\m-hm Hcp A\p-`-h-a-m-Wv. amjpw Rm\pw skan\m-dn {]_-- Ah-X-cn-n-p-I-bp-m-bn. ]me-bq XotI{-ns hnI-k-\-n ta\m-tcn amjns ]v Gsd hep- X m- W v . 2004 ]me- b q- c n m]n- X - a mb `mcX ss{IkvXNcn{X ayqkn-b-ns apJykq{X-[m-c ta\m-tcn amjm-Wv. amjns Glimpses of Nazarani Herritage F Cwojv {K-n Hcp Aymbw ]me-bq ]n-sb--n-bm-Wv. ]meq-b ]n F Fs ]pkvX-Ihpw Fs t]cpw AXn ]e-X-hW ]cm-ain--s-np-Xv Fs Ffnb Ncn-{X-]-T-\-p Hcp AwKo-I-cm-am-bn-mWv Rm IW-m-p-Xv. ]me-bq-cns\ Xs cm-as C-ShI FmWv amjv hnti-jn-n-p-I. A{X-am{Xw B-_--ap ]me-bq-cnsh-pXs 2008 amv 9 \v alm Xom-S-\-\m-fn sjh-en-b ]Z-hn-bpsS m\-Nnw Xriq Bv_n-jv am B{Uqkv Xmgv ]nXmhn\nv kzoI-cn-p-hm amjn\p `mKy-ap-m-bXv ssZh-\n-tbm-Kam-Imw. k]vXXn kvamc-I-ambn amjns injy-m ]me-bq ]n-bn m]nn-p ]me-bq ]Sn-pcbpsS Biom-Z-Iw am tP_v Xqpgn ]nXmhv 2008 amv 16 \v \n-ln-p-I-bp-m-bn. k]vXXn BtLm-jn-p s{]m^. tPmv ta\m-t-cnv Fs {]m-\-Ifpw Biw-k-Ifpw t\cp-p.

99

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k]vX-Xn-bn-se-n-bnpw hn{i-a-sa-s--dn-bmsX Hq {Kma-n Pohn-p-sImv Cu \mSn\pw Cybvpw temI-n\pXsbpw kam-\X-I-fn-m kmwkvm-cnI kw`m-h-\-I kan-p-sIm-n-cn-p Ap-X-{]-Xn-`-bmWv s{]m^-k tPmv ta\m-t-cn. A-tXmfw sImw- apv Xriq sk v tXmakv tImsfPv tdmUnse Cu^ _pvkv F ]pkvX-I--S-bn sNv Ib-dn-b-tm-gmWv ta\m-tcn amsj Rm BZy-ambn ImWp--Xv. Av B ]pkvXI {]kn-o-IcWime \S-n-h Atlw {]K-\pw k-kX\p-amb - - - - Cwojv s{]m^-k-dm-bn-cp-p, sk v tXmakv tImsf-Pn. ]noSv ta\m-tcn amjv ]nX{]ap-Jsc ]s-Sp-n-p-sImv \Sn-h se eoUjnv s{Sbn-\nMv F ]cn-]m-Sn-bn-tebvv Fs Wn-p. B ]cn-io-e\ tImgvkv Fs hynXzhnI-k-\-n\v Gsd D]-Icn-p. ]noSv Xriq-cnse ]e {]apJ hnZym-ebfnepw Ipn-Iv - - msk-Sp-m\pw Atlw F\nv Ah-k-c-ap-m-n--cn-I-bp-m-bn. {]ikvX Nn{X-Im-c-\mb {^mkokv tImS---ns ]nXmhv s{]m^. sI. ]n. BWn apX-emb almhyn-I-fp-ambn kulrZw m]n-m ta\m-tcn amjv Av Ah-k-c-ap-m-n--p. Ncn-{X-]p-cm-hkvXp-Kth-jW hnj-bfn hnZ-Kv[\mb ta\m-tcn - - amjv ]noSv tIcf lntm-dn- dnkv skmsskn Fsmcp kwLS\ m]nv Gsd-mew {]ap-Jsc sImp-hv skan-\m-dp-Ifpw NIfpw kwL-Sn-nv Ncn-{X-hn-j-b--fn Gsd-tsc {]_p--cm-n. ]s, ap-hsc AXns kmcYyw Gev]nv ta\m-tcn amjv amdn-\n-tXmsS AXn-s\-n Hc-dn-hp-w C-m-Xm-bn. 1996 tacn-hn-Pbw AhmUv F\nv e`n--tm Biw-km-{]-kw-KI-\mbn ta\m-tcn amjv Fn-tp. ]noSv 2003 tIc-f-N-cn{Xw
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Ipn-Iv F Fs ]pkvX-I-n\v \smcp Ah-Xm-cnI Fgp-Xn-cm s{]m^. ta\m-tcn, Xnc-n hntZ-i-bm-{X-bvn-S-bn, ka-b-apmn FXpw Rm \n-tbmsS Fpw Hmp-p. cm{Xn-I-fn Ddw \jvS-s-Sm-\n-S-bm-bm Rm Hmp hynI-fn- H-cm-fmWv ta\m-tcn amjv. Ddw Inp-n-tm Fv Zp:JnpIn-Sp Azm-\io-e\mb ta\m-tcn amjv ]d-tXmv Rm\pw Fgp-t-n-cpv Fs-nepw Fgp-Xpw. amjv ]Ip-X B ioew Fgpp-Im-c-s\ \ne-bn F\n-p-mb hf-bpsS Hcp Imc-W-am-Wv. Cs\-n KqKn-fn ]c-Xn-bm Hq tUmv tImw F Hcp sh_v t]Pv ImWpw. AXn Cwt]m v t]gvk-\m-en-okv F Xe-sn\p Xmsg Ccp-]-sm-Xp t]cp-I Is-mw. Ah-cn Ggp -t] Cpw Pohn-n-cn-p-v. Ah-e-cn-sem-cm-fmWv s{]m^. tPmv ta\mt-cn. Cu k]vXXn thf-bn At-l-n-\pv ssZhw ZoLm-bpkpw Btcm-Kyhpw \I-s-sbv {]mn-p-p.

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k`m-kw-_amb cwKp Rm {]h-\ Bcw-`n Imev - AXn-\v Hcp ASn-dbp-m-bXv Xriq cq]-Xbnse Ambt\XrXz]cn- io-e\ tI{-ns HcmgvN \op-\n -]-cn-io-e\Iymm-Wv. 196970 Imev \S-d atUm-W-bn \S Iymn\p t\XrXzw \In-bXv s{]m^. tPmv ta\m-t-cn, s{]m^. ]n.-]n. ]o, s{]m^. tPmk^v tImsf- m- S , sjh. F. F. Hutk^v XpS- n- b - h - c m- b n- c p- p. Iymnshv s{]m^. ta\m-tcn {InkvXy Fssk-tm-]o-Un-b-sbn ]d-Xns ASn-m-\n-epw, \mp-Im-cs\ \ne-bn-epw, Rm\pw Hcp kplr-pw-IqSn acn-bm-]p-cp At-lns hk-Xn-bn t]mbncp-p. Ahn-Ss sse{_-dnbpw Fssk-tm-]o-Unb {]h\]ptcmK-Xnbpw Fmw Rv t\cnv ImWm Ign-p. At-l-ns ktlm-Z-cmcmb dh. tUm. C. sP. tXmakv, tUm. C. sP. sPbnwkv Fn-hcpw {]h-\--fn kl-I-cn-n-cp-p. Ap- ap-X apXntesd hj-mew hnhn[ Imcy--fn s{]m^. ta\m-t-cn-bp-ambn _-sv ASp-p- \np {]hn-m F\nv Ah-k-c-ap-m-bn. Xriq-cn hnhn[ hoSp-I amdn amdn Atlw Xmakn--tm-sgmw Ahn-sS-sbms A\p-Zn-\-sa-smWw Rm _-sn-cp-p. Xriq cq]-X-bn \S \ho-I-c-W-hjw (1978), hnip hcw (1983), am]m ki\w (1986), Iem-k-Z {]kn-Uv (1982 90), am[ya Io-j sNbam (199098), Hq sk v B-Wokv Nv tkmh-\o-b-dns No^v FUn- (1998), Hq ]m-bv hnI-k-\-tcJ FUn- (1998) cq]X am[ya Io-j I-d FIvkn-_n-j Iho\, ]qcw FIvkn-_n-j (2000), kn. _n. kn. sF. kt-f\w (2004) XpS-nb {]h-\fnepw Xriq klr-ZbthZn In-n, tIcf lndn - - -

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tIm{K-v, tacn-hn-Pbw kmln-Xy-kanXn (1980 apX) XpS-nb kwLS-\Ifn-ep-ambn \nc-h[n cwK-fn At-ltmSv hfsc ASp-p- \np - {]hn-m F\np Ign-n-p-v. Xriq-cn hnip h-ctm-S\p-_nv ap-tXmfw Ncn{X SmtmI-fpw B\-Ifpw apw AWn-\n-c kmwkvm-cnI tLmj-bm-{Xbpw dmenbpw ta\m-tcn kmdns apJy-t\-Xr-Xz-n-em-bn-cp-p. tPm t]m cm-a am]mbpsS ki-\tm-S\p-_nv, At-lns t\XrXz-n {]kn-o-Icn tkmh-\o AJn-te-ym-Xen anI-hp {K- am-bn-cp-p. Iem-k-Z {]kn-U-s \ne-bn Atlw kwL-Sn-n Nn{X--inev] ]cn-io-e-\-I-f-cn-Ifpw {]Zi-\-fpw ap {]h-\-fpw AXoh{it-b-am-bn-cp-p. am[y-a -I-o-j sNbam-s\ \ne-bn Xriq cp]-X-bnse Fp- hjs {]h-\-hgn B cwKv Atlw sNbvX Imcy- \nc-h-[n-bm-Wv. Xriq klr-ZbthZn, tIcf lndn tIm{K-v, tacn-hn-Pbw kmln- Xy-k-anXn XpS-nb {]m-\--fn In-n-bw-K-sa \ne-bn Atl-ns {]h-\ B {]m-\fpsS hfbvv Gsd klm- bn-n-p-pv. \nc--c-amb Im-\p-jvTm\w AXm-bn-cn-Ww Pohn-Xw F ap{Zm-hmIyw apdpsI ]nSn-p-sImv Ap ]Xn-m-n-e-[n-I-ambn Ncn-{X-kmw-kvm-cnI cwKv \nc--c-amb {]h\w ImgvN-sh-p-sIm-ncn-p sjh. s{]m^. tPmv ta\m-t-cn-bpsS, C\nbpw t\Sn-sb-Spm-\p, ey- Xma-kn-bmsX \nd-th-d-s-sbv Cu k]vX-Xn-thf-bn Bm-ambn Biw-kn-p-p.

103

G.-hn. sUman-\n-Iv.

ta\m-t-cn : Hq-cns A`n-am\w

ta\m-t-cnsb Xd-hm-pt]cpw Fcn-t-cn-sb hnfn-t-cp-ap IpSpw-_- tNv, Xriq, Hq, Nnm-cw, Imq Fn-hn-S--fn Dv. ]qn-I Imq-cn\nv Hq hp hnI-knv, Rmd-bv-entebvpw ]dq apX-emb tIc-f-nse Fm tI{-fn-tepw, Cysbm-p-pw, temI-sam-ppw ta\m-tcn IpSpw-_- hnI-kn-n-p-v. tPmv amjpsS Hcp kplrpw Hcp \mp-Im-c\pw _p-hp-amWv Cu teJ-I. Fs aZ sXsc-k-sb- ]pkvX-I-n\v Atlw Hcmkzm-Z\w Fgp-Xn--n-cp-p. AXv Fgp-Xnb Ime-L--ns ]pdn-d-m Ign-n-cp-s-n aZ-dn-s\-Ip-dnpw aZ-dns hntbm-Ks Ipdnpw BZys ]pkvXIw CXm-Ip-am-bn-cp-p-shv tPmv ta\mtcn {]m-hn-n-p-v. tPmv amjpsS hnZym-`ymkw Imq-cnse Ahon-em-bn-cp-p. XpSv Xrn-\m-n-n-bn-em-bn-cpp \mep- sIm-s ]T-\w. ]ns Xncp-h\]pcw bqWn-th-gvknn tImsf-Pn\nv amtgvkv _ncpZw t\Sn - - 1960 sk v tXma-kn tPmenv tNp. sk v tXmakv {InkvXy Fssk-tm-]o-Unb F {Kns cN-bn-Xmhv ta\m-tcnbmbn-cpp. \mep thmfn-b-amWv Dt-in-n-cp--Xv. ]noSv AXv cv thmfn-b-ambnv {]uV-am-bn-s {]kn-o-I-cn-p. hnhn[ cmPy--fn-sebpw dop-I-fn-sebpw ]pcm-X-\hpw \ho-\-hpamb inev]imkv{Xw \psS ]e skan-\m-cn-Ifn At\-Ihj-fmbn ]Tn-n-p-sIm-n-cn-p-p. AXn Hmw-InS ssZhm-ebinev]imkv{X-\mWv ta\m-tcn amjv. IqSp-X Impw I\-hp-ap- {K- Fgp-Xp--Xn apgp-In-bn-cn-p Hcm-fmWv s{]m^. tPmv ta\m-tcn. cp thmfn-bw-IqSn Cd-p-hm sk v tXmakv {InkvXy Fssktm-]o-Unbv `mKyw Dm-I-s-sbv Biw-kn-p-p.

104

Hq ]n-bnse Iem-h-kvXp- P\-{i--bn-tebvv sImp-h-cp-Xn s{]m^. tPmv ta\m-tcn AXp-ey-amb ]p hln-n-p-v. tPmv ta\m-t-cnbpsS CS-hIbmb Hq ]n-bn \qdn-tesd hj- v apv 125 ASn Db-c-n \nn Ggp- \ne aWn-am-fn-I-bpsS apI-fn\npw t\mn-bm 10 Intem-ao- Zqc-n-\-I-p Xriq eqv ]n, ]p ]-n, If-IvStd-v, AIp-v, Xtem, ac-m-c, IWn-aw-K-ew apX-emb {]tZ-i- ImWmw. 1884 {^mknse amssk F ev \nn aqv Iq Hmp-a-Wn-I BWv Cu aWn-am-fn-I-bn m]n-n-p--Xv. Cu Hmp-aWn-I-fn hn. Atm-Wo-knsbpw, hn. dmt^-ensbpw, hn. tXm_n-bmkn-s-bpw, Pok-v, tacn, tPmk^v Fn-h-cp-sSbpw Nn{X- BteJ\wsNbvXn-p-v. Hq ]n hI Fv ae-bm-f-nepw kpdn-bm-\nbnepw Cu Hmp-a-Wn-Ifn Fgp-Xn-bn-p-v. kzw, shn, HmSv, sNv Ch-bn-ep Iem-h-kvXp- ]gb ]n-Ifn kpe-`am-Wv. Npw ]n-bnse kz-sa-gp-Ip-Xncnmep-I Xriq ayqkn-b-nse kz Ipcn-ipw, ame-bpw, \ncWw ]n-bnse shn-cq-]-q-Sv, Bmv AI--dv ]n-bnse HmSv Zo]hr-, Nm-q, cma-]p-cw, sN-q, Imq, sImt-mSv Fnhn-S-fnse hnhn-[Xcw Hmp-hn-fp-I Ch {]tXyIw {i-bln-p-p. Ahtbm-sSms InS]n-Sn-p Ap-X-I-c--fmb teml-kr-jvSn-I Hqcnse Xm-mcpw aqim-cn-Ifpw ]n-bn ImgvN-sh-n-p-v. hnim-e-amb ]n-bnse Hmtcm- Cp ehpw Iem-h-kvXp-fm kp-jvS-am-n-bn-p-v. ]gb \nb-a-nse BZy-]m-]hpw, _en-I-fpw, Zmho-Zpw, tKmen-bm-pw, kmwk-\pw XqWpw, t\mlbpw tamibpw ]pXnb \nb-a-nse tbip-hns Pohn-X-nse ]Xn-\p cl-ky- XpS-nb cwK-fpw, kz-hpw, \c-Ihpw Ah-km\ \ymb-hn-[nbpw FmwXs t]m-Sv, ]nd-hw, ]g-n, AI--d-v, Nm-q, A-am-en, ]mtey--c, ae-bm-q, Imp Fo {]tZ-i--fnse bmtm-_m-b, Hm-tUmIvkv, Itm-enm tZhm-ebfn Ccp-qdp apX Fqdp hjs - - ]g--ap NpaNn{X-fpw hncNn-X-am-bnpv. Ch-sbmw Hq ]nbnepw It-f-bnepw ImWmw. {]kw-K-a--]--fmWv ]pjv]-. knwlw, B\ Ch-bpsS hmbn\nv ]pd-s-Sp coXn-bn-emWv ]e-tmgpw ]pjv]- \nnn-p--Xv. Hgp- coXn-bnepw Nne ]gb ]n-I-fn {]kwK]oT- Dv. hnhn-[-Xcw ]pjv]-v Hq, Imq, Xriq, Npw-]me Chn-S--fn DZm-l-c-W--fp-v. Hq ]n-bnse Iem-k--ns\pdnv kzbw a\-n-em-p-Ibpw
105

ap--hv B kv ]cn-N-b-s-Sp-n-sm-Sp-p-Ibpw sNm-\p `mcn Npa-Xe CS-h-I-m-cmb bphm--fp-sSbpw hnZymn-I-fp-sSbpw Npa-en-em-sWv \mw Ftmgpw Hmt-n-bn-cn-p-p. Cm-cy--fnsemw s{]m^. ta\m-t-cn-bpsS amXrI Ahp hgn-Im-n-bm-bn-cn-bvpw.

]gb BntbmfPn ayqknbw t_mUnenb sse{_dn, HmIvkvt^mUv

I \mjW sse{_dn

{_nojv ayqknbw sse{_dn

NnmtKm bqWnthgvknn sse{_dnbn \nv

Ftm \mjvW sse{_dn

106

sk v tXmakv ss{IkvX-hcpw kt-l-hm-Zn-Ifpw Hcp hni-I-e\w

^m. ap-tcn

tIcf ss{IkvX-h-cpsS A-kvtXm-enI ]mc--cy-s, ]mmXyk`bnse Nne t\Xm--fn \np ]pd-p-h-cp {]kvXm-h-\-I-fn \np AXp- th--hn[w Is-m Hcp {]tl-fn-I-bm-bn, Fm Ime-L-ns Bh-iy-ambn Gs-Sp-tnhcp Xe-p-a-Sm-bn, Icp-X-s-Spptm Fp kwi-bn-p-p. ]mmXyNcn-{X-Im-c-mv Xpd-msX InS-p Ihm-S-fpw In s]SmsX t]mIp \nc-h[n AS-bm-ffpw Zn-tW-y-bpsS anepw aSn-bnepw aqSn-n-S-p-s hkvXpX C\nbpw Xpdp ImWn-t--Xptm? Hcp ]t tIcf k`mkaq-lns CS-ap-dn-bm hnizmk]mc--cy-ns Ie-hd Xpdp ImWnmepw AsXms Ncn-{X-ns Xnf--ap In-I-fmbn ImWmsX, Ahsb shdpw Akw-kvIrXhn`-h--fmbn am{Xw IW-p-Iq-p GXm\pw hnI-S-hm-Zn-I-Ifpw Dm-Imw. Ahsmcp adp-]-Sn-bm-Wv, Imp adp-]-Sn-bmWv s{]m^. ta\m-t-cn-bpsS IrXn-I. Fmepw tIc-f--c-bn sk v tXmakv A-kvtXm-es {]b-Xv\^-e-ambn Ctmfw \ne-\np t]mn-p hnizm-k--cp-ns AhnX-amb XpS-ep-Isf XIm Hcp kt-l-hm-Znpw Icp-p- t]mcm. temUv samsf Hcn- ]d-bp-I-bp-m-bn. Ncn{Xw Fsm-n Poh-N-cn-{X--tf-bpp Fv (There is no history as such, only life histories). a\p-jy cq]-s-Spw-apv `qanbpw kqcy-N-{m-Zn-Ifpw Dmbn-cp-p. ]t a\p-jy Nnn-m\pw ]d-bm\pw XpSp-n-b-tijw am{Xta Ncn{Xw Dm-bp-p. kqcy-N{m-Zn-Isf kw_-np a\p-jy Adn-p, ]d-p, Nnn-p, AXn-s\- ]n GXm\pw t] Fgp-Xn. FgpXn-bn-m-bn-cp-s-n Nne-cpsS ZrjvSn-bn Ncn-{Xta Dm-Ip-am-bn-cp-n. AXp icn-b-. Ip_vssa\dpw sNtm-bpw SmPv a-lepw I-tijw AhbpsS
107

\nm-W-n-\v Imc-W-m-cmbhsc-n tI-dn-mepw Ncn-{X-am-Ipw. AXn-\w Ncn{Xw Fgp-Xp-Xn-\pdw a\p-jy cNn-p-Xm-Wv. PohnXm-\p-km-cn-bmb kw`-h-sf tImn-W-p-Xp Ncn-{X-ns LS\bvp Bh-iy-am-bn-cn-mw. Fp-shv Ip_v ssa\-dn-s\bpw apw ]n Bcpw {]Xn-]mZn-n-sp Icp-Xp-I. Ah Ncn-{X-ns `mK-asp hcptam? Ah-bpsS \nm-W-n\v Imc-W-am-b-h-cpsS Ime-L-hpw hwim-h-enbpw apw {]Xn-]m-Zn-p-Xv Ncn-{X-ns ]q-Xbvv D]I-cn-pw, At{X-bp-p. hy-am-bn--d-m, Ncn-{X-]p-cp-j-m-cpsS \mhgn Ncn-{X-K-th-j-I At\z-jn-t-Xv ]nd-tIm-m-Wv, aptm--. Ah-cpsS Pohn-X-kv]in-bmb kw`-h-fpw hkvXp-fpw Na-b-fpw BZyw Is--Ww. \qm-p-Ip-apv aa-dpt]mb hoc-]p-cpj-m-cpsS HmSn-o ]mZ-ap-{Z-I Xmfn-tbm-e-I, ]g-sm-p-I, inem- ^ - e - I - , \mW- b - , Icn- XqWp- I , Be- b - , {K]{Xamkn-I-I, ]mp-I Fmw \nco-n-p-Ibpw IYm-h-tij-am-b-hsb Iqn-tp-Ibpw sNt-n-h-cpw, Fmte AXv Ncn-{Xam-Ip. DZm: {InkvXp Ncn-X-n\v apv {InkvXp-kw-`hw \S-n-cn--Ww. Hgn I-dbpw aa-d Ipcnipw {InkvXp-\m-Ys\{]Xn tNmc- Nnnb c-km-n-Ifpw As\ XpSn ]nd-tImp t]mI-Ww. AXpt]mse, tXmam-o-lm-bpsS Ncn{Xw ssaem-q-cnse Id apX tIc-fnse Ggc ]n-I-fnIqSn FtZk hsc ISp sN-Ww. Cym-N-cn{Xw ]Tn--hp Adn-bmw, Abcm-Py--fn \np ISp-h cmPm--mcpw hnZq-c-tZ-i-p-\n-p- h-p-I-b-dnb hym]m-cn-Ifpw hwi-fpw Ah-tcmSp sNdp-p\n \mp-Imcpw Xn-ep-mb kwLjfpw bp-fpw AsXmsbmWv Cy-bpsS Ncn-{X-sa-v. Pbn-h \mSp- hm-Wn-cp-p. \mSp- hm-W-h sNbvX ]cm-{I-a-sf kvXpXns-gp-Xnb IY-bmWv \psS Ncn-{Xw. Ahv ]eXpw In s]-n. As\ Man makes History F sNmv A\z-am-Ip-p. {InkvXpinjy- \ mb tXmam- olmbpsS tIc- f - nse t{]jnX{]h-\s kw_-n-p hkvXp-\n-jvT-amb ]T-\-ns A`m-h-amWv BtKmfk`-bn Nnep kt-l-n\p Imc-W-sav tXmp-n-. A`ntIc-fns A\p-hm-NIcn A{X-sbmpw Bg- n At\z-jn--dn-bm Cd-n-p-d-s-Sm--hv, Nnn-n-X-dn-n-Sp hkvXp-X-Isf kam-l-cn-p-Zv{K-Yn-m Ah {Kln-m _pnap-p-v. hkvXp-X-Isf kao-]n-p--Xnepw hnth-Nn-p--Xnepw thXncn-hp-m-Imw. CjvSs-Sp-hsb Dbn-m-m\pw CjvSs-Sm-hsb Xmgvn-s-m-\p-ap {]h-WX Ncn-{X-Im-c-mn-S-bn ImWmw. Cu kml-N-cy-n-emWv s{]m^. tPmv ta\m-t-cn-bpsS {]h-\pw IrXn-Ipw {]k-n-tb-dp--Xv.
108

Nne s]mn-n-Sn-p kwi-b- 1. tIcf ss{IkvXhk`m-ss]-XrIw ]me-bq {]mcw`w Ipdn-p-Xv, tXmam-ol GXm\pw {_mWIpSpw-_-sf ss{IkvXhaXn tNp-sIm-mWv F ]c--cm-K-X-amb hnizm-ks Nne kwi- b n- p- p. ImcWw ]d- b m Ahp \ymbw Nne hntZikm-cn-IfpsS H-s hnh-cWamWv (hneyw temK). Fm - Bcy-m-cpsS tIc-f-{]-th-i\Ncn{Xw _lp-`q-cn-]w Ncn-{X-Im-c-mcpw tcJ-s-Sp-n-bn-p--Xv, Bcy-m IS-p-h-n-p-Xv Hcp KW-am-bn-, sNdp-K-W--fm-bn, ]e-tm-gm-bn-m-bn-cp-p. {InkvXp-hjm-cw-`-n\v cp \qm-p-Ip -apv Bcy-m tIcf-n IpSn-tb-dn-mp hn-cp-Xmbn ]-\m-`ta-t\m, {io[-cta-t\m, Un.-Fkv. i Fo Xt-iob Ncn-{X-Im-c-m GI IWvT-ambn tcJ-s-Sp-n-bn-p-v. ]cip-cm-as t\Xr-Xz-n-em-bn-cpp BZy-k-aqlw IS-p-h--Xv. 2. G .- Un. Hmw \qm-n tXmam-olmbpsS tIcf{]th-i-\n\p kmyX ImWm asmcp Iqp ]d-bm-\p--Xv, Pdp-k-sew apX tIc-fw-hsc k-cn-m A`ykvXhnZy-\-m tXmam-olmbvv B Ime-L--n Fs\ Ignp Fm-Wv. _n . -kn. aqmw \qmp XpSn bh\ ({Ko-v) cpw t]jy-mcpw tdma-mcpw tIc-f-n\nv Ipcp-ap-fIpw Cnbpw Idp-hm-]-bpw tXpw N-\hpw afpw abn-ep-Ifpw B\-smpw hmn-smp t]mbn-cp--Xmb Ncn-{X-ap-v. F.-Un. Hmw \qm-n Cdm\pw CuPn]vXpw tdma-m-cpsS A[o-\-X-bn-em-bn. Am-ev \nc-h[n Iep-I Ae-Ivkm{Sn-b-bn\nv apo-cnkv (sIm-Sp--q) Xpd-ap-Jp-h-n-cp--Xmbn s]cn--kv, o\n Fo Ncn-{X-Im-c-m tcJ-s-Spn-bn-p-v. tXma-ol ap ]e-bn-S--fnepw kphn-tijw Adn-bn--Xn-\v kmyX-Ifpw A`n-{]m-b--fp-ap-s-nepw temI-n asm-cn-Spw tIc-fn-e-msX tXmam-{In-kvXym\nIfmbn Adn-b-s-Sp--htcm tXmam-olmsb X-fpsS A-kvtXm-e-\m-bn, ]nXm-hmbn Gp ]d-bp--htcm D-Xmbn Bpw Adn-hn-. hnZqc ]q-tZ-iv Hmw \qm-n, X hnizm-k-amw Gphm-pw-ap-v, ss{IkvXh k` ]Sp ]-en-m XpSn F hkvXpX ]m-Xy-tem-I-n\v Dsm-m hnnjvSw ImWpw. NnXe-cn-m tcJm Ncn-{X--fn-eq-sSbpw CS-ap-dn-bm ss]XrI ]mc-cy--fn-eq-sSbpw F{X kan-mepw Ah-cn\nv ]ntbpw XnI-nh-cp ktl i_vZ- C\nbpw CS-bvnsS Dm-sb-p-h-cmw. Nnc-p-X-\-X-ambn ImW-s-Sp tZhm-eb Ah-in-jvS-fpw Ah109

bpsS m\v ]pXnn {]Xn-jvTn ]n-Ifpw cmP Xoq-c-fpw ap tcJ-Ifpw BZy ss{IkvX-h kh-cm-bn-cpp F-Xn\v Ahp A\p-h-Znp Inn-bn-cp Ah-Im-im-[n-Im-c-fpw \qm-p-I-fn-eqsS ]mSn-g-n hmsam-gn-io-ep-Ifpw Fmw ]pcm-X\ tIcf ss{IkvX-h-cpsS Cpw XpSp t]mcp ssIh-i-k--m-Wv. amey--cbpw sImSp--qcpw ]me-bqcpw tXmam-N-cn-X-ns t\hgn-bn aqSn-tm-Im \mgn-I--p-I-fm-Wv. kh sslh IpSpw-_m hnsm-gnp t]mIp-tm BZn ss{IkvX-h t{Xm-h-in-jvSfpw Ipfhpw ]noSp AhnsS ]Wn-Xp-bnb ]nbpw AXn-s\ms kmyw hln-m i-amb sXfnhp \Ip sht-\mSpw im]mSpw bqZ-ppw ap tcJ-Ifpw ammepw ambm inem enJn-Xfpw Fsm-s-thWw C\n Ncn-{X-n\v? ]me-bq-cp-\nv Xoc-tZ-ifn-eqsS - ISv Xriq-cn\v Ingpw ]Sn-mdpw sXpw hSpw nc-Xm-a-k-amnb Gsd henb Hcp P\m-hen Ah-cpsS Xe-ap-d-I-fn-eqsS ssIam-dntm ]mc--cy-p t\sc sImWnw ]d-m Cs Xeapd i_vZn-m-Xn-cn-n-. ]g-a-m s\n-te-n, a\-m-T-amn sImp-\-S amw Ifn-mp, dm ]mp (tXm-am-]w) tIp ioen-m--h Dm-IpI {]bmk-am-bn-cn-pw. ]mW ]mpw hoc-Sn-bm ]mpw tIp Xmfw ]nSn-m, ]gb \mep-sI-n\p ]pdp NS-n-cpv apdp-m apdp-p ]gb Xe-ap-d-bnse Imc-W-h-m thn-h-cpw. D]-kw-lmcw s{]m. tPmv ta\m-tcn tIcf k`-bn Cv Pohn-n-cn-p Ncn{X Kth-j-I-cn A{K-K-Wy\pw \nc-h[n {K--fpsS Im-hp-amWv. At-l-ns Ncn-{X-K---fpsS ]nXrXzw kz-am-nb Nnmk-m-\- Xmsg t]cp-sNmn hnfn-mw. 1. 2. 3. 4. sk v tXmakv {InkvXy Fssk-tm-]o-Unb Hm^v Cy Cy Nv lndn mknIvkv Zn \{km-Wokv tXmam]oUnb

Cu Nnm km-\- Fmw Xs At-l-ns hnm-\ns hnZyp--cw-K- {]k-cn-n-p--h-bp-am-Wv. C\nbpw At-l-ns kmln-Xy-]-cn-{i-a-pw [oj-W--K-thj-W-]m-S-h-n\pw hn{iaw A\p-h-Zn-n-n-. tIcf ss{IkvX-hcpw BtKmf k`bpw Htc {InkvXp-hns hnizmk

110

Pem-i-b-n Hnv hnip-o-I-cWw tXSp H kaq-l-am-sWpw AhnsS apn-\mse Ipfnp Ib-dp-hsc Ah-aXn-p A]-kz-c Cm-Xm-m, BZna k`m-a-sf hnip-n-bpsS ip{`-hkv{Xw AWn-bnm, taep--hsc {]m]vX-cm-p--Xn\v s{]m^. ta\m-t-cnv ]Iz-Xbm At-l-ns ]ucpj hynXzw {]tbmP-\-s-Sp-m ki- A\p-h-Zn-s Fp {]mn-p-p.

Fq ayqknbw

t^mUw bqWn. sse{_dn

cmPIob sse{_dn, Z tlKv

Xriq sktmakv tImtfPv

tlKv sse{_dn Avekv

sse{_dn Hm^v tIm{Kv

t\nb ayqknbw

\yqtbmv ]nv sse{_dn

111

Dr. Paul Pulikkan

The Mission of Church Historian

Church history is often regarded as an unrewarding and tiresome subject, studied because of the academic compulsions and by certain experts. For the real scholars in theology and other allied subjects, the learning of church history or better church in history is of paramount importance. It is in this respect the contribution of Prof. George Menachery assumes great importance in the historicization of Indian and Kerala Church. Historical method As popularly understood, History is not a blind memorizing of some facts and figures that happened in the past. What interests us is not so much the accumulated past of the church. We try to focus on the mutual interaction of both history upon the church and the church upon the history. In theological sense, history is the arena of Gods providential intervention in this world. It is not a haphazard, artificial, mechanistic working that God has in history. Church history deals with the presence and working of divine grace in the world. We study here the direction and destiny of the world towards the kingdom of God. We analyze the role of the church in proclaiming, celebrating, re-presenting the reality of Gods grace and of the Kingdom. In this proclamation, the Christ event has a central role. In the history of church and theology, the centrality of the role of Jesus Christ is clearly affirmed. Therefore our study of the church in history is intrinsically related to the contemporary situation of the world. The historical method is very important in todays theologization. 20th century has amply used the historical method, which is an up-to-date rereading of the biblical message with a deep search into the meaning of parituclar events in history. Gaudium et Spes, the Pastoral Constitution of the Second Vatican II states in n. 40: That the earthly and the heavenly city penetrate one another is a fact open only to the eyes of faith; moreover, it will remain the mystery of human history, which will be harassed by sin until the perfect revelation of the splendour of the sons of God. 112

Catholic History Up until now, only the north Atlantic history and culture (Europe and America) were the prevalent ones that shaped the history of the church. According to Karl Rahner, the renowned theologian of 20th century, the church has had two major historical moments and is now moving into a third. The first was the Jewish moment. The Christ event was preached in the beginning to Israel. This is the period of Jewish Christianity, with its centre in Jerusalem. The second moment, which is also very much culturally determined, is the moment of Hellenistic church, the church of Europe and Americas. The transition (or the break) from the first to the second took place, with the decision (or the many decisions) to carry the Gospel to the gentiles without imposing circumcision or other Jewish practices and customs to the new Christians. The third moment was inaugurated by the Second Vatican council (1962-1965), the Council of reform and renewal in the Catholic Church. It is where the church became truly catholic. There is a forward movement from a church that had previously given importance to the cultural heritage of Europe and North America to one that embraced all the cultures of the world. This transition from a north Atlantic church to a world church started in the council and that process is not yet complete. The role of church historian Today the historian, without prejudices and presuppositions, has to collect the data and interpret it, offering a balanced and impartial judgment of the event that took place. Likewise, church historian also takes into account the events in the life of the people of God, the community of believers and interpret those events in the great plan of God for humanity. The church is the body of Christ and thus it must be incarnate in history of the ordinary people, their life experiences, their struggles and successes. One can view church as a static reality with a focus on structure and organization. One can also look at the church as a dynamic and vibrant reality, ever open to the varied promptings of the Holy Spirit in different ways and sensitive to dialogue with the different cultures and religions of the world. This latter view is to be highlighted today in Church history. And this was the one supported and promoted by the Second Vatican Council. Thus church historian is an optimistic researcher in theology and the allied subjects. In this he can be compared to a journalist, who makes a story out of facts and figures a story that needs to be unbiased. Church historian objectively and cautiously evaluates the forward march of events in the wider panorama of the Kingdom of God. God calls human person and the community made of human persons for a right response in individual and social lives. It is the duty of the church historian to point out, without fear or favour, the riches 113

of churchs tradition as well as the failures in the response of the members of the church. Chevalier George Menachery, by his yeomen service in church history, has contributed greatly to the existing fund of knowledge on the Indian and Kerala church, especially the Syro-Malabar church. He is a great model for persistent research, often in archives and rooms where things are dumped this is the work of historian, which is often not much trumpeted before the people. Unfortunately the species of those scholars doing fundamental research in church history and theology is diminishing. Hopefully the example of this lay church historian would prompt those in the academic world to deepen themselves in church history.

Henry H.C.Q. Brownrigg from London

Very many congratulations on attaining the age of three score years and ten. Please accept my advice and avoid growing old gracefully. Growing old disgracefully is much more fun, and keeps your children on their toes. Alas, I do not think that I can leap in a plane and come to Ollur, but I will be there in spirit. I am sure that it will be a very memorable occasion. I was in Tamil Nadu in February, organizing projects on behalf of the British Association for Cemeteries in South Asia (BACSA), an organization with 2,000 members. We are restoring a superb but semi-ruinous C 17th Dutch Mausoleum, the size of a small house, in Nagapattinam. Also cemeteries in Chennai, Salem, Sankari Drug and Madurai. In Britain an excitement has been the election of a friend of mine. FraMatthew Festing, as Grand Master of the Sovereign and Military Order of Malta. As you may know, the Order issues its own passports and stamps and recognized as a state by forty Catholic Countries. The Grand Master, though a layman, ranks as a cardinal and has the style His Most Eminent Highness. Matthew is only the second British Grand Master in the Orders 900-year history. I am organizing a dinner at which he will be guest of honour. Anyhow, all the best, and I look forward to seeing you again when I am back in Kerala.

114

Ncn-{Xmh-t_m-[-ap ta\m-tcn kmdv

dh. tUm. tPmk^v sXmn--d-n

s{]m^. tPmv ta\m-t-cnsbn Hmp-tm Fs a\-n-tebvv IS-p-h-cp Hcp kw`hw ]d-bmw. hj--fmbn awK-e-pg skan-\m-cnbn sshZnI hnZymn-Isf {InkvXo-b-Ie (Christian art) F hnjbw ]Tn-n-p hyn-bmWv s{]m^-k ta\m-t-cn. Hcp s{IUn-ns hnj-b-am-W-Xv. Rm Xntbm-fPn Unmp-sans Uo Bbn-cn-p-tm sshZnIhnZymn-I ]Xn-hmbn ]d-bp Hcp ]cmXnbp-m-bn-cp-p. Nne Aym-]-I X ]Tn-n-p hnj-b-amWv Gw {][m-\-s--sX-pw, AXp-sImv IW-n-hn tPmen-`mcw (work load) X-fpsS ta ASn-tn-pp Fsm-s. ta\mtcn kmdn-s\-nbpw GXmv C-s\-sbms sshZn-Ihn-Zymn-I ]d-n-cp-p. Xs-bp-a-, Cs\ Hcp hnjbw ]Tn--t--Xns Bhiy-I-X-sb--nbpw ]epw t_m[y-ap-m-bn-cp-n-. {io ta\m-tcn km ]Tn-n BZy-_m-nse Hcp sshZn-Is\ GXm\pw hj-p-tijw Rm Ip-ap-p-I-bp-m-bn. hnIm-cn-b-\mbn \nb-a\w Innb Atlw Xs ]pXnb {]h-\-cw-Kv Hcp ]n]Wn-bn Gs-n-cn-p-Ibm-bn-cp-p. Atlw FtmSp ]dp: Am, Hcp ]pXnb ]n ]Wn-bn-t-n-h--tm-gmWv ta\m-tcn kmdns mkp-I-fpsS ta icnpw a\-n-em-b-Xv. ]n-bpsS \nmW-ssi-en, hnhn[ `mK--fpsS {Iao-I-c-Ww, AXn-\p- ]p-d-In-ep ssZhim-kv{X-]-c-amb Dm-gvN-I CsXms Ctm-gmWv IqSp-X a\-nem-Ip--Xv. A Cmcyw sshZnI hnZymn-I-tfmSp ]d-b-Ww. Rm Cu kw`hw hnh-cnXv, F{X henb A-W-t_m-[-tmSpw Bm-XtbmSpw IqSn-bmWv {io ta\m-t-cn- km, Xs Pohn-Xns D]m-k\bmbn Gs-Sp-n-cn-p ss{IkvXh-Iesb ]Tn-n-p-Xpw - AXns\ hfm {ian-p-Xpw Fp kqNn-n-m thn-bm-Wv. tcJ-I Imp-kq-n-p Imcy-nepw ]pcm-X\ Iem-cq-]fpw 115

inev]fpw th-hn[w ]cn-cn-p-Xnepw s]mXpsh ]ntm-amWv tIcf ss{IkvX-h Fv ]d-bp--Xn sXn-. s{]m^-k ta\m-tcn CXn\v Hcp A]h-mZ-am-Wv. tIcf ss{IkvX-h-cpsS X\na ap--hpa\-n-em-n-sm-Sp-m\pw ]nX-e-ap-d-Imbn Imp-kq-n-m\pw Atlw sNbvXp-sIm-n-cn-p tkh\w hfsc hep-Xm-Wv. Alamb AwKo-Imcw At-l-n\p e`n-n-ptm Fv F\nv kwi-b-apv. {io ta\m-tcn kmdv k]vXXn BtLm-jn-p Cu Ah-k-c-n At- l - ns hne- t b- d nb tkh- \ - C\nbpw tIcf ss{IkvXhk`bvpw Cu \mSn\pw [mcm-f-ambn e`n----hn-[-n ssZhw At-l-n\p Btcm-Kyhpw ZoLm-bppw \Is Fm-Wv Fs {]m-\.

Beph skan\mcn tKmYnIv Nm

bqWn. tImtfPv Xncph\]pcw

tv sse{_dn, Xncph\]pcw

sk v. tPmk^vkv tImtfPv tZhKncn

hnm ayqknbw tKmhWn

_mwKvfq bp.Svn.kn Kv lukv

116

Ncn-{X-ns Imh-em

mtmw amXyp.

ss__n hmbn-p-hm-\p-X, ]Tn-p-hm-\pw [ym\n-p-hm-\p-ap-- Xm-Wv. amtmm k`m Xe-h-\m-bn-cp am {IntkmkvXw sa{Xmtm-eo--bpsS A`n-{]m-b-am-Wn-Xv. Ncn-{X-{K--fpw CXmWv ey-amt- Xv Fv shfn- s - S p- p ]T- \ hpw Kth- j - W fpw, `mcXss{IkvXhNcn-{X-n \S-n-b-Xv s{]m^. tPmv ta\m-t-cnbm-bn-cp-p. `mc-X-ss{IkvXhNcn-{Xhpw ]mc--cyhpw {InkvXp-hns PohnXIme-L--tmfw \o-Xm-Wv. `mjbpw kwkvm-chpw Ncn-{Xhpw Dt Ign--Im-es kqvaambn ]T-\hn-t[-bam-n, `mhnXe-ap-dbvmbn tcJ-s-Sp-n, Ncn{X-ns Imh-em-fmbn amdp-Ibm-bn-cpp s{]m^. ta\m-t-cn. B eykm-m-XvIm-c-n-\mbn Atlw PohnXw ]p\-cWwsNp-I-bm-bn-cpp. hynk`-I-fpsS Iqm-bva-bn \-{X-tim-`-bp `mc-X-k-`-bpsS Ncn-{X-{]-[m\kw`-h--sf, sXfn-hp-I-fpsS kmy-tm-sS, temI-n-\pap-n Ah-X-cn-n-m At-l-ns ]cn-{i-a-p Ign-p. Ncn-{X-]-n-X, Kth-j-I, Aym-]-I, hnZymn Fn--s\bp _lp-apJ {]Xn-`-Isf ka-\z-bn-nv ampw Ign-bm kw`mh\ \Im s{]m^. ta\m-t-cnv Ign-p. \nc-h[n hj--fn-eqsS `mcXw apgp-h k--cn-v, ss{IkvXh ssZhm-e-b-, ]pcm-h-kvXp-tI-{-, ]pcm-X\ {InkvXy IpSpw-_ XpSn At\-I-bn-S--fn\n-mbn kam-l-cn ss{IkvX-h-N-cn-{Xtc-JI, Bbn-cWn\v t^mtm-I, Nmp-I, Adp-\q-dncw Ncn- - {X-k-`m-]-n-X-m-cpsS ]T-\-te-J-\- Fn-h-sbmw Ds-Sp-nb-XmWv sk v tXmakv {InkvXy Fssk-tm-]o-Unb F al-Xv{Kw. CXp Xm-dm-p--Xn-eqsS s{]m^. ta\m-tcn k`m-ip-{iq-j-bn AXp-ey-kw-`m-h-\-bmWv \In-b-Xv. ssZhw {]tXyIw Xnc-s-Sp-v
117

\ntbm-Kn Npa-X-em-\n-l-W-n kan-X-a-\p-jy-\m-bn-cpp Atlw. {]Xn_--tfm-tcmpw adn-I-S-m ssZhw IqsS \S-p-I-bm-bn-cpp. ssZh-P-\s C{km-tb-en-tebvv \bn tami-tbm-sSmw ssZhw F-Xp-t]m-se-bm-bn-cp-n-Xv. ssZh-I-ev]-\-I \S-n-em-p D]-I-cW-sa Xncn--dn-hn Hmtcm {]hr-nbpw ]q-X-bn \S-m-m Atlw {]tXyI {i-bn-em-bn-cp-p. `mc-X-k-`-bpsS ]ucm-Wn-I-]m-ccyw shfn-s-Sp-p-Xn-eqsS k`-bvs-Xn-cmb {]N-cWsf {]Xn-tcm- [n-p-I-bm-bn-cpp At-lw. ssZh- I - e v ] \ \nd- t h- m- \ p D]- I - c - W - a mbn kzbw ]cnh\wsN-s-Sp-hm Rm Xocp-am-\n-p. Hcp inpw, Bpw B ey-n\v XS-am-Ip-hm Ign-bn-s ]q-t_m-[y-tmsS cmhpI ]I-ep-I-fm-n {]hn--tm, Ign-hp-I \In ssZhw hgn- \-Sp-Ibm-bn-cp-p. s{]m^. ta\m-t-cn-bpsS Hmtcm {]hr-n-bnepw ssZhoI-kv]iw hy-am-bn-cp-p. `mc-X-ss{I-kvX-N-cn-{X-ns ]nm-p-d- tX-Sn, Hfn-p-In-S cl-ky- Is-m-\p s{]m^. ta\m-t-cn-bpsS bm{X-Xs CXpsImv Ncn-{X-am-Wv. ]e Ncn{Xkvamc-I--fp-sSbpw hkvXp-X-I-fp-sSbpw {]m[m-\yhpw Kuc-hhpw hnebpw Adn-bm-sX, Ah-KWn-s-n-cp-hbpw Dt]-n-s-n-cp-hbpw Atlw Is-n-bXv ITn-\{i-an-eq-sS-bmWv. Ncn-{X-{]m-[m-\yhpw apw {Ia-n tcJ-s-Sp-p-Ibpw Ah-X-cn-np-I-bp-am-bn-cp-p Atlw. \mYm, Acp-fn-s-bvXm-epw, ASn-b {ihnp-p F kq-k-aWat\m-`mhw ssZho-I-\nt-i-\p-k-cnv {]hn-p-hm s{]m^. ta\m-tcnp {]m]vXn \In. hnZymn-Po-hn-X-Im-e-L--nXs Gs-Sp-p Npa-X-e-I-fn kan-X-a-\-kv-\m-bn {]hn-p-Ibpw ]q-X-bn-se-n-p-Ibpw sNp-Xn s{]m^. ta\m-tcn {]tXyIw {im-ep-hm-bn-cp-p. s{]m^. ta\m-tcnbpsS kXoy-\m-bn-cp Im-SI a{nbpw No^v sk{I-dn-bp-am-bn-cp tUm. sP. Ae-Ivkm- A`n-{]m-b-s-Sp-I-bp-m-bn. ZoL-\m-fp-Ip-tijw 2004 amn _mwq-cn Ccp-hcpw Xn Ipap-p-hm \nan--am-Ip-hm teJ-I\p Ign-p. `mc-X-k-`-bpsS Ncn-{X-ns Bghpw ]cpw Xncn--dnv AXv BtKm-fk`bpsS Ncn-{X-ns `mK-am-m-\p s{]m^. ta\m-tcnbpsS - - ]cn-{i-a-sf BZ-c-thmsS AwKo-I-cn-p-hm\pw A-`n-\-n-p-hm\pw k-am-[y-a-m-bp s]mn-^n- Io-j ta[m-hn-bm-bn118

cp Bv_n-jv t^mfnbpw ap k`m-ta-[m-hn-Ifpw Xm-dm-bn-p-v. Itm-enm Xncp` ]c-tam--X-_-lp-aXn \In At-ls BZ-cnp-Ibpw AwKo-I-cn-p-Ibpw sNbvXn-cn-p-I-bm-Wn-tm.

kvt\l {_Z eqbokv a-fn, _lp apJ {]Xn-`-bmb s{]m^. tPmv ta\m-t-cn-bpsS k]vXXn BtLm-j-tm-S-\p-_-nv ]pd-n-d-p-hm Dt-in-p kvac-Wn-Ibn-tev Hcp teJ\w tNmZnv Fgp-Xn-bn-cp Iv e`n-p, \n. Cc-n-ep kvac-WnI Cd-p-hm Dt-in-ppsh--dn-bp--Xn Gsd ktm-j-ap-v. AXn\v Atlw XnIpw Al-\m-Wv. F\nv Ctm 77 hb-m-bn. Ins ImgvN A{X kpJ-a-. cp Inepw cataract operation Ign-p. ImgvN icnpw Xncnp Inn-bn-n-. hmbn-p-hm\pw Fgp-Xp-hm\pw ]p-n-. ]{Xw hmbn-m km[n-m--Xn {]bm-k-ap-v. IqSmsX Hm inbpw \jvS-sp XpSp-n. ]e Imcy-fpw _-s-Sp-m Ign-bp-n-. Cu Ah-bn Atlw Aln-p hn[-n Hcp teJ\w Fgp-Xm Rm Xopw A{]m-]vX-bm-Wv. Xncp-p-Spw_ k`-bp-ambn Atlw ]e-hn-[-nepw _-s-n-p-Xm-Wv. Rp IS-mSpw hep-Xm-Wv. hyn-]-c-ambpw Rm At-l-hp-ambn _-s-n-pXmWv. Cs\ Fgp-Xm {]bm-k-apv. Fnepw Ctm-gs Fs Ah a\-n-em-p-sav {]Xo-np-p. AXym-hiyw bm{X sNp-p. Fs hyn-]-c-amb Imcy-sfmw sNbvXp t]mcp-p. A{X-am-{Xw. I am really sorry to write this way. Thanking you Yours sincerely Sr. Franco.

119

{_Z fqbnkv afn Fw.-Fw.-_n.

ta\m-tcn IpSpw_kvac-W-I
1960IfpsS Bcw-`n-emWv ta\m-tcn Xd-hm-nse tPmk^v tPyjvT acn-bm-]pcw B{i-an-\-Spv hoSp ]WnXv Xma-k-am-n-b-Xv. {Kma-oW -km-nIhf t\Sp--Xn\pw IqSp-X kpJ-ku-I-cy-pambn \K-cfn-tebvv Xmakw ampI km[m-cWamWvv. Fm, \Kckam- \-amb Hq-cn\n,v Am-ev ]cn-anXkuI-cy- am{X-ap, acnbm-]pcw {Kma-n-tebvv tPmk^v tPyjvT\pw IpSpw-_hpw Xma-k-mcmbn Fn-bXv Am-p-Imv Hcp ApX-am-bn-cp-p. Av tdmUv sshZypXn sSe-t^m kuI-cy- hfsc hnc-fam-bn-cpp AhnsS. sa-s kuI-cy-fn\nv t]mcm-bvaIfn-tebvv IpSn-tbdn ]mm - Fnb tPmk^v tPyjvT, HqImv ]e-hn-[-n {]nb--c\pw BZ-c-Wo-b\p-amb hyn-bm-Wv F-dn--tm Ahv Bm-`nam\tlXp-hm-bn-op. BbnsS Xriq sk v tXmakv tImsf-Pn Aym-]ItPmen Innb aI tPmv ta\m-tcnv tImsf-Pn-tebvp bm{X Hcp {]iv\-ambn-cp-p. Hq ]Sn-msd Am-Sn-bn\nv sabn tdmUvhsc \Ssn _kv Ibdn Xriq _kv mn-en-dn tImsf-Pn-tebvv \Ssp-hm apm aWn-p-tdmfw A\p-Zn\w sNe-hm-t-n-bncp-p. Cu kab\jvSw Hgn-hm-m-\m-hpsav At-l-w Ip. -- -acn-bm-]p-cp\np Xmc-Xtay\ Xncp Ipd tdmUm-bXn-\m Aev]ka-bw-sImv bm{X \S-m-\m-Ip-sav Atlw IW-p-Iq-n. sNdp--ns Npdp-Np-dp-psImv acn-bm-]p-cp\nv an\n-ss_n sk v tXma-kn-se-p-hm tPmv ta\m-t-cnv Ap an\nv aXn-bm-Ip-am-bn-cp-p. Xs `mh-\bn-ep henb Imcy- \n-ln-m {][m\ LS-I-amb kabw F-s\-sb-nepw Is-Ww F hy{K-Xbpw \nbZmVy-hp-amWv Hq-cn \nv ta\mtcnIpSpw_w amdn Xma-kn-p-hm Imc-Ww. IqSmsX, ae-_m anj-\dn {_tZ-gvkns amXr-`-h-\-amb anj tlmapw
120

Ahn- S ps Znhy- I m- c pWy \nXym- c m- [ \tI{hpw BIj- I - a mbn Xoncn-mw. Hpw Ime-hn-fw-_-at\y, tPmk^v tPyjvT \mp-Im-cpsS {im-hnj-bhpw t\Xm-hp-ambn Xop. PmXn-a-X-hy-Xym-k-as\y, Fm IpSpw_--fnepw s]mXp]cn-]m-Sn-I-fn Atlw {]tXyI Wn-Xm-hm-bn-cpp. Xs Wn-p Fm-bn-Spw kn-ln-X-\mbn BXn-tYbsc Atlw Xr]vXn-s-Sp-p-am-bn-cp-p. \ Db-chpw {]uV-amb apJ-`mhhpw kvt\l-k--hpw Ipeo-\-hp-amb s]cp-amhnti-j-fpw hgnbmbn GXp kZ-nepw tPmk^v tPyjvT\v {]apJm\w e`n-p-am-bncp-p. \mp-Im-cpsS GXp Bh-iy-n\pw ap]-n-bn \nv {]hnm-\p Ignhpw k--Xbpw HuZmcyhpw At-ls Ghpw th-s--h-\m-n-op. P\-t\-Xm--fpsS ]epw km Hm^nkp-I-fnepw sNv hop-Im-cp-tS-tbm, \mp-Im-cp-tStbm, hyn-I-fp-sStbm Bh-iy- Ah-k-tcm-Nn-X-ambpw bpn-bp--ambpw kanv Imcy t\SnsmSp-m-hm-\p At-l-ns Ignhv Hv thsdXsbm-bn-cp-p. Cu teJ- I s\ kw_- n- n- S - t mfw, ta\m- t cn tPmk^v tPyjvT\pw s{]m^. tPmv ta\m-t-cnbpambp kplr-Zv_w A{]Xo-n-X-ambn hoWp-In-nb Hcp `mKyhpw ssZhm-\p-{K-l-hp-am-bn-cp-p. Am-ev acn-bm-]p-cs bqWn-b {]ns amt\-P F \nebn {]hn-p-hcn-Ibm-bn-cpp Rm. Xma-kn-bmsX tPmv am - sk v tXma-kn-\-Spv Bcw-`n Cu^ _pIvkv F ]pkvX tjmn\p-thn ]e ]pkvXIfpw A-Sn--p-hm-\p k`w F\np - e`n-p. ]mco-knse {]kn--amb Cu^ tKm]p-c-ns Nn{X-ap _pIvm-fns j Cpw Fs Hm-bn-ep-v. Hcp _pIvm-fn\p Cu^ Sh-dns \maw \Ip--Xn FmWv {]kn Fv Rm ]e-tmgpw Nnnpam-bn-cp-p. D-X-amb ey-fpw BZi-fpw hp-]p-en-bm am{Xta Pohn-X-n [\y-amb ]S-hp-I-fn-tebvv Db-cp-hm Ignbq F Nn-bm-bn-cn-Ww CXn-\p- Im-c-Ww. bqWn-thgvkn-n-bnse ]e Ivfmkp-I-fn-tebvpw sSIvp _pp-Ifpw t\mp-Ifpw, {]kn kmln-Xy-Im-cm-cpsS Ipsd {K-fpw Atlw acn-bm-]p-cv A-Sn-np-I-bp-m-bn. ASn cwKv- hj--tfmfw \o _ R Xn hyn-]-c-amb kulrZw Bg-s-Sp--Xn-\p tlXp-hm-bn-Xop. \ntXy\ cmhn-sebpw sshIpt-chpw, ka-bpw Ak-a-bpw Atlw {]q^v hmb-\bvv {]n Fpam-bn-cp-p. tPmv am-dptSXm ]pkvX-I--fpsS {]q^v hmb-\bpw At-ls-smv \S-nv B kvt\l-_w apX-em-m Rm {ian-npv Fp-IqSn ]d-bm-Xn-cn-m h.
121

hj-p-tijw, 1983 ]mco-knse Cu^ Sh kinm F\nv Ah-kcw Inn. 1000 ASn Db-c-ap-Xpw temI-a-lm-pX--fn Hmbn KWn--s-n-cp--Xp-amb B tKm]p-c-ns Dn-bn Fn-\n-tm ta\m-tcn kmdns Cu^ _pIvkns Nn{Xw Rm HmpI-bpmbn. D-X-ey- a\-n h-p- ]q-Pn-p-hm ta\mtcn kmdn\v Cu^ tKm]pcw t{]c-W-bmbno-Xn hnkva-b-an. tPmk^v tPyjvTs Ba-fn cm-a tXmakv Fw.-F. Ignv Cutim k`-bn tNv sshZn-I-\m-bn dh. tUm. ^m. C.sP. tXmakv Fkv. sP. ]Tn-m [mcmfw km[y-X-Ifpw kuI-cyfpw D Cutimk`-bn tNcp--Xn-\p-apv Fw.-F. hsc-bp ]T-\sehv A\m-hiy-ambn tXmakv Fs-smv hln-np Fv kvt\lns `mj-bn tPmk^v tPyjvT ]cmXn ]d-bp-am-bn-cp-p. aqmas aI tUm. C. sP. sPbnwkv Fn-\n-b-dnw-Kn _ncp-Zm-\c_ncpZw t\Sn tImgn-tmSv Pe-hn-`hhn-Ik\ Kth-jW tI{-ns - Ub-d-IvS-dmbn Xop. Hcp {]kn-o-IcWtI{w m]np hfn-sb-Sp-pI Xs apJy - - PohnXZuXy-ambn a\-n Ipdn-p-sIm-mWv s{]m^. tPmv ta\mtcn Cu^ _pIvkv Bcw-`n--sXv tXmp-p. HgnhpZnh-k--fn AtlwXs ]pkvX-I-s-p-I ASppw AI-se-bp-ap _pIv tjmp-I-fn sImp-t]mbn hnev]-\bvv Gev]n-p-am-bn-cp-p. Hgnhp-Zn-hksImv Cu ]pkvXIhn-XcWhpw ]Ww ]ncn-epw \n- - - ln-m-sav Atlw Icp-Xn. kabw IrXyw IW-p-Iqn ]Ww hmnm-s\-p-tm D-chm-Zs hynI e-n-msX hcn-Itbm, ]Ww Xm-dn Fv ]d-bp-Itbm sNp-tm hopw t]mtI-n-h-cpam-bn-cp-p. Ipd-p- I-gn-tm At-ln\p t_m[y-ambn Cu ]pkvXI--hSw tImsf-Pnse Hgnhp Znh-k-sImv Hbvp \n-lnm-\m-hn Fv. AXp-sImv {]kvXpX- tPmen Gev]n-p-hm ]nb Hcp sNdp--m-cs\ Ip-]n-Sn-mtam Fv Atlw FtmSp tNmZnp. \ amtm-Sp-IqSn 10-mw Ivfmkv ]mkmbn cp hjw I-gn-npw tPmensbmpw BImsX \wXncn-bp ]mh-s Hcp ]s\ Rm kmdn\v ]cn-N-b-s-Spp-Ibpw sNbvXp. Atlw A[n-Imc]{X-tm-Sp-IqSn Ahs\ ]Ww ]ncn-p-hm sIm-tbvv ]d--b-p. AXym-h-iy-ambn hcn-I-bm-sW-n cp Znhkw AhnsS Xt-n-hm sNehp Ipd temUvPp-Ifn Xmakn-m-hp-Xm-sWv A\p-hZn-n-cp-p. aqmw Znhkw If- Ignv Xncn-p-hv IW-t-ev]n--tm A\p-`-h-s Hcp Imcyw At-ls

122

Ap-X-s-Sp-n. cp -cm{Xn Ghpw sNe-th-dnb tlm-en Xmaknv hne- Iq-Snb `Ww Ign-mWv Ah Xncn-p-h--Xv. AXr]vXn Hpw ImWnmsX Atlw IWv kzoI-cnv Ah\p am\y-amb {]Xn^ew \In. Xma-kn-bmsX Atlw sIms ]pkvXIS-I-fp-ambn sSe-t^m-Wn _-s-p. Hmw Znh-kw-Xs Ah kwJy- sIm-Spp-Ignncpp-shv a\-n-em-bn. AtXmsS {]kn-o-IcWcwK-p ta\m-tcn kmdns taml-- AkvX-anp. Cu ]cm-P-b-nqSn Hcp al-mb Zi\w At-l-ns a\-n DZn-p-bp. AXmWv kz-amb {K-cN\bpsS Bcw-`sap tXmp-p. {K-cN\bvv IqSp- - - X kabw e`n-p-hm-\mbn Xriq-cn Hcp hmSI hon-tebvv Atlw Xmakw amp-I-bp-w sNbvXp. Xs a-fpsS hnZym-`ymkw Xriq \K-c-nse ]e kvIqfp-I-fn- B-b-Xp-sImv Ahpw CXv hfsc ^e-{]-Z-am-sWv Atlw Ip. acn-bm-]p-cp\np bm{X-bpsS kabw As\ em`n-p-hm Ignp. Fm Xs hnZymn-I-fp-sSbpw Aym-]Ikplr-p--fpsSbpw, Adn-bnpw Adn-bn-m-sX-bp-ap, ki-\- ta\m-tcn kmdn\p ]e-tmgpw iey-ambn tXmn-bn-p-v. AXp-sImv Nne ]pkvXIcN-\-I-fpsS aqy-\y-n-em-bn-cn-p-tm, ]q-amb GIm-Xbvpw GIm-{K-Xbvpw-thn Xriq \K-cns GsX-nepw tlm-en apdn-sb-Spv Xma-kn-n-cp-Xv Fs Ap-Xs-Sp-nbn-pv. Atlw Fhn-sS-bm-sWv {ioa-Xn- amKnp-am-{Xta Adn-bm-am-bn-cp-pp. tlm-ens t]cv shfn-s-Sp-p-hm A\p-hm-Z-an-m-bn-cp-p. \Kcay-ns Hcp aljn-sb-tmse GIm-hmkw A\p-jvTnp-sIm-m-bn-cpp s{]m^. tPmv ta\m-tcn Xs I\-s {K-fpsS an\p-p-]Wn-I \n-ln-n-cp-Xv F Imcyw Fs a\-n Cpw Xn-\np Hcp \ Hm-bm-Wv.

123

Lets Ring out and sing our Joy!

Lets ring out Sapthathi Bells; Lets bring out heart-filled feelings Lets rally round dear Menachery to proclaim his pretty life and deeds. Lengthy shadow of the lofty Forane bell tower* Gently kisses quadrangular Erinjery Tharavad every morn Whispering the call to gaze to the heights of ancient glory Tracing the footprints of unique ancestors of repute Angel Raphael who walked with Thobias in solitary ways Ensuring push to move in unknown unthread paths Ever docile he was to the call from deep within Ever enduring he was to realize his cherished goals. Gathering and sharing wisdom is his persisting passion Printing and publishing is his ever-lingering hunger. So dear is to him ancient Erinjeri Tharavad in Ollur The abode enriched by ancestors of nobility and fame, A monumental house with stories for every tiny part Inexhaustible barn of self-esteem, courage and vigor. A man of vision and action, a star in the cloudy sky, Who mastered realms of words, history, arts and culture Brave he is to dream of a museum and bulky volumes Persevering he is to grasp horizons untouched by others. To the depths of history he dived and picked up pearls, To the heights of fame he soared up by wings of toil. Strong is his will power; dynamic is his word power, Unique are his talents to meet challenges of the times. In silence and solitude he laboured night and day In the sublime company of volumes old and new Amazed he was in the little relics of bygone days Pieces of craft in wood, stone or metal and mined books.

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A glaring star he is in the firmament of culture Enthusiastic and energetic even when entering seventies May the bloom of his much-awaited scholarly volumes Spread out nectar and fragrance in the years to come. O dear Menachery, crown of the family, pride of the people, May God have the joy that His dreams on you are realized in full.

* Forane bell tower = Bell tower of St. Antonys Forane Church, Ollur

Imqcnse Xmacpfw

125

tUm. C.sP. tXmakv

Fkv. sP. {]nkn-, sk v tPmk^vkv tImtf-Pv, I-q

Fs tN

Rm\pw tN\pw Xn cc hb-ns hyXym-k-ap-v. tN t\cs ]IzX h Hcp hyn-bm-bn-cp-p. R--fpsS IpSpw-_-n tNs Bf-Xz-n\v hntij Xnf--ap-m-bn-cp-p. Ap s]Ip-nI Ignv P\n--Xn-\m RfpsS IpSpw-_-nse apgp-h t]cpsSbpw {i tNs Imcy-n-ep-m-bn-cp-p. R-fpsS A--bpsS As (A-q-s?) t]cn--Xn-\m Ahn-sS-bp--hpw tNt\mSv henb kvt\l-am-bn-cp-p. sNdp-n-te-Xs {Inbm-Iambn {]hn- n-cp Hcp hyn-bm-bn-cp-p. Ip-n--fn-I-fntmepw Hcp hf-h hyn-bpsS `mhw Imn-bp-cp-p. sslkvIq- mn ]Tn-p-tm th\-eh[nv tN H-acn Hcp Ifn-ep-m-n. ASp honse - - - hey-\m-bn-cpp AXn\v {]tNm-Z\w. ssl-kvIq mn ]Tn-p-tm Xs Hcp Is-gpp amknI kz-ambn cNn-p. ]noSv Xrn-\mnnbn sk v tPmk^vkv tImtf-Pn ]Tn-p-tm Hcp am-knI {]n v sNbvXp {]kn-o-I-cn-n-cp-p. tdmUv tIm{SmIvSv aXn-bmn Ce-Iv{Sn- tIm{Sm-IvSn {]thin Fs A\v tNs\ Hcp FPn-\o-b B-W-sa-m-bn-cpp tamlw. tN\v kmln-Xy-nepw tPW-en-k-n-ep-am-bn-cpp Xm-]cyw. As \n-_--n\v hgn Cao-Un-tb-n\pw _n. F.pw KWn-X-imkv{Xw sFOn-I-hn-j-b-ambn ]Tn-p. Fm IWv ]Tn-phm Xm]-cy-an-sv t_m[y-stm Cwojv kmln-Xy-n-tev amdm Xocp-am-\n-p. asf FPn-\o-b B-Wsa As tamlw aqm-as aI - \nd-th-n. sNdpnXs ]c hmb-\-bpsS DS-a-bm-bn-cpp tN. aebm-f-nepw Xan-gn-ep-ap [mcmfw ]pkvX-I- Imq-cp Am-s
126

tiJ-cn-ep-m-bn-cp-p. kzmX-{y-kacn-t-Xmb B Imev tKma- - Xn, amXr-`qan BgvN--Xnv, \Z ap-X-emb {]kn-o-I-c-W- hon hcp-n-bn-cp-p. B\ hnIS, In ap-Xemb Xangv {]kn-oI-cWfn Am-\v henb I-am-bn-cp-p. tNs\ Xangv ]Tn-n-Xpw - - A-m--\m-bn-cp--s{X. Hq-cnse R-fpsS IpSp-_-ho-n [mcmfw Cwojv ]pkvX-I--fp-ap-m-bn-cp-p. lnp ]{Xhpw hcp-n-bn-cp-p. A\v [mcmfw s]-{^-vkv Dm-bn-cp--Xn-\m Ah aptJ\ Atacn-bn-sebpw Cw-n-sebpw sF-en-sebpw {]kn-o-IcW e`y- - am-bn-cp-p. ssk, dotUgvkv Ub-P-v, ImenIv Ub-Pv, sse^v, Ce-kvt{S-Uv e \yqkv, sSe-{Km^v Zn\-]{Xw, ImenIv ^bkbnUv Fnh Hq-cnse hon hmbn-p-hm e`y-am-bn-cp-p. (ImenIv tIm{Kv Hq \S--tm Hcp FIvkn-_n-j \S--p-Ibpw AXn temI-nse Itm-enm {]kn-o-Ic-W- {]Z-in-n -sPbnwkv ta\m-tcn (Nm-n-f-b-) bpsS mfn\v km\w e`n-p-Ibpap-m-bn.) tN Fm Znhk-hpw _n_n-kn bn-epw, FsF-B epw hncp hm-I {in-p-tIp hne--bn-cp-p-am-bn-cp-p. (1950sem asm Fcn-tcn hon tdUntbm D-m-bn-cpp). ]T-\-n tN anSp-\m-bn-cp-p. Aym-]-I-v tN-s\pdnv \ aXn-m-bn-cp-p. _pni-n-bpsS Imcy-n tN\pw Fs A\pP\pw Hcp-t]m-se-bm-bn-cp-p. Rm\pw tN-\pw Xn Nnetm hgnSm-dp-v. tN ap--h-cp-ambn CS-]-gIpXn \nb-{-W-ap-m-n-bncp-p. Rm Fmh-cp-ambn CS-]-g-Ip kz`m-h-m-c-\m-bn-cpp. Cu sshcpyw ]e-tmgpw Akz-X Dm-n-bn-p-v. s]mXp-cw-Kv {]th-in-m XpSnb-tXmsS tN IqSp-X-em-fp--Ifpambn CS-]-gIm\pw AXp-aqew Iq-Sp-X P\-k--X-\m-bn-o-cp-hm\pw XpS-n. hntam-N-\-ka-c-Im-ev- hnZymn t\Xmhpw ]noSv tImtfPv bqWn-b sNbam\pw, B CUym \yqam Atkmkn-tb-j sshkv {]kn-Upw Bbn. Ans\ H-cp-]mSp kwL-S-\-I-fn {]-h-nv Xs kwL-S-\m-]m-Shw sXfn-bn-p. k]vXXn BtLm-jnp Cu Ah-kcn Xncn-p-t\m- p-tm tN A`n-am-\Ic-ambn Hncn Im-cy- sNbvXn-p-Xmbn ImWmw. Rfpw B A`nam\n ]p-tN-cp-p. XpSpw I--\nc-X-\mbn aptmpt]m-Im ssZhw tPyjvTs\ A\p-{K-ln--s.

127

kn. Hmkv_K kn.Fw.kn

A\nb
]me-bq thZn-bn\nv amm-bpsS AwKo-Im-cap{Z A`n-hy ]nXmhn \np Fs A\pP s{]m^. tPmv ta\mtcn Gp-hm-nbXp I-tm 55 sIm-p-apv Imq t]ms_ sk v tacokv sslkvq A-W-n shv kvIqfns hmjn-I-Zn-hkw AXns Ay--]Zw Ae--cn-n-cp PUvPn-bn\npw kvIq A[n-Im-cn-IfpsS AwKo-Im-c-ns saU Ay- Xs jn-t IpnsIm-Sp Hm-bmWv h-Xv. aqp B-f-am--cmWv D-Xv. aqp-t]cpw Fs XmsgbmWv aqpt]cpw Hp-tNm hoSv ]ns i_vZ-ap-J-cn-X-am-bn-o-cpw. {][m-\-a{n Pl-hem s\{lp, cmjv{S-]n-Xmhv alm-m-Kmn, {io. C-hm-cn-b XpS-nb cmjv{Sob t\Xm--m-sc-bpw, kn\n-a-Xm-c--fmb cmPvI-]qcpw, Zneo]hvIp-amdpw \okpw Iman-\n-I-\-iepw Fp th ]Tn-n Bcm-[y-cmb Aym-]-Isc Ipdnpw N sNpw. Hmtcm-cpcpw Xmm- ]d-bp-Xv BWv \-sXp kan-m Abw {ianpw. Ch Cs\ Xnp--Xpw _lfw FSp-p--Xpsamw ImWm Am-v henb ktm-j-am-Wv. Ah-km\w Amv CjvS-s Hp-cp ]mp-]mSn sImSp-pw. Ae-Isf apdnv Acbw t]mse IS-p-h-nbpw \on, Imp-kq-n-smcp IkvXqcn-am-gw Im sImn t]mbv At! ]n, ]mv, Hsmsbp--h\n Atm A ]dbpw Fs aqp Ba-pw Ah ]Tn GsX-nepw kvIqfn \nv \ kz`m-h-n-\p km\w Inn-bn-pv. aqmfpw hon Hp-h-m N-bpsS Xo{h-X-bm Rm ]pdp-I-Sp \nev-Ww. Apw ktm-j-am-Wv. a-fpsS Cu Xqw ImWm Ah-km\w CSbvp Abpw A`n{]mbw ]d-bpw. Cf-b-h tXmevm-dm-Ip-tm Icv A-bpsS ASp- A`bw tXSpw N sNbvXp Hp Xon-se-m Imcy- ]noSv A-\pw, Cf-b-128

mcpw hcp-tm Hcp Xosmcn N sNbvXv Xocp-am-\n-pw. sNdnb mn ]Tn-p-tm Xs Is-gpp amknI Fgp-Xm-dpv. tPmbv AXn\v _me Fp t]cp sImSp-p. Xrin-\m-n-n-bn ]Tn-p Imev tlm tUv Cwo-jn Hcp \mSIw FgpXn Ipn-Isf sImv A`n-\-bn-np Imq-cs Am- AXn\p Ah\p Hcp henb {]tNm-Z-\-am-bn-cpp \ \ ]pkvX-I- Am hmnbvm-dp-v. hn{I-am-Zn-Xy IY-I, Np-ta-t\ms Cp-teJ XpSn ]e-Xpw. BgvN--XnpIfpw hmm-dp-v. Ddq-_ns \o-IY Ans\ amXr-`qan BgvN--Xn-n \nmWv hmbn--Xv. Ipfn-p-tm shw-tImcn Hgn-p ]m{X-n Hcp sNdnb Zzmcw Dm-bn-cp-p. AXp Hcp henb h-bv--bn-en-nv B Zzmc-n IqsS Ibdn ]m{Xw apm F{X-kabw FSp-p-sav \nco-n-pw. ]e \nco-W-fpw ]co--W-fpw sNdp--n Xs \S-m-dp-v. Hcp-Zn-hkw hon Hme sImv hoSp-mn Ifn-p-tm hSn-Ifv sIm Ib apdnp. \ aq-bp In-bm-b-Xn-\m shn-b-tm Ahs Nqm-Wn-hn-c-ens Xpv apdn-p-t]m-bn. Xpn-m NqmWn-hnc-emWv Cpw. Ctm XpW-san F{X Bkv]{Xn-I Ibdn Cd--Ww. apdn-hv A-bpsS hnZKv[ NnIn--bn HcmgvN sImv kpJam-bn. Xpem-am-k-n \ agbpw CSn-bp-ap--tm A-s\ R cpt]-scbpw sImp-h-cm Imq kvIqfn Abpw. Am-s Ipf-p-Ip-S-bpw, A-bpsS ImIp-Sbpw Dm-Ipw. A-s In R-fpsS app-Ip-S-I hmn ]Icw F\nv Ipfp IpS-X-cpw. AbpsS ImIpS Ah\pw sImSppw ]ns knbpw hmn-n-SnpwSmdn-Sm hgn-bmb Ipgn-I-fn shw \nevp-p-m-Ipw. B Nfn-shw sXdn-nv \S-pw Ah kn In-en-mXp-sImpw henb IpSbm-b-Xp-sImpw Ah shw sXdn-nv \S-p-I-bm-Wv. C\n As\ hntS R F-s\-sb-epw hp-sIm-pw. R As IqsS \S-p-tm Ipn-I Rsf t\mn Nncn-pw. As\ A-s ieyw Xop Inn. ]d-n Fp-tm cp tXmSp ISm-\p-v. A-s\ tXmSns Acn-Ip \npw. R hcp-tm A- tXmn Cdn \nv Rsf Cu Ic-bn \np B Ic-bntep IS-n-sh-bvpw, Am Imens Xps-nepw sh-n apn-Ww Fp ]d-bp-tm hey C{_m- Xwkm-cn-pw. (h-g-p-]d-bpw) Fp ]dv Am- ImWmv apn-pw agbpw sh-hpsamw ImWm Fp `wKn-bm-bn-cp-p. Xma-c-p-f-ns Icbvv Ip-fw, a, Ibv], ]S-hew Hs \Sm129

dp-v. Am- AXp t\mm t]mIp-tm Rfpw IqsS-t]mbn AXp hf-cp-Xpw apw t\mn-\n-evpw. hmSm ]--dn-I [mcmfw Ign-n-p-v. AXp t]mse ]b-dpw. kvIq hnp hm Fm-hcpw IqSn Ifn-pw. {][m\ Ifn {^phm-dmWv ]ns _mvsaWpw dnpw. Ans\ Ifnpw Xq-Snbpw `-npw R hfp hep-Xm-bn.

Hq ]n

130

tUm. C. sP. sPbnwkv

tPmbnt-s\-p-dn-v Hmp-tm

BIpn-I P\n-p-hm t\mp-t\m-n-cp Imew. {]tXy-Inv amb mcmb amtXma {InkvXym-\n-I. sImu-tk^v Iptn Z-Xn-Iv Ap s]Ip-n-Ip -tijw ktm-j-ambn IS-ph tPmbn--bmWv C. sP. tPmpw ]noSv tPmv ta\m-t-cn-bpambn ]cn-Wan-Xv. Am- (F-cn-tcn tXma) acn-tijw BZy-ambn - IpSpw-_-n P\n BIp-n-bm-b-Xn-\m tXma Fp \ma-IcWwsNt--Xm-bn-cp-p. {]tXy-Inv Am- acn-Xv A\v \memaXpw s]Ipn P\n--Xp-sIm-p Zp:JwsImm-sWv \mp-Im ]dn-cp Ime-am-b-Xn-\m. Fn-cp-mepw aq- a-I, BIp-nI-fn-m-Xn-cp `mcy-bpsS As (]p-]pc Ipp-hdn-Xv) t]cp \IW-sav A \n-bn-p. ]p]p-c-m-cm-Is, At-l-ns As t]cn-Sm km[n-msX t]mb Zp:Jn-ep-am-bn-cp-Xn\m hmdpn Fp t]cn-m \m-Ip-sav tXmn. As\ tXma-bmtI tXma-]o-Snbm-c Fcn-tcn sImu-tk^v Iptn aI hmdp-n-bm-bn. Fgp-]Xp sImw apv Imq sk v tacokv ]n-bnse amtam-Zok cPn-dn m\w]nSn-p. Ipp-hdoXpw hmdp-n-bp-samw tPmv Xs. Cw-nse cmP-]-c--c-bpsS ssien-bn, tPmbnsb ]p]p-cbnse tPmv \mem-a\mbn AwKo-Icn-p. ]np \Inb Imk-bnepw ]oem-kbnepw CXv tcJ-s-Sp-n-bn-p-s{X. sImu-tk^v Iptn Z-Xn-Iv cm-a-sXmcp BIpn P\n-v, tXma (Fr. E.J. Thomas S.J.) Fp t]cn-Sp-Xp-hsc, Fcn-tcn honse Nne ImcW-h-m tPmns\ tXma FmWv hnfn-n-cp--X-s{X. Ans\ Hcp tPmv tXma-bp-m-bn. \{kmWn ]mc-cyw hcpwXe-ap-d-I-fnte-bvs-n-m Hcp tXma-]o-Sn-Ibp-apm-bn. tNs sNdp-n A-bpsS A (a-Sn-oe Ic-sen s^bnw ISn-n\n tXmas aI) acn-Xn-\m A-bpw afpw Am-s\ ip{iq131

jn-m Imqv IpSn-tb-dn. As B{K-l-{]-Imchpw ]pk-Xtm-Sp-wIq-Sn-s. As\ tN Imq t]mws] sk v tacokv kvIqfn ]mw-m-kp-hsc ]Tn-p-hm CS-bm-bn. Cu ka-bv Am tNs\ Zi-\-n tNp-Ibpw {]tk-n-hmgvN \S-p-Ibpw ap-ap-m-bn. CXn-s-sbmw ^e-ambn BIp-n-I- C-m-Xn-cp ]p]pc Xd-hm-nse A\--cm-h-Im-in-bmWv Xms\ Hcp [mcW amjn- Dm-bn. (Fs Hcp sImw sk v tXmakv tImsf-Pn ]Tnn-p-p--Xn-\m amsj-pw, s{]m^-k-sdpw A`n-kw-t_m-[\sNp-Xn sXp-sv tXmp-n-). s{]m^-k AXn-sepw A`n-am-\np-Ibpw ]pf-Iw-sIm-p-Ibpw sNbvXn-cp-Xmbn tXmn-bn-p-v. BImc-nepw {]Ir-X-nepw ]p]pc Nph-bp-pXm-\pw. kvIqfn ]Tnp Imev A-sbpw A-bp-sSbpw CjvSkm-\-hpw, Ftf--mcp-sSbpw Am-bn-am-cp-sSbpw _p--fp-sSbpw In-ep-nbpw s]m-cpsS kvt\l-]m-{X-hp-ambn hnf-p-hm tN\p Ign-p. sNdp-n (h-ep--n-epw) \ `n-bp Ipn-bm-bn-cp-p. Fm Znh-khpw ]n-bn t]mIp-Ibpw {]mn-p-Ibpw sNbvXn-cp--Xmbn A ]dbm-dp-v. \ A\p-k-c-W-bp Ipn-bm-bn-cp--s{X. Am-bvv ss__n hmbn-p- hni-Zo-I-cnpsIm-SppXv I-Xmbn Hmp-p. 10-mw mkv Ignv C-dn\v ]Tn-m tNs\ Xrn-\m-n-n-bnse Cutim-k-`-m-cpsS sk v tPmk^vkv tImsf-Pn-te-bv-b-p. ]noSv Ahn-sS-s _n. G. bvv KWn-X-imkv{Xw sFnIhnj-b-ambn FSpv ]Tnp XpSp. sImn cmPm-hns tIm{Sm-Iv{Samcm-bncp Fcn-t-cn-mv tPmbn Hcp Fn-\n-b-dmbn ImWm-\m-bn-cpp B{K-lw. IWp mkp-I Ip-sNbvXv ap Xmev]-cy-ap mkp-Ifn sNn-cn-p--Xmbn Cutimk`m ]mXn-cn-am hop-Imsc Adn-bn-ncp--s{X. Am-ev ssIs-gp-pamkn-I-bnepw kmlnXyIrXn-I-fnep-ambn kabw sNe--hn-n-cp-p-shv kl-]m-Tn-I ]d-bm-dp-v. Ahv hm-bn-cp-sv amjvv tXmp--Xn sXn--tm. Ahv Xncn-pw. Cu Ime-bfhn-se-tmtgm `mhn-bnse Fcn-t-cn-s\ \mp-Im amjn - Zin-n-p-m-Imw. (Pm-k- Atm-sgbvpw acn-p-t]m-bn-cp-p). Xrn-\m-n-n-bn ]Tn-p Imev tN hcm R Fmhcpw Imn-cn-pw. F\nv Ap sImp-hpX {Inv skv Fs a Ign {InkvXp-a-n\pw s]mSn -Xn D]-tbm-Kn-n-cp-p. thsdmcn- Hcp cmP Ifn-mdv hmn sImp-h-p. ]nsm-cn- ]coWw sNm\pw kn\na ImWn-m\pw Hcp sekv sImp-hp Hcp ss_\m-p-te-gvkv. tap-c-bpsS D-c- Xn _n-nv ]mf--fp-mn \qep- Np-p t_m_n\pw Ip- sI-nb Nc-Sp-ap]-tbmKnv X\Xmbn HmSp s{Sbn-\p-mn Xp. s{Sbn-t\m-Sn-n-cp-Xv ]m132

b-ns apI-fn Ib-dn-\n-v. Bhn-bn HmSp at\m-l-cn-bmb Hcp I ac-n Xop arK-tfmSpw ]n-Itfm-Sp-ap Fs Xmev]cys cp tN-mcpw t{]mm-ln-n-n-cp-p. Hcp tN {InkvXp-an\p {Inp-m-p-tm as tN \-{X-hn-f-p-m-p-I-bm-Ipw. {][m-\-ambpw sIm-\n-bs B{K-l- \nd-th-m. Hcp \ Iqp-IpSpw-_-ns Npp-]m-Sn-em-bn-cpp amjv hfp-h--Xv. Xrn-\m-n-nbn\npw KWn-Ximkv{X ]T\w \nn Xriq sk v tXmakv tImsfPn [\-im-kv{X-n _n. G.bvv tN-tm amjmsI amdn-tm-bXmbn tXmn. \S--nepw {]hrn-bnepw t\Xr-]m-S-h-n-ep-sa-mw. tImsfPv bqWn-b-\p-I-fpsS `mc-hm-ln-bmbn, sNbam-\m-bn. D-X-hyn-Isf tImsf-Pn-tebvv Wn-p-h-cpn. hntam-N\ka-c-Im-ev hnZymn-Isf kwL-Sn-n-p--Xn Hcp {][m\ ]p- h-ln-p-Ibpw sNbvXp. Cm-ev Ham sick F t]cn Cwo-jn Hcp {]kn-oI-c-Whpw Bcw-`n-p. AXns {]Xn-I-fn-semv ASp--Im-ev ImWpI-bp-m-bn. sk v tXmakv tImsf-Pn ]Tn-p Imev Aev]w Kuc-hhpw I-i-amb \ne-]m-Sp-Ifpw ssIap-X-embn e`n-p- Fp tXmp-p. ]T-t\-XcXe--fn {i tI{o-I-cn-npw [\-im-kv{Xn _n. G. ]co--bn \ amtmsS _ncp-Z-sa-Sp-p. sNdp--nte Ie-bnepw kmln-Xy-nepw X]c-\m-bn-cp-p. \ hmb-\-ioew, cm{Xn aqp--\mep aWn-hsc hmb-\-bn apgp-Im-dp-m-bncp-p. Imq ]mc--cy-amWnsXv amjv ]e-tmgpw ]d-bm-dp-v. Iebnepw hmkvXp-hn-Zy-bn-ep-ap s{]m^-k-d-psS Xmev]cyw tXma-]o-SnIbvpw \{km-Wo-kn\pw thn FSp Nn{X--fn\npw kphy-am-Wv. apIme Ncn{XImc-m-scmpw th{X {]m[m\yw sImSpm-Xn-cp ]n--e-Isf t{ImUo-I-cn-p--Xn\pw Ahsb Ncn{X]T\-n-\p D]-I-c-W-ambn amp--Xnepw sNbvXn-p tkh\w Fm Imepw kvacn--s-Sp-sa-mWv Ncn-{X-hn-Zymn-I-fpsS A`n-{]m-bw. s{]m^-k-dpsS t^mtmtiJcw Hcp]mSp Kth-j-Iv {]tNm-Z-\-am-bnp-v. Iq-n F\npw Fs `mcy-bvpw. 1960IfpsS HSp-hn amjv t^mtm-bn Hn-sb-Sp ]e Iem-h-kvXp-fpw Cv \in-n--s \ne-bn-em-Wv. AXp-sImv Ncn-{X-hn-Zymn-Iv B[m-c-am-bp-Xv amjvsS Nn{X- am{Xw. _ncp-Zm-\-cw tImgn-tms tZh-Kncn tImsf-Pn tNv Xs CjvS-hn-j-b-amb Cwojv kmln-Xy-n Fw. G.bvv tNp. Av Xntbm-tU-jykv A\pw inh-cmakp{_-]vaWy Acpw apw Cwojv hn`m-K-n ]Tn-n-p-sIm-n-cp Ime-am-bn-cp-p. Ahsmw tN CjvS-s hnZymn-bm-bn-cp-s-mWv ]dptI--Xv. tImgn-tmm-bn-cp--tm Aev]w ZmZ Ifn-n-cp-sv ]noSv AhnsS hf
133

Fs a-tfmSv amjv ]d-bp-I-bp-m-b-s{X. cmw-hj Fw. G.bvv Xncp-h-\--]p-cs tIcf k-I-em-ime-bn-tebvv amw hmn- t]m-bn. Cu Ah-k-c-n Xriq\npw Xncp-h\]p-ct-bvv t]mIp-tm Xoh-n-bpsS hmXn Ccpv - - - tImbw tj-\nse mvt^m-an Xn Imens sjbvv Aev]w amdntm-b-Xmbn I Hm Cpw a\-n-ep-v. Xncp-h-\--]p-cv Aev]w lotdm-bnkw IfnXmbn AhnsS Dm-bn-cp Am-bn-bpsS a-fpsS ASw]d-n-en\nv tI-dn-n-cp-p. Ap-Im-ev Cwo-jv Fw. G.bvv {]iw-k-\o-b-amb coXn-bn Pbn-p-Ibpw dnkv Adn Ap-Xs Cf-b-s IqsS t]mbn sk v tXmakv tImsf-Pn eIvN-d-dmbn tNcp-Ibpw sNbvXp. Cf-b\v _km-d-s\ \mbn Adn-bm-am-bn-cp--s{X. tN DSs\ h sk v tXmakv Zn\-nse ]cn-]m-Snbvv amsj hop-Im AWn-bnv Hcp-n-hn-Xv Ctmgpw a\-n-ep-v. B Zn\-n tPmen Inn-b-Xn-\ptijw In-{]-kw-Khpw \S-n. amt\-P-cmb tam. t]m Nnn-e-nnv \mbn t_m[n-p. Aev]w cmjv{Sn-b-Nmbvhp In-I-fp-ambn tNv Ipd- p- \ m {]hn- s - nepw ]noSv ]cn- ] q- a mbn AXn\nv ]nn-cn-bm-\p Xocp-am-\-sa-Sp-p. tImgn-tmSv bqWn-thgvkn-n-bpsS sk\-nepw myq-dn ^n\mjy In-n-bnepw Cm-ev tkh-\a-\p-jvTn-n-p-v. Cu Imev ]n-m-cy--fnepw Xev]-c-\m-bn-cp-p. B Cy \yqam Atm-kn-tb-js sshkv {]kn-Umbn {]hn-p. Church in India Todaykt-f-\-n\v t]mbXv Hcp hgn-n-cn-hm-sbv amjv ]d-bm-dp-v. _mwq-cn \S kt-f-\-n amtmam {InkvXym\n-I-fpsS {]tXyI m\w \ne-\np--Xp-ambn _-s Hcp sdkeq-j Ah-X-cn-n-p-hm Ah-kcw e`n--s{X. CXn-\p-tijw amtmam {InkvXym-\n-I-fpsS Ncn-{X-n s{]m^-kv Xmev]cyw P\n-p-shv ]d-bm-dp-v. Xriq-cn se eoUjnv Cn-yqv Bcw`n-p--Xn\pw \S-n-sm-p-t]m-Ip--Xn\pw [mcmfw ]Wn-s-n-cp-p. Be-mv AtmWn As tIt-cn-bnse [ym\-a-n-c-n-em-bn-cpp CXns BZy-Ime Bm-\w. Nne-tm AhnsS mkp-I-sf-Sp-phm Fsbpw sImp-t]m-Im-dp-m-bn-cp-p. kl-{]-h-I-cp-ambn tNv Xriq tIsfPv tdmUn XpS-nb Cu^ _pIvkv Bcw-`-Zn-i-bn \mbn \S-p--Xn\v amjv apssI FSp-p. ]noSv B m]\w bn-p-Ibpw _m[y-X-I-tfm-Sp-IqSn amjns Xe-bn hp-ho-gp-Ibpw sNbvX-Xmbn Hmp-p. Cu Imeb-f-hn `mc-Xob kmlnXy kanXn F t]cn ae-bmf kmln-Xy134

nse \mb-Im-cpsS ap-tXmfw ]pkvXI {]kn-o-Icnv kmlnXy - kl-I-c-W-kwLw aptJ\ hnX-cWwsNbvX-Xmbpw Hmp-p. Cu kwcw-`--fn sNdnb tXmXn `mK-`m-m-Ip-hm F\nv Ah-kcw e`n-n-p-v. AXn Nmcn-Xmy-hp-ap-v. hnhm-l-n-\p-tijw Hpcp Ipn-I-fm-b-Xn ]ns-bmWv Adp-]-Xp-I-fpsS HSp-hn sk v tXmakv {InkvXy Fssk-tm-]o-Unb (Ctm tXmam-]o-Unb) {]kno-Icn-pI F bXv\n Gs-Sp-Xv. tN-\p-samv BZyambn ]mtd-m-n Xncp-ta-\nsb Iv A\p-{Klw hmp-hm t]mbXv Hmpp. Fssk-tm-]o-Unb ]-Xn-bn BIr-jvS-\mb Xncp-ta\n Hcp aWn-q-tdmfw hmtXm-cmsX kwkm-cn-p. tImWn-bn-dn-hcp-tm cp sa{X-\--m R-fn-dnhcm {]mnp ]c-h-i-cmbn \np-pm-bn-cp-p. tXmam-]o-Un-b-bpsS BZy Hm^okv At-cn-bnse hoSp-X-s-bm-bncp-p. A-bpsS henb tXpw-s]n ^b-env Im_n-\pw. `Ko-cY{]bXv\nIq-sS-bmWv s{]m^-k BZy-thm-fnbw tXmam-o-lm-bpsS 19mw Nc-a-i-Xm-_vZn-bpsS `mK-ambn 1972 {]kn-o-I-cn--Xv. Cu bXv\-hpambn _-sv hS-hm-Xq, [mcw skan-\m-cn-I-fnepw, {]kn-o-I-cW-hp-ambn _-sv sNs-bnepw s{]m^-k-dpsS IqsS Xma-kn-p Ah-k-c--fn Cu Imcy--fn-ep tNs `mh-\bpw ImgvN-mSpw hy-am-bn-cp-p. am tXmam ss]XrIw ap--hsc a\-n-em-p-Xn\pw, ]Tn-n-p--Xn\pw As\ \ne-\np--Xn-\p-ambn amjv A{im]cn-{iaw \S-n. Cu Ipcn-ip-bp--n hym]r-X-\m-bn-cp-tm IpSpw-_-n\v th{X ]cn-K-W\ sImSp-p-hm Ign-n-sv \mp-Imv A`n-{]m-b-ap-v. CXn\v Dcw ]d-tb-Xv amjns `mcybpw a-fp-am-Wtm. amjpw `mcybpw a-fp-samw Cu C\w {]m\- ns Ahn- ` m- P y- L - S - I - - f mbn Xon- p- v . Kth- j W]T- \ mbn klmbw sNbvXp-sIm-Sp-p-I, ayqkn-b- Bcw-`n-p-I, FIvkn-_n-j\p-I \S-pI, ]T-\bm-{X-I kwL-Sn-n-p-I, Htcm CSh-I-I-fp-sSbpw ]n-I-fp-sSbpw amlmyw shfn-p sImp-h-cnI Fn-s\ hnhn-[fmb taJ-eIfn Cv amjns {]hr-n-aew - - hym]n-p-In-S-p-p. kmcpw {]m-\-fpw tXmn-Sv s{]m^k hnP-bn-p-h-s{X.- AXns kwXr]vXn k]vXXn BtLm-jn-p Cu Ah-k-c-n s{]m^-kv Ds-p--Xn\v kwi-b-an-.

135

^m. sPbv_v Gd-\m-v

s{]m^. ta\m-t-cn Fs kvac-W-bn

1960Ifn Rm Fd-Wm-Ipfw sa{X-mtm-eo am tPmk^v ]mtd-m-n Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS sk{I--dnbpw AXn-cq-]Xm Nmk-e-dp-ambn tkh\w sNp-Ibm-bn-cp-p. A`n-hy ]nXm-hns\ kin-n-cp ]e al-p--sfbpw Rm kvacn-p-p. Ah-cn ]ecpw t]sc-Sp Fgp-p-Im-cm-bn-cp-p. hnZzm Fw. H. Ah-cm, {ioaXn B\n Xn, ^m. Bt_ kn. Fw. sF, sPbnwk,v sI. kn. aWn-a-e, sjh. hn. kn. tPmv, s{]m^. amXyp De-Iw-Xd, tPmk^v ssIam-]-d-, s{]m^. sI. Fw. Xc-I, s{]m^. ]n. kn. tZh-kym, tUm. Fw. hn. ss]en, kn. sI. aw XpS-n-b-h Ah-cn s]n-cp--Xmbn Hmp-p. s{]m^. tPmv ta\m-tcn Hcp Znhkw Xs {]kn--amb cN-\-bp-ambn sk v tXmakv Fssk-tm-]o-Un-bbp-ambn A`n-hy ]nXm-hns\ kin k`w Ahn-kva-c-Wo-b-am-Wv. kXy-Zo]w hmcn-I-bpsS apJy-]-{Xm-[n-]-cmbn tkh\w sNbvXo-p ]mtd-m-n ]nXm-hn\v B k`w Fp-am{Xw BmZ-hpw kwXr-]vXnbpw {]Zm\wsNbvXp-shp Cpw Rm kvacn-p-I-bm-Wv. s]mXpth Fgp-p-Im-tcmSpw {]kw-K-I-tcmSpw [ym\-Kp-cp--m-tcmSpw apw kvt\l-_-lp-am-\- ]pen-bn-cp A`n-hy ]nXmhv In-\m m\t-bvv Db-s--tm s{]m^. ta\m-tcn Hcp skp {K--fp-ambn ]nXm-hns\ kin-p kulrZw ]penb k`w Ahn-kva-c-Wo-b-am-Wv. A`n-hy ]nXm-hns\ kin-m\pw kulrZw ]pem\pw Ac-a\bn - hn-cp s{]m^. ta\m-t-cn-bp-am-bn, ]nXm-hns ZoL-Imesk{I--dn-sb \ne-bn tkh\wsNbvXn-cp F\npw kvt\l-_w ]pem Ah-kcw e`n-n-pv. F\np s{]m^. ta\m-t-cn-tbm-Spw, At-l-n\pv FtmSpw kvt\lhpw _lp-am-\hpw Dm-bn-cp-p. Xs hnin-jvS-amb k`m-tk-h-\-p AwKo-Im-c-ambn sjh-en-b F t] _lp-aXn e`n-n-cn-p s{]m^. ta\m-t-cn-bpsS k]vX-Xn-bmtLm-j- hnP-bn-p-am-dm-Is Fp Rm Biw-kn-p-p, AXn-\mbn {]mn-p-p.

136

s{]m^. tPmv ta\m-tcn Nne IpSpw_m\p-`-h-p-dn-p-I

hn. Pn. hokv

{io tPmv ta\m-tcnbpambn _-s-n-p Nne A\p-`-h- / kvac-W-I At-l-ns `mcym-k-tlm-Z-c F \nebvv At-lns k]vXXn BtLm-jn-p Cu thf-bn ]p-hbv-p-Xv DNnX-am-bn-cnpw Fp Icp-X-s. 1966 HIvtSm-_ 19-mw Xnb-Xn-bm-bn-cpp {io tPmv ta\m-t-cnbpw Fs s] taKn-t-nbpw Xn-ep hnhm-lw. Afn-b Av Xriq sk v tXmakv tImsf-Pn Cwojv eIvNd Bbn-cp-p. taKntn Acn-q sk v Pmkv tImsh v kvIqfn Aym-]n-I-bpw. hnhm-l-n\p app-Xs taKn-tn Aym-]nItPmen cmPn-sh-n-cpp. R-fpsS, AXm-bXv hmg-nn Xd-hm-p-Im-cpsS, kz-sav hntijn-n-m-hp-, Xriq-cn\npw GI-tZiw 50 In. ao. AIsebp Xosc Ahn-I-knX{Kma-amb ]pth-en--c-bn Dn-an-inlm ]n-bn-em-bncpp hnhmlS-p-I. Fs ]nXmhv hn. ]n. tPmv Av Xriq U]yqn If-IvS-dm-bn-cpp. Fs tPyjvT-k-tlm-Zc t]mfn sk v tXmakv tImsf-Pn {]oUn{Kn-pw, Rm sk v tXmakv sslkvIq-fn 8mw mkn-epw, Fs A\p-P tPmbn 3mw mknepw Bbn-cpp ]Tn-n-cp--Xv. RfpsS Ghpw aq ktlm-Zcn X--tn Atm-sgbvpw tlmfn ^manen k\ym- k n\okaq- l - n tNv kn tPm ^nj Bbngn-n-cp-p. Hcp tImsfPv Aym-]-I F \ne-bnepw thjhn-[m-\-n {]tXyIw {in-n-cp B F \ne-bnepw tImpw kqpw [cnv hnhm-l-n\v Afn-b Fp-sa-m-bn-cpp ]pthen-c \mp-Imcpw hop-Imcpw {]Xo-n-n-cp--Xv. Fm, R-fpsS {]Xo--I-sf-sbmw Am-\-mn, Afn-b sh appw sh jpw [cn-p-sIm-m-bn-cpp hnhm-l-n\v Fn-b-Xv. Fs ]nXrk-tlm-Z-c\pw Xriq cq]-X-bpsS As hnImcn P\-dm-fp-am-bn-cp
137

k-dn-bm-k-v hmg-n-nbs apJy-Imn-I-Xz-nepw Xd-hm-ns a-t\Iw sshZn-I-cpsS kl-Imn-I-Xz-nepw Bbn-cpp hnhm-l-ip{iq-j. hnhm-l--S-p-Ip-tijw D-Xn-cnv \S Imn-km-cth-f-bnepw Ap cm{Xn-bnepw s]bvX i-amb ag Fs a\-ns\ Gsd Atem-k-c-s-Sp-n-bn-cp-p. hnhm-ln-\p-tijw GXmv Hcm-gvNbvp-n R Ap Xmakn-n-cp A-tm knhn sse Izmtgvkv Im-kn D Hm^otkgv k v _n Afn- b \pw s]pw {]uV- K w- ` o- c - a mb Hcp hnhmlkzoI-cWw Hcp-n-bn-cp-p. Pnm `c-Wm-[n-Im-cn-Ifn an-hcpw ]s-Sp-n-cp B NS-n Afn-bs Cwo-jn-ep at\m-l-c-amb adp-]Sn{]kwKw A`n-am-\-]qw tIn-cp-Xv Rm Ctmgpw Hmpp. Afn-bs AhoSmb Imq ]me-n- Xd-hm-p-Ipf-n hncn Xma-c-q- Afn-b-t\m-sSmw R-sf-m-hcpw IqSn ]dnp sImp-hv nse kzoI-c-W-tbm-K-n tai-ta ^vfh thkn shn-cp-Xv IuXp-I-]qw Rm Hmp-I-bm-Wv. hnhm-l-n-\p-tijw hncp-nt\m atm s]fpw Afn-b\pw Rsf- m- h cpw IqSn Imdn Xriq- c n\npw ]pth- e n- scbv v t]mIp hgn-bn Bfq-cnshv Hcp ssknbm{X-m-c tdmUn hoWXpw (R-fpsS Im Xn-bn-) DSXs Afn-b Im \nnv Imdn\nn-dn B bm{X-m-cs\ Hbvv Xmn-sb-Spv ASp-p-Xs-bp ss{]adn slv sk-dn Fn-Xv Cpw Fs kPoh kvac-W-bn Dv. hnhmlw Ignv Htm ctm amk-p-n B-sWp tXmp-p, Hcn- Afn-b\pw taKn-t-nbpw R \mep ktlm-Z-cmcpw Hcp-an-n-cp thf-bn taKn-tn, R-tfmSv app kwkm-cn-ncp ]Xn-hp-ssi-en-bn, Ipkr-Xn-bn Afn-b-t\mSv kwkm-cn-m-\n-S-bmbXpw DSXs Afn-b taKn-t-n-bpsS ssI ]n-Snv apdn-bn sImpt]mbn, hmXneSv iIm-cn-Xpw Hm-bn Xn-\np-p. AJn-tey{]i-kvXamb Nmtmf ^pSvt_m t{Sm^n-bpsS kwLmS-Icn {]ap-J\pw Bbp-jvme AwK-hp-am-bn-cp Afn-b ^pSvt_m a-c--fpsS dnwKv Iadn AXn-a-t\m-l-c-ambn Ah-X-cn-n-n-cp-Xv R tdUn-tbm-bnqSn Dm-l-]qw tIn-p-v. Bbp-jvme AwK-sa \ne-bn Afn-b\p e`n-n-cp sNb kok Snv Fm hjhpw Rp Xn-cp-Xpw R AXp]-tbm-Knv amdn amdn Ifn In-cp-Xpw ktm-j-]qw Hmp-p. ^pSvt_m Ifn-bn Iw Dm-Ip--Xn\pw ^pSvt_m Ifn-p--Xn\pw R \mep ktlm-Z-cpw AXv Dt-P\w \In FXv hmkvX-h-am-Wv.

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hj-p- tijw 1976 Rm kuv Cy _mns CutdmUv imJ-bn s{Sbn\n Hm^n-k-dmbn tPmen t\mp thf-bn Afn-b\pw taKn-t-nbpw CutdmUn hXv Hmp-Ibm-Wv. sdbnth tj-\n\npw Hcp IpXn-c-h-n-bn-em-bn-cpp Ah _mn h-Xv. Av {_mn tPmen sNbvXn-cp-hcn `qcn-`m-Khpw s{Sbn-\okv Bbn- cpp. Ah- s c- m- h cpw Xriq sk v tXmakv tImsf- P nse ]qhnZymn-I- B-bn-cp-p-sh-Xpv Ahv Afn-b-\p-ambn ]cnNbw ]pXp-p-hm-\p Hcp Imc-W-am-bn-op. Cutdm-Unse kn. Fkv. sF ]n ImWp-hm CS-bmb Afn-b B ]nv apow ]n(tam-kvv) bp-am-bp kmZriyw \nan-w, DSXs Hcp t^mtm-{Km^sd hnfn-p-h-cpn, ]n-bpsS hnhn[ t^mtmI FSp-Xpw Fs Hm-bn Xn\np-p. B Nn{X- ]noSv {]kn-o-Ir-X-amb sk v tXmakv Fssk-tm-]o-Unbbn m\w ]nSn-n-p-v. 1993 Fs ]nXm-hv \ncym-X-\m-bn. DS-\-Sn- Hcp IpSpw-_---dbpsS Bh-iy-w R-sf t_m[y-s-Sp-m\pw Bb-Xn-tebvv Xs Hmlcn Xcp-hm\pw Afn-b ImWn Dmlw Cpw Fs a\-n-epv. R-fpsS ]nXr-ktlm-Zc\mb tam. k-dn-bmkv hmg-nn A- t\mSv Afn-b\v Hcp {]tXyI {]Xn-]n Dm-bn-cp-p. 1989 k-dnbm-k- ]c-tem-I-{]m-]vX-\m-bn. Atl-ns kvac-W-I hcpwXeap-dbvv shfn-ta-Im D]-Icn-p Hcp {Kw tamkn-tm hmgnn Afn-b FUnpsNbvXv MMB bpsS kl-IcWtm-sS, {]kn- - o-I-cn-p FXv {]kvXm-h-tbm-Ky-am-Wv. hnhm-l-n-\p- aps ]pkvX-I--fp-ambn Afn-b-\p-m-bn-cp At`Zy-_w hnhm-l-ti-jhpw A\p-kyqXw XpSn-cp-p. tImsf-Pnse a-ym-]-I-cpsS ]m-fn--tmsS \S-n-bn-cp Cu^ _pIvkv AXns `mK-am-bn-cp-p. ]pkvX-I-c-N-\bpw A-Snbpw {]Im-i-\hpw FIvkn-_n-j\pw ap-ambn Afn-b tIc-f-n am{X-a, Cy-bnse ap `mK--fnepw hntZ-ifnepw CS-hn-SmsX bm{X\S-n-bn-cp--tm a-sfbpw IpSpw-_Im-cy-fpw t\mn Afn-b\pv Fm-hn[ ]np-Wbpw t{]mml\hpw sImSp-n-cp-Xv taKn-t-n-bm-bn-cp-p. Gs-Spv \S-n-bn-cp {]m-\fpsS em`-\jvS t\mn-b Afn-b Ah- - bn hym]r-X-\m-bn-cp--Xv. Xqew ]e kwcw-`--fnepw km-nI \jvSwXs kw`-hn-n-p-v. IpSpw_ Imcy-fn {in-p-hmt]mepw kabw InmsX, ss{IkvXk`bpsS s]mXp Bh-iy-p-th-n Xs - - ka-bhpw Azm-\hpw kpw sNe-h-gn Afn-b\v ssZhw sImSp k]vXXnkm-\-amWv sjh-en-b ]Z-hn. hmkvX-h-n Cu ]Zhn hj-p- ap-p-Xs Afn-b\p Inp-sav R-sf-m-hcpw {]Xo139

n-n-cpp. Al-X-bvp AwKo-Imcw, Ipd-p-ssh-In-bm-sW-nepw e`n--Xn ktmjw! tIcf / `mcX ss{IkvXhk`-Iv \Inb tkh-\n\pw, Ncn{X ]pcm-hkvXpKth-jWhnj-b--fn {]I-Sn-n sshZ-Kv[y-n\pw ss{IkvX-k-`-bpsS B[n-Im-cn-I-sav hnti-jn-n-m-hp CuSp {K-fpsS cN-bn-Xmhpw {]km-[-I\pw F \ne-bnepw, tZhm-ebinev] imkv{X-- F \ne-bnepw, {io tPmv ta\m-t-cnv R-fpsS Hmtcm IpSpw-_mw-K--fp-sSbpw t]cn lrZbw \nd Biw-k-I An-p--tXm-sSmw ZoL-Imew Cu cwK--fn-semw IqSp-X amv sXfn-bnv apt-ds Fv ssZh-tmSv {]mn-p-Ibpw sNp-p.

Basil Davis, New Orleans, USA

Congratulations on your elevation to the order of Gregory the Great! This is indeed a well deserved and signal honor for one who had tirelessly and humbly worked for the propagation of the truth about South Indian Christianity. I wish you the very best on your anniversary celebrations. Unfortunately, I will not be able to come in April. I am coming in May, since that is the only time I am free from my work here in New Orleans.

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s{]m^. tPmv ta\m-t-cntPm Indaw eLpPohNcn{Xw Z sk v tXmakv {InkvXy Fssk-tm-]o-Unb Hm^v Cy, Cy Nv lndn mknIvkv Fo _rlXv{K--fn-eqsS `mcX-ss{I-kvXh Ncn-{Xhpw kmwkvmcnI ss]Xr-Ihpw temI-s-p-san {]ikvX kmwkvm-cnI Ncn-{X-K-th-j-I-\mb s{]m^. tPmv ta\m-tcn 1938 G{]n cn\v Hq Fcn-tcn (ta-\m-t-cn) sImutk^v Iptn Z-Xn-IfpsS Bdm-as km-\ambn P\n-p. Hq km sslkvIq, Imq t]mws] sk v tacokv kvIq Fn-hn-S-fn ]Tnv sslkvIq hnZym-`ymkw ]qn-bm-n. Xrn-\m-nn sk v tPmk^vk,v tImsf-Pv, Xriq sk v tXmakv tImsfPv, Xncp-h-\-]pcw bqWn-th-gvknn tImsfPv Fn-hn-S--fn ]Tnv _n. G., Fw. G. Un{Kn-I Ic--am-n. XpSv Xriq sk v tXmakv tImsfPn Cwojv eIvN-d-dmbn tPmen-bn {]th-in-p. tIc-f-k-I-em-im-e-bn ]n. FNv. Unbvv Ncn{Xn cPn- sNbvsX-nepw ssKUv tUm. amm--h-bpsS \ncym-W-s-p-Sv Xoknv ]qn-bm-nbn-. Ctm _mwq [mcmw hnZym-t-{X-n Hcp tUmIvS-d kvtImf-dm-Wv. ]q\m Cn-yqv Hm^v tkmjy kbkn\npw 1957 Untm-abpw e`n-p. thUv Akwn Hm^v bqns ]cn-io-e\w (A-tem-I, ssakq 1963). hnZym-`ym-kw, Ncn-{Xw, kwkvm-cw, ssZh-imkv{Xw, kmaq-ly-im-kv{Xw, -I-yq-, Cs\-v, sF.-Sn., Bv, BnsS-IvN Fn--s\-bp hnhn[ hnj-b--fn Hu]-Nm-cn-Ihpw A\u]-Nm-cn-I-hp-amb hnZym-`ymkw t\Sn. AXp-t]m-se-s a-\-h[n ]T-\]--Xn-I Bcw-`n-p-Ibpw NneXv ]qn-bm-p-Ibpw sNbvXp. Fmhn-j-b--fnepw Adnhv km-Zn--W-sa Xo{hamb A`n-em-jhpw Adnhp-I ap-hv ]Ip \Im-\p A`n-hm-bpw ta\m-t-cn-bpsS {]tXy-I-X-I-fm-bn-cp-p. Xriq sk v tXmakv tImsfPn eIvN-d-dmbpw s{]m^--dmbpw
141

aqp-Z-im-_vZ-mew tkh\w A\p-jvTn-p. cp-]-Xn-m-p-Imew _ncpZm-\--c-hn-Zymn-Isf ]Tn-n-p-Ibpw sNbvXp. 1992 Kth-j-Wn\pw {]kn-o-I-c-W-n-\p-ambn kzbw hnc-an-p--Xp-hsc ]n. Pn. s{]m^-kdpw hIpv Xe-h-\p-am-bn-cp-p. imkv{Xo-b-ambn ]Tn-n-m {]nUn-{Knpw Fw. G. bvpw Fm hnZymn-I-sfbpw Pbn-n-m\pw Db mkp-I t\Sn-sm-Sp-m\pw Ign-bp-sa-- Xs s]v Xnbdn ]co-nv t\mp-Xn\pw AXn hnP-bn-p-hm\pw At-ln\v km[np. 1984 apX awK-e-pg s]mn-^n- skan-\m-cn-bnepw ap-Nne Xntbm-fPn skan-\m-cn-I-fnepw hnkn-nwKv s{]m^-k-dm-Wv. Cy-bn CZw-{]-Y-a-ambn Xriq-cmWv Hcp Aamb t\XrXz ]cnio-e\tI{w Bcw-`n--Xv. XpSw apX Ctmfw AXns Ub-d-IvSdmWv ta\m-t-cn. ]e \qX\ ]cn-io-\-]-T-\-]--Xn-Ifpw Bkq-{XWw sNbvXv \S-m-n-sIm-n-cn-p-p. 1965-67 Cy-bnse apgp-h ss{Ikv X h tImsf- P p- I - s fbpw Ata- c n- - b n\n- p tUm. Unnks t\Xr-Xz-n ]T-\-hn-t[-b-am-n-b-tm dnkv Hm^ok-dmbn kl-Icn-p-hm\pw hnhn[ kwm-\fnse hnZym-`ymk m]- \-sf ASp-dn-bphm\pw \nco-n-p-hm\pw Ah-kcw e`n-p. \yqam Atkm-kn-tb-j Hm^v Cy-bpsS tZiob sshkv {]kn-Umbpw ta\mtcn ZoL-Imew {]hn-p. Atkm-kn-tb-js Nmn P\-d-embn-cp ^m. _te-Kdp-ambn CS-]gIm\pw `mc-Xn-etm-fan-tm-fap - \nc-h[n tImsf-Pp-I kin-p-hm\pw CXp-aqew km[n-p. Cybnse hnhn[ kwkv m- c - fpw k`- I - f p- a m- b p Cu _- {InkvXy Fssk-tm-]o-UnbbpsS \nn-Xnbvv ta\m-t-cnv klmb-I-am-bn. 1965 kl Ay-]-I-cp-ambn tNv sF^ _pIvkv F {]kn-o-IcWhn-ev]\ime Bcw`nXv HSp-hn kz-ambn Gs- - - - Spv \S-t-n-h-p. 1967 `mc-Xob kmln-Xy-k-anXn Bcw-`n-p. 1968 tIc-f-nse {]K--cmb Fgp-p-Im-cpsS 35 IrXn-I Hnv {]kn-o-I-cnv XpO-amb hnebvv km[m-c-W-m-cn-se-n-m `mcXo-b-km-ln-Xy-k-anXn {iaw \S-n. AXv km-n-I-ambn ]cm-P-b-sSp-I-bmWv sNbvX-Xv. ta\m-tcn sNdp-w-ap-Xte hmb-\-bn Xev]-c-\m-bn-cp-p. A hon Xma-kn-mWv _mey-Im-e-hn-Zym-`ymkw \n-ln--Xv. ap-Ip-n-Ifp-ambn Ifn-p--Xns\m Iqp-Iq-Sp--Xnt\m Av A\p-h-Z-n-cp-n-. hon Dm-bn-cp Bbn-c-tmfw ]pkvX-I--f-S-nb sse{_-dnbpw amkn-I-I-fp-samw hmb-\bvv {]tNm-Z\w \In. ]pXr-Kr-l-nepw [mcmfw ]pkvX-I-fpw lnp XpS-nb ]{X-fpw Dm-bn-cp-p. {]tXyInv [mcmfw Cwojv ]pkvX-I-fpw. CsXmw hmbnp hfcm km[n-Xv alm-`m-Ky-am-bmWv ta\m-tcn Cp ImWp--Xv. Xrn142

\m-nn tImsf-Pn ]Tn-n-cp \mep-hjhpw d^-dkv sse{_dn icnpw {]tbm-P\s-Sp-p-Ibp-m-bn. {^pw lnn-bp-sams cmw- `m- j - b mbn FSp- m Db amp e`n- p- a m- b n- c p- p. AXp t\mmsX ae-bm-f-`mj Fpw cmw-`m-j-bmbn FSpv ]Tn-p-I-bmWp-m-b-Xv. Amw-m-kp-ap-X _ncpZw t\Sp--Xp-hsc Fm mkpI-fnepw Hcp ssIsb-gp-p-am-kn-I-sbm, dn BgvN--Xn-sm, A-Sn amkn-Isbm kzw ]{Xm-[n-]Xy-n {]kn-o-Icn-n-cp-p. hnZymnbm-bn-cp--tmXs B\p-Im-en-I--fnepw Zn\-]-{X--fnepw Cwojnepw ae-bm-fnepw [mcmfw teJ-\ Fgp-Xn-bn-cp-p. _n. G.bvp ]Tn-p-tm A-Snv {]kn-o-I-cn-n-cp Ham Sick amkn-I-bn tIcf-nse {]ap-J-cmb Fgp-p-Im Fgp-Xn-bn-cp-p. tIcf t{ImWn-n F Cwojv ]{X-n tImf-an-mbn. 1978 apX ae-bmfw FIvk-{]n XpS-bmbn teJ-\- Fgp-Xn. Fw. Sn. bpsS Imev amXr`qan BgvN--Xn-n {]kn-o-I-cn ]n-I-fnse Ie F kpZoL-teJ\ ]c-c tIc-f-n-e-tm-f-an-tmfw Fm-h-cp-sSbpw {]iw-kv Al-am-bn. 1975 apX B Cym tdUn-tbm, hn-m tdUn-tbm, ap ]mmXy tdUntbm \ne-b- Ch-bn-eqsS \nc-h[n {]`m-j-W \S-p-I-bp-m-bn. {_no-jv, Ata-cn-, P, Cy, Sn. hn. Nm\-ep-I-fn \nc-h[n ]cn]mSnI Ah-X-cn-n-n-p-v. \thm-Zbm As Uln ZqZi-\n\n-p ss__n Io Ilm-\nbmw F tZiob ]c--c-bn Kth-j-Ww, t{]mn Chbvv Npm ]nSn-p. Bv & Bn-sS-IvN (Cw-o-jnepw ae-bm-f-n-epw), Gg-c--n-I, At^mkm XpSn \nc-h[n tUmp-sa-dn-Iv kv{In]vpw t\Xr-Xzhpw \In. am]mm sXc-s-Sp-p-I, tPm t]m cmas ac-Ww, aZ sXtc-km-bpsS _nbm-n-^n-t-j Fn--s\-bp \nc-h[n ImenI {]m[m-\y-ap hnj-b-sf kw_-nv Sn.-hn. ]cn-]mSn-I-fn ]s-Sp-n-p-v. ZpIvdm-\, {InkvXy Hmdn-b v Fo {]kn-o-Icn-WfpsS m]I - ]{Xm-[n-]-k-an-Xn-bn ta\m-tcn AwK-am-bn-cp-p. tPW Hm^v sktm- a kv {Inkv X ykv ]{Xm- [ n- ] - k - a n- X n- b w- K - a m- b ta\m- t cn hnZymn-bm-bn-cns sk v tXmakv tImsfPv amK-kn ]{Xm-[n-]-kan-Xn-bw-Kambpw tIcf kmlnXy Am-Zan-bpsS ae-bmfw en-ddn ktbpsS Nn^v FUn--dmbpw {]hn-p. am]mm ki-\-kva-c-Wn-I-bpsS Hcp Uk-t\mfw kvac-Wn-IIfpsS No^v FUn-tdm, kl-]-{Xm-[n-]tcm Bbn {]hn ta\m-tcn, 1978 se am]mm Xnc-s-Sp-n\v hn-m A{I-Un-t-j e`n GI Cy ]{X-{]-h-I-\m-bn-cp-p. temI-sa-m-Sp-ap Bbn-cn Aqdv ]{X-{]-h-I-cn Adp-]-Xp-t]p am{Xsa tImthv
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Gcnbm kin-m A\p-hmZw sImSp-p-p. AXn Hcm-fm-bncpp ta\m-t-cn. tImt-hn-tev In-\m-f-m {]th-in-p--Xn\p {]mcw-`-am-bp amkv t^m Z Ce- Hm^v Zn t]mv Ih sNm A\p-h-Zn--s ]Xn-\mev {]v t^mtm-{Km-^am-cnepw s{]m^. ta\mtcn Ds-n-cp-p. am]m--bmbn Xnc-s-Sp--s-Sp--Xn\p sXmpapv tPmt]m cm-as t^mtm FSp-m Ign-Xpw s{]m^kp am{X-am-bn-cp-p. Xnc-s-Spv Ign DSs\ amm--tbmSv kwkm-cn-m e`n A]q Ah-kcw s{]m^-k Cpw a\-n Xmev]-cy-]qw kqn-p-p. sIms tIcf {]v ko-kns tdmhnwKv FUn- F \nebn cmP-tKm-]m-em-Nmcn XpS-n-b-hsc Chyq sNm\pw ta\m-tcnv Ah-kcw e`n-n-p-v. tImsfPv bqWn-b P\-d sk{I--dn-bmbn-cp Imev tI{-a-{n-am-scbpw tZiob t\Xm-sfbpw (DZm: kptNXm Ir]em\n, BNmcy Ir]em\n, AtimI ta, Sn. Sn. IrjvW) tImsf-Pn Wnv ]cn-]m-Sn-I \S-m\pw km[n-n-pv. 1969 XpSw Ipdn k`m-N-cn-{X--kmw-kvm-cnI cwKs Kthj-W-fpw ]T-\-fpw sk v tXmakv {InkvXy Fssk-tm-]o-Unbm-bpsS hmey-fmbn ]pd-p-h-p. Cy-bv-Ipw ]pd-p-ap Adp-\q-tdmfw ]n-X-m-cpsS klm-b-tmsS Fssk-tm-]o-Un-bmbpsS Hpw cpw hmey- shfnw Ip. AXnse Fgp-p-Imcn ap-Xn-tesd t] ]noSv sshZnI tae-y--m-cmbn Xop-shXv Hcp ktmj{]Zam-Wv. k`m-N-cn-{Xhpw kwkvm-chpw AtXmsSmw tIcf `mcX kwkvm-c-fpw IqSp-X {i-tbmsS ]Tn-m ]e ]n-X-mpw Kth-jW hnZymn-Ipw kwL-S-\-Ipw {]tNm-Z-\-am-bn. Cy Nv lndn mkn-vkns {]Ya hmeyamb \{km-Wokpw Fssk-tm-]o-Un-bm-bpsS tIc-fhm-ey-ns hn]pen-Icn ]Xn-mb tXmam-]o-Un-bbpw temI-sa-m-Sp-ap ]n-XtemIw Xmev]-cy-]qw hc-th-p. 1990 {]h\w XpS-nb Ggp hmey-fp BbptZ Fssk-tm-]o-Un-b Hm^v Cy-bpsS {]ko-o-IcWw \S-m km[n-n-n-. Zo]nI {InkvXy Ub-d-IvS-dn-bpsS {]kno-I-c-W-nepw ta\m-tcn \ ]p hln-n-p-v. ]n--e-Ifpw apw (1984) sImSp--q knn Hm^v sk v tXmakv (1987) ssUhp_msd sPIkvsX sU \{km-Wokv HU ae_m {InkvXy thm slbven-K tSmakv (1994 P `mj-bn) sImSp-p {ImUn Hm^v {InkvXym-\nn C Cy (2000) ow]vkkv Hm^v \{kmWn sldn-tPv (2005) ]mXn-cmbvv Hcp Cd-n-tmv (2005) XpS-nbh ta\m-t-cn-bpsS ap IrXn-I-fm-Wv. tIcfmKhsa v Bn-tbm-fPn- AssUz-kdn t_mUv (1975 144

 1982) tIcf lndn Atkm-kn-tb-j FIvkn-Iyq-nhv In-n-bwKw (1974 1984) tIcf kmlnXy Am-Zan FIvkn-Iyq-nhv AwKw (19821984) \mj-W sshkv {]kn-U v \yqa Atkm-kn-tb-j Hm^v Cy (19641972) Imen-v bqWn-th-gvknn sk\v AwKw (19801984) Imenv bqWn-th-gvknn myq-dn ^n\mkv Inn AwKw (19811985) Xriq AXn-cq-]X ]m-d Iukn AwKw (19782008) Xriq Iem-k-Z {]kn-U v (19851993) Xriq klr-Z-b- thZn m]-I- sa-, Xriq {InkvXy I-d ayqknbw Iyqtd- Ub-d-IvS (1980 apX) \yqankvam-nIv skmsskn Hm^v kuv Cy sse^v sa, \yqan-kvamnIv skmsskn Hm^v Xan-gv\mSv sa, Nv lndn Atkm-kn-tbj Hm^v Cy sshkv {]kn-U v, sse^v sa F. Fkv. ]n.- Fv. Fv. BbptZ tImb--q, Hq sF. sF. n. ^unwMv kanXnbwKw, Utbm-kn-jy aoVnbm Io-j sNbam, Bv Utbm-kn-jy Bsshvkv Io-j sa, ]me-bq Uh-e-vsa v Io-j sa, ]me-bq ayqknbw Xom-\S tI{w Inn sa, Imen-v bqWn-th-gvknn {InkvXy sNb Kth-WnwKv t_mUn AwKw, tIcf lntm- d n- dnkv skmsskn ^u {]kn- U v , skkkv t_mUv {]ko-o-I-cW hn`mKw FIvkn-Iyq-ohv Inn AwKw Fn-s\ hnhn[ \ne-I-fn ta\m-tcn {]hn-p-sIm-n-cnp-p. tIc-f-nepw tIc-f-n\p shfn-bnepw Cybvp shfn-bnepwshv \S--s \nc-h[n skan-\m-dp-I-fn ta\m-tcn ]s-Sp-n-p-v. Cs Cy-bnse k`m doPn-bW skan-\m (1968) Nv C Cy \mj-W skan-\m _mq (1969) ]mIvkvsdm-am-\, Ata-cn- \mjW Ub-dIvtSgvkv \yqtbmv (1972) bp. Fkv. Im-enIv Iukn, Fkv. s]o-j-W H_vkh Avemm, bp. Fkv. F. (1972) \yqtbmv skan-\m Hm Gfn {InkvXym-\nn (2005) thUv tIm{^kv Hm ss^hv Ub-aj-\ s]bnnwKv tdmw (1978) XpSn \nc-h[n kt-f\fn Atlw {]_w Ah-Xcn-n-p-Itbm - - Ay-X hln-p-Itbm sNbvXn-p-v. Ncn-{Xw, kwkvm-cw, Ie-I, Iem-hkvXp-, hmkvXp-in-ev]w Chbp-ambn _-s Ccp-]Xn-\m-bn-cn-tesd t^mtm-I FSp-p-Itbm, FSp-n-p-Itbm sNbvXn-p-v. Ah-bn 1300 Gsd t^mtm-I {]kno-I-cn-n-p-v. Cy-bpsS Hcp Ncn{X `mjm kwkvm-cnI Avekv DsS \nc-h[n amp-Ifpw {Km^p-Ifpw ksI-p-Ifpw \nn-n-p-v. sNdpXpw hep-Xp-amb \qdn-tesd _n_vfn-tbm-{Km-^n-Ifpw ssSwe\pIfpw t{ImtWm-fPn-Ifpw \qX-\hpw hyXy-kvX-hp-amb tXmam-]o-Vnb CUIvkp-I DsS \nc-h[n CU-Ivkp-Ifpw cq]-I-ev]\ sNbvXv
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\nnv {]kn-o-I-cn-p. 1992 apX Iyq--dp-I D]-tbm-Kn-m XpSn. 1998 apX \nc-h[n sh_vssk-p-I Unssk sNbvXv tlmv sNbvXn-p-v. {]n v Ce-Ivt{Sm-WnIv aoUn-b-Ip-]p-dsa Xs Bi-b-fpw BZi-fpw {]N-cn-n-p-hm 1966 apX Acmjv{S `mK-`m-Kn-ap ]pkvX {]Zi\fpw 1971 apX t^mtm-{Km-^p-I-fpsS {]Zi-\fpw 1977 apX Ncn{X kmw-kvmcnI Iem {]Zi-\-fpw \S-ntm-cp-p. thUv Hm^v _pIvkv FIvkn-_n-j-\p-I, ]t\m-ca Hm^v Cy {InkvXym-\nn FIvkn-_n-j-\p-I XpS-nbh AXn {][m-\-fm-Wv. \nc-h[n ayqkn-bfpsS Ik v IqSn-bmWv s{]m^. ta\m- t-cn. tPmv ta\m-tcn ssIh-bvm--Xmb imkv{X kmt-XnI kmwkvm-cnI kmlnXy cwK- Gsd-bn-sp ]d-bmw. ssIh-nS-smw Xs ]mn-Xyw-sImpw efn-Xhpw hn\o-X-hp-amb s]cp-am-co-Xn-sImpw ta[m-i-n-sImpw hyn-ap{Z ]Xn-n-n-p-v. Atl-ns _rlvmb tkh-\ IW-n-se-Spv \nc-h[n AhmUpI \In BZ-cn-snpv. ta\m-t-cn-bpsS {]h-\-sf BZ-cn-p-sImv \nc-h[n kwL-S\-Ifpw {]m-\-fpw hnhn[ e--fnepw cmPy--fn-epw -shv D]lm-c- \In-bn-p-v. hnemkw s{]m^. tPmv ta\m-t-cn, Hq 680 306

146

\n-bpsS

hk--Ip-kp-a-
]pkvXI-mdv Gsd tamn hfv Adn-hns Bg--S-en ]hn-g-p-p-Ifpw app-n-n-Ifpw hmcn-q-n-b s{]m^. tPmv ta\m-t-cn-bpsS k]vXXn Ncn-{X-t{]-an-Ipw Iem-Ip-Xp-In-Ipw hktm-hw! tIcf k`m-N-cn-{X-nepw Iem-kmw-kvm-cnI ss]Xr-I-fnepw hmkvXp-in-ev]-nepw ]pcm-hkvXpkvamc-I--fnepw hnkva-bw-sImv hfv, Ahsb D]cn k--am-nb A]q{]Xn-`m-[\\mb s{]m^. ta\m-t-cn-bpsS k]vXXn kmaq-ly--kmw-kvm-cnI{]h-Iv hktm-hw! GI-\mbpw GIm-{K-Nn-\m-bpw, \nc--c-X-]-ky-bn-eq-sS, Atlw kamn Adn-hns ]m-b-p-c-bpsS aqeyw \n-bn-p-hm Ign-hp--h Bcpv? `n-im-J-I-fnse Xs AXn-hn-]p-e-m-\-ti-Jcw ka-Im-en-Ipw hcpw-X-e-ap-d-Ipw tNmn-sm-Sp-phm Atlw \S-nb alm-kw-cw-`-p kmn-I-fmb \msam-hcpw F{X `mKy-hm-m! ]me-bq-cn 2008-se alm-Xom-\Skam-]-\-th-Zn-bn ]Xn-\mdmw _\-UnIvSv am]m--bpsS D-Xmw-Ko-Im-c-amb sjh-en-b ]Zhn Bp-_n-jv am B{Uqkv Xmgv s{]m^. ta\m-t-cnv kan-pXn\p kmn-I-fmb \msam-hcpw F{X `mKy-hm-m!

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s{]m^. ta\m-t-cn-bpsS k]vXXn kam-tLm-jn-p-hm kplr-Zvk-anXn k-am-nb _lp-hn[]cn-]m-Sn-I-fn Hp-am-{X-amWv Cu Fgp-]Xp hk--. sjh-en-b m\e_vZn-tbmsS hnX{]i-kvX\m-bn-cn-p At-l-ns k]vXXnkvac-WnI C{X sImm-bn-tm-b-Xn A\-ev]-amb Zp:Japv kwLm-S-Iv. s{]m^. ta\m-t-cn-bp-ambn hnhn[ Xe-fn _-s-n-p GXm\pw k-\- kljw \Inb eLp-te-J-\-fpw At-l-ns eLp-PohNcn-{Xhpw GXm\pw Nn{X-fpw am{Xta CXn Ds-Sp-p-hm R {ian-n-p-q. Pohn-X-nIhns BtLm-j-amb Cu k]vXXnkvac-Wn-I-bpsS \nn-Xn-bn ]e hn[-n kl-I-cn-n-p--h At\-I-cm-Wpv. Ah-tcm-tcm-cp--tcmSpw Ht Rp ]d-bm-\p-q: \n! \n!! Fgp-]Xp Zn\--fpsS ]cn-an-Xn-bn Db Cu hk-tm-h]-en, Fm sshIn-b-Xn-\m, CSw Inm--h-tcmSv Ht ]d-bm-\pq: kZbw an-tW! kl-I-cn--hsmw Ht Rp \Im-\pq: kvt\l-ns X-\q-en sImcp \n-bpsS hk--Ip-kp-a-!

{_Z fqbnkv afn MMB

Atkm-kn-tbv FUn-

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