Aavq-1

gvB vKUvjvi
gvB vKUvjvi GK aibi cMvgej BwUMUW mvwKU (IC). 8-wcb _K i Ki mvavibZ 128-wcb ch nq _vK| gvB vKUvjviK wmj wPc KwDUvi ejv hZ cvi| KwDUvii mv_ Zzjbv Kij `Lv hvq GKUv KwDUvi hv hv AvQ Zvi cvq meB gvB vKUvjvi AvQ|

KwDUvi Ges gvB vKUvjvi Gi Zzjbv:

KwDUvi KwDUvi cmmi AvQ| KwDUvi RAM AvQ| KwDUvi BbcyU-AvDUcyU cvU hgb wmwiqvj cvU, cvivjvj cvU AvQ| KwDUvi ROM AvQ| KwDUvi cMvg wjL wewfb wWfvBm KUvj Kiv hvq| KwDUvii cvIqvi LiP AbK ewk| KwDUvi w`q Kvb KUvj wmg wWRvBb KiZ AbK ewk LiP nq| gvB vKUvjvi gvB vKUvjviI cmmi AvQ| gvB vKUvjviI RAM (SRAM) AvQ| gvB vKUvjviI BbcyU-AvDUcyU cvU AvQ| gvB vKUvjviI ROM (EEPROM) AvQ| gvB vKUvjviI cMvg wjL wewfb wWfvBm KUvj Kiv hvq| gvB vKUvjvi cvIqvi LiP AbK Kg| gvB vKUvjvi w`q Kvb KUvj wmg wWRvBb KiZ ZyjbvgyjK Kg LiP nq|

ck AvmZ cvi Kb Ges Kv_vq gvB vKUvjvi eenvi Kie? GKUv QvU D`vnib `qv hvK| Avgiv PvwQ Avgv`i kvevi Nii jvBUjv mvi mgq GKvB Ab ne Avevi ivZ 11.00 NwUKvq GKvB Ad ne| GB KvRwU Kivi Rb hw` Avgiv GKUv KwDUvi mvivw`b Pvjy Ki ivwL Zvnj h cwigvb we`yr LiP ne Zv AbK ewk| GB QvU KvRUv Avgiv Lye mnR GKUv gvB vKUvjvi eenvi Ki KiZ cvwi| Avgv`i nvZi KvQ AbK wWfvBm AvQ hv Avgiv mPivPi eenvi Kwi hgb KvjKzjUi, wfwWI Mgm, wWwRUvj Nwo, wigvU KUvjvi BZvw`i wfZi gvB vKUvjvi AvQ| gvB vKUvjvi cZKviK`i ga BbUj, gvB vwPc, gUvivjv, GUgj, wdwj DjLhvM| Ze Avgiv memgq GUgj Gi gvB vKUvjvi wbq AvjvPbv Kie| GUgj Gi KUvjvii bvgi iZ AT _vK| GUgj wZb aibi gvB vKUvjvi cZ Ki-gMv, wUwb I KvwmK| Avgv`i D`vnibjv ATMega8, ATmega16, ATMega32, ATtiny2313, ATtiny15, ATtiny26 BZvw` w`q `qv ne| bvgi kl h MvwbwZK msLv AvQ Zv mvavibZ H

KwcivBU@cKkjx gvt RyjwdKvi Avjx Ryqj

cv bs- 1

gvB vKUvjvii FLASH ggvwi wb`k Ki| G mKj welq wbq cieZxZ wek` AvjvPbv ne| Afixb eK WvqvMvg: wP ATMega8 Gi eK WvqvMvg `Lbv nqQ| `Lv hvQ h ATMega8 Z wZbwU BbcyU AvDUcyU cvU AvQ| G`i ga Port A, Port D Z 8wU Ki wcb AvQ Ges Port C Z 7wU wcb AvQ| Port C ADC Gi BbcyU Uviwgbvj wnme eeZ nq| mUvj cmwms BDwbU RAM ADC I/O wnme h cmmi _vK Zvi MwZ mvavibZ gMvnvUR Port C Timer i nq _vK| Avgiv hviv KwDUvi eenvi Kwi CPU Zviv Rvwb KwDUvii cmmii MwZ Kgb nq| Serial Avgiv cmmi Kbvi mgq Pv Kwi Ggb GKUv ROM Port cmmi wKbZ hvi MwZ ewk| KwDUvii cmmii I/O Port A I/O Port D MwZ mvavibZ wMMvnvUR ii nq _vK hgb 2.39 wMMvnvUR, 3.00 wMMvnvUR BZvw`| G MwZ Avmj wP 1.1: Afixb eK WvqvMvg cmmi h KK cvj&mi mv_ mv_ KvR Ki mB KK Gi wdKzqw| KK nj Iqvb Ges wRivi wmKyq (Series of Pulse of one and zero)| gvB vKUvjvi KK `qvi Rb `yUv wcb (XTAL1 and XTAL2) _vK| evRvi wefb wdKzqwi w vj (Clock generating device with 2 pins) cvIqv hvq hv GB `yB wcbi mv_ jvwMq w`jB nq| Avevi GUgj Gi KUvjvijvZ Afixbfve KK Zwi Kivi (Internal Cristal) eev AvQ|

ggvwi: Avgiv wewfb aibi ggvwii mv_ cwiwPZ| gvB vKUvjvi Pvi aibi ggvwi
_vK-FLASH Memory, SRAM (Static Random Access Memory), EEPROM (Electrically Erasable Programable Read Only Memory), Resister Memory| gvB vKUvjvi G h cMvg jLv ne Zv FLASH Memory Z mBf ne| FLASH Memory Kej KUvjviK KwUvii mv_ jvwMq BUvidm (Read or Write) Kiv hve| Avgiv KwUvi h cMvg wjLe Zv KUvjvi cvVvbvi Rb gvB vKUvjviK KwDUvii mv_ GKUv wekl nvWIqvii gvag jvMvZ ne| GB nvWIqviK ej evbvi (Burner Circuit)| G welq cieZxZ wek` AvjvPbv Kiv ne| cMvg jLvi mgq cMvg h PjK (Variables) eenvi Kiv ne Zv SRAM G mBf (Save) ne| hmKj gvB vKUvjvi SRAM bB (hgb ATtiny15) mmKj KUvjvii cMvg PjK (Variables) eenvi Kiv hve bv| cvIqvi mvcvB e Ki w`j SRAM G Kvb ggwi mBf _vKbv| GBLvb GKUv mgmv nj aiv hvK gvB vKUvjvi w`q GKUv wmg wWRvBb Kiv nj hvi KvR nj GKUv cWv jvBbi Dci w`q KZjv cWv hvQ Zv Mbbv Kiv| wKQy`yi Mbbv Kivi ci cvIqvi mvcvB e nq Mj| cWv Mbbv Ki Kvb bv Kvb PjKB Zv ivLZ ne| G bZzb Ki cvIqvi mvcvB w`j Avevi GK _K Mbbv i ne Kbbv D PjKi gvb SRAM G mBf wQj Avi cvIqvi mvcvB e nq Mj SRAM Gi ggvwi gyQ hvq| GmKj EEPROM eenvi Kiv nq| Kvib cvIqvi mvcvB e njI EEPROM Gi Kvb cwieZb nq bv| Resister mvavibZ 8-weU KwcivBU@cKkjx gvt RyjwdKvi Avjx Ryqj cv bs- 2

(8-Bit / 1 Byte) Gi nq _vK Ze wKQz wKQz Resister AvQ 16-weU (16-bit / 2 Byte)|

gvB vKUvjvi ADC, Timer, Interrupts, I/O Ports BZvw`i Rb Avjv`v Avjv`v Resister AvQ| gvB vKUvjvii WvUvmxU G wewfb iwRvi mK wek` Z_ `qv _vK| ZeyI wKQz iZc~Y Resister mK GLvb AvjvPbv Kiv ne| cZKUv I/O Port G wZbwU Ki Resister AvQ| BbcyU WvUv iwRvi (Input Data Resister-PINA), AvDUcyU WvUv iwRvi (Output Data Resister-PORTA), WvUv wWiK&kb iwRvi (Data Direction Resister-DDRA) [Examples are give for Port A only]|

wP 1.2: BbcyU-AvDUcyU cvU Gi iwRvi IfviwfD

DDRA Gi KvR nj Input Output Pin Gi mv_ BbcyU A_ev AvDUcyU WvUv iwRvii mK Zwi

Kiv| WvUvi cevni w`K (Direction of data flow) wb`k Kiv| D`vnibmic DDRA Gi Kvb weU Iqvb (Digital one) nj Zvi Awab wcb AvDUcyU wnme KvR Kie A_vr DDRA Gi H weUi Awab PORTA Resister _K WvUv D wcbi gvag evBi Avme| Avevi DDRA Gi Kvb weU KwcivBU@cKkjx gvt RyjwdKvi Avjx Ryqj cv bs- 3

wRiv (Digital zero) nj H weUi Awab wcb BbcyU wnme KvR Kie A_vr wcb BbcyU w`j Zv DDRA H weUi Awab PINA Resister G mBf ne| ATmega32: ATmega32 GUgj Kvvbxi Zwi Pwjk wcbi gvB vKUvjvi| Gi PviwU BbcyU AvDUcyU cvU, 10-weU (0-1023 jfjm&) Gi 8wU ADC (Analog to Digital Converter), 16-weU Gi 1 wU Ges 8-weUi 2 wU UvBgvi BZvw` AvQ| Gjv mK avc avc AvjvPbv Kiv ne|

wP 1.3: ATmega32 Gi wcb WvqvMvg Vcc: cvIqvi mvcvB cwRwUf| GB wcb wWwm 5 fv (5V-DC) Gi cwRwUf cv jvMvZ ne| Gnd: cvIqvi mvcvB bMwUf| GB wcb wWwm 5 fv (5V-DC) Gi bMwUf cv jvMvZ ne| Reset: GUvK ej wimU evi wcb| Dcii wP 9 b^i wcb Reset jLvi Dci GKUv evi wP AvQ GUv cKvk Ki wcbwU GKwUf jv (Active low) A_vr GB wcb wWwRUvj Iqvb w`j Zv AKRv (Inactive) _vKe Ges hLbB GLvb wWwRUvj wRiv `Iqv ne ZLbB Zv mPj (Inactive) ne| Avi G wcb mPj (Active) nj cMvg bZzb Ki jvW ne A_vZ c_g _K KvR i Kie dj cMvg eeZ mKj PjKi (Variable) gvb k~b nq hve| GRb Avgiv GB wcbK mvavibZ wcbi mv_ mshvM w`q ivLev| Ze mshvM `qvi GKUv eo gvbi iva (Resistance such as 1 Kilo ohms or 10 Kilo ohms) eenvi Kiv hZ cvi Kvib hnZz GwU GKUv BbcyU wcb ZvB hb ewk KviU hZ bv cvi| KwcivBU@cKkjx gvt RyjwdKvi Avjx Ryqj cv bs- 4

Aavq-2

gvB vKUvjvi cMvwgs

c_gB wKQz welq mK avibv `qv hvK| KwDUvi ev gvB vKUvjvi DfqB h fvlv evS ZvK ej Machine Language| BDRvi (User) h fvlv eenvi Ki ZvK ej nvB jfj jvyqR (High Level Language)| GUv nZ cvi wm jvyqR (C Language) ev ewmK jvyqR (Basic Language)| BDRvi (User) Gi fvlv gwkb (KwDUvi ev gvB vKUvjvi) K evaMvg Kivi A_vr gwkb jvyqR (Machine Language) cwieZb Kivi KvRUv h Ki ZvK ejv nq KvBjvi (Compiler)| BDRvi Gi fvlv hw` wm (C) nq Ze mB KvBjvi K ejv nq wm KvBjvi (C Compiler) Avi BDRvi Gi fvlv hw` ewmK (Basic) nq Ze mB KvBjvi K ejv nq ewmK KvBjvi (Basic Compiler)| gwkb jvyqR (Machine Language) Ges nvB jfj jvyqR (High Level Language) Gi gvS AviI GKUv jvyqR AvQ hvK ej Gmg&we jvyqR (Assembly Language)| Gmg&we jvyqR (Assembli Language) K gwkb jvyqR (Machine Language) cwieZb Kivi KvRUv h Ki ZvK ejv nq Gmg&evi (Assembler)| Gmg&we, wm, ewmK me fvlvZB gvB vKUvjvii Rb cMvg jLv hvq| wewfb aibi md&UIqvi (Software) AvQ hvZ cMvg jLvi Rb bvUcvW (Notepad) AvQ, mv_ Gmg&evi ev KvBjvi AvQ, wmgyjkb (Simulation) Kivi Rb wmgyjUi (Simulator) AvQ| Gaibi wKQz md&UIqvii wj wbP `qv nj|
WinAVR: Notepad with C-Compiler AVRstudio: Notepad with C-Compiler BascomAVR: Notepad with Basic-Compiler, Simulator, Programmer MicroBasic: Notepad, Simulator with Basic-Compiler MPLab: Notepad, Simulator with Assembler

Ze Avgiv GB eBq cvMvgi D`vib jv BascomAVR G `e| cv_wgK fve gvB vKUvjvi cMvwgs Gi Rb ewmK jvyqR B kq ej gb nq Avgvi| Avgiv hviv WUc cMvwgs (Desktop Programming) KiwQ Zv`i nqZ nWvi dvBj (Header File) kUvi mv_ cwiPq AvQ| cMvg h dvskbjv eenvi Kiv nq Zv h nWvi dvBj (Header File) _vK Zvi bvg cMvgi iZ wjL w`Z nq| G Avgiv GKUv bZzb k eje-iwRw dvBj (Registry File)| GKUv D`vnibi gvag welqUv evSvbv hZ cvi| aiv hvK Avgiv GKUv cMvg wjLwQ hv ATmega8 Gi Rb| GLb cMvg wjLZ wMq BbcyU-AvDUcyU cvU wnme Port B eenvi KiwQ| wK gRvi evcvi nj ATmega8 G Port B bvB| GLb KvBjvi hw` cMvg KvBj Ki `q Ges Avgiv hw` Zv KUvjvi XzwKq `B Zvnj wK KvR Kivi K_v? K_v bv| G KvBjviK AekB GmKj welq Z_ `qv _vKZ ne Ges cMvg jLvi mgq BDRviK AekB wjL w`Z ne m Kvb KwcivBU@cKkjx gvt RyjwdKvi Avjx Ryqj cv bs- 5

KUvjvi Gi Rb cMvg wjLQ| KvBjvii mv_ ZvB cZKUv KUvjvii Rb GKKUv Ki iwRw dvBj `qv _vK hvZ H KUvjvi mK cqvRbxq mKj Z_ `qv _vK| Zvnj Avgiv GUv eySZ ciwQ h cMvgi iZB iwRw dvBji bvg wjL w`Z ne| Aavq-1 G Afixb eK WvqvMvg-G AvjvPbv Kiv nqQ KK wdKzqwi K_v| iwRw dvBji ciB wjL w`Z ne KUvjvi KZ wdKzqwZ KvR Kie|

wP 2.1: BascomAVR Gi DBbWv (Window) Dcii wP (wP 2.1) h cMvgUv `Lv hvQ ZvZ c_g jvBb iwRw dvBji bvg jLv AvQ| $regfile wjL BKzqvj wP (=) w`jB GKUv wj Pj Avme mLvb _K iwRw dvBji bvg wmj Ki w`jI ne A_ev Wvej BbfvUW ( ) Gi ga wjL w`jI ne| wP ATmega32 Gi iwRw dvBj wmj Kiv AvQ| wZxq jvBb KK wdKzqwi gvb `qv AvQ| jLvi wbqg $crystal=1000000 DjL, wdKzqwi gvb AekB nvUR (Hz) G wjLZ ne| Avgiv BwZgaB RbwQ cZKUv cvUK BbcyU ev AvDUcyU Dfq wnmeB eenvi Kiv hvq| Ze cMvg mUv ej w`Z ne h GLb cvUUv BbcyU ev GLb cvUUv AvDUcyU| wP 1.2 G `Lvbv nqQ wKfve GKUv cvU BbcyU ev AvDUcyU wnme eenvi Kiv hvq| WvUv wWiK&kb iwRvii (DDRx) h mKj weU wWwRUvj Iqvb _vKe mmKj wcb AvDUcyU wnme eeZ ne| hw` Kvb cvU Gi mejv wcb AvDUcyU wnme eenvi KiZ nq Ze WvUv wWiK&kb iwRvii mKj weU wWwRUvj Iqvb nZ ne| hnZ WvUv wWiK&kb iwRvi 8-weU Gi ZvB mejv weU Iqvb nj Wwmgvj Zv nq 255| Zvnj hw` Avgiv Port A K AvDUcyU wnme eenvi KiZ PvB Zvnj DDRA G 255 cvVvZ ne| GB KvRUv `yBfve Kiv hZ cvi| KwcivBU@cKkjx gvt RyjwdKvi Avjx Ryqj cv bs- 6

GK mivmwi ej w`Z cvwi DDRA=255 A_ev wjL w`Z cvwi Config PORTA=Output| wP 2.1 G GB KvRwU Kiv nqQ| ewmK jvyqRi wKQz iZc~Y welq wbq wbP AvjvPbv Kiv nj| PjKi bvgKib (Declaration of Variable): Dim PjKi bvg as PjKi aib D`vnib: Dim Value as byte GKvwaK PjK GKmv_ wWKvi Kivi Kgv (,) w`q wjLZ ne| D`vnib: Dim Value1 as byte, Value2 as Word, A as Byte PjK wewfb aibi nZ cvi hgb Bit, Byte, Word, Integer, Single BZvw`| Bit aibi PjKi gvb Kej 0 A_ev 1 nZ cvie| Byte aibi PjKi gvb Kej 0 _K 255 ch nZ cvie| Word aibi PjKi gvb Kej 0 _K (2^16)-1 ch nZ cvie| Integer aibi PjK 32-weU Ze abvZK ev FbvZK DfqB nZ cvie| Single aibi PjKi gvb fMvsk nZ cvie| hLb h aibi PjKi cqvRb ne Avgiv m aibi PjK eenvi Kie| hw` Byte wnme Kvb PjK wWKvi Kiv nq Ges Zvi gvb hw` cMvgi ga Kv_vI 255 Gi Pq ewk nq Ze KvBjvi cMvg fzj aie| D`vnib:
Dim Sum as Byte Sum=400 IF Gi eenvi (Use of IF): If kZ Then

UgU
EndIf

D`vnib:

a<b a>b a=b a<=b a>=b a<>b

: a b Gi Pq QvU : a b Gi Pq eo : a Ges b mgvb : a b Gi Pq QvU A_ev mgvb : a b Gi Pq eo A_ev mgvb : a Ges b Amgvb

If Value1>25 Then Value2=Value2+10 EndIf If Gi wfZi hw` GKUvB UgU _vK Ze GK GKjvBb jLv hvq| G kl EndIf jLvi Kvb cqvRb bB|

D`vnibmic: If A>9 Then A=0 For jyc Gi eenvi (Use of For Loop): For PjK=cv_wgK gvb to kl gvb step ew gvb UgU
Next

D`vnib:
For Value=2 to 10 step 2 Sum=Sum+Value Next

KwcivBU@cKkjx gvt RyjwdKvi Avjx Ryqj

cv bs- 7

Do jyc Gi eenvi (Use of Do Loop):

PjK= cv_wgK gvb

Do

UgU PjK= ew gvb Loop until kZ D`vnib:

Value=2 Do Sum=Sum+Value Value=Value+2 Loop until Value>=10 Case Gi eenvi (Use of Case): Select Case PjKi bvg Case PjKi gvb 1:

UgU 1 Case PjKi gvb 2: UgU 2 .. .. .. .. .. ..

End Select

D`vnib:
Select Case Value1 Case=1: Value2=5 Case 2 to 5: Value2=8 Case is >=6: Value2=15 Case Else: Value2=0 End Select

Ze Dci AvjvwPZ UgUjv BascomAVR Gi Help Menu Z D`vnib mn `qv AvQ| cMvg wjL mBf Ki BascomAVR Gi Program Menu _K Compile G wKK Kij cMvgwU Compile ne Ges hLvb mBf Kiv nqQ mLvb FileName.HEX bvg GKwU dvBj Zwi ne| GUvB ne H cMvgi BKzBfvjU gwkb KvW| we: `: BascomAVR Case sensitive bv A_vr QvUnvZi Ai ev eo nvZi Ai hKvbfve wjLjB ne| D`vnibmic Config, config, Ges CONFIG GKB A_ enb Ki|

KwcivBU@cKkjx gvt RyjwdKvi Avjx Ryqj

cv bs- 8

Aavq-3

gvB vKUvjvi evwbs cmm

evwbs wK: KwDUvi cMvg wjL Zv wekl cwZZ gvB vKUvjvi cib Kivi cKqvK evwbs ejv nq| G gvB vKUvjviK GKUv wekl nvWIqvii gvag KwDUvii mv_ mshy Kiv nq| GB nvWIqviK evbvi ejv nq| gvB vKUvjviK KwDUvii mv_ mshvM Kivi KwDUvii cvivjvj cvU (Parallel Port/Printer Port), wmwiqvj cvU (Serial Port) A_ev BDGmwe cvU (USB Port) Gi hKvbv Uv eenvi Kiv hZ cvi| evRvi wewfb aibi evbvi wKbZ cvIqv hvq| GmKj evbvii Avevi wewfb bvg _vK hgbSample Electronics Programmer STK500 Programmer STK200/STK300 Programmer USB-ISP Programmer PROGGY Etc.

Ze Avgiv STK200/STK300 Programmer wbq AvjvPbv Kie| GB evbviwU Lye mnR Lye Kg LiP wbRivB Zwi Kiv hvq| GwU GKwU cvivjvj cvU (Parallel Port/Printer Port) evbvi| mec_g KwDUvii cvivjvj cvU mK wKQy K_v ejv hvK| cvki wP (wP 3.1) KwDUvii cvivjvj cvU `Lvbv nqQ| GB cvU mvavibZ wcUvi jvMvbvi eenvi Kiv nq| Gi 25 wU wcb AvQ| GKcvk AvQ 13 wU Ab cvk 12 wU| h cvk 13 wU wcb AvQ mcvki GK`g wbPi wcbK 1b^i wcb Ges Dcii wcbK 13-b^i wcb aiv nq| h cvk 12 wU wcb AvQ mcvki GK`g wbPi wcbK 14-b^i wcb Ges Dcii wcbK 25-b^i wcb aiv nq| 18-b^i _K 25-b^i wcb ch kU Kiv _vK| G`iK MvD wcb ejv nq| evRvi cvivjvj cvU Gi Kvbi wKbZ cvIqv hvq| cvivjvj cvU _K Kvb KvbK&kb ei Kivi Rb GUv eenvi wP 3.1: cvivjvj cvU wP 3.2: DB25-Male Kiv nq| wP 3.2 G GKwU cvivjvj cvU Kvbi `Lvbv nqQ| GK ejv nq DB25Male|

KwcivBU@cKkjx gvt RyjwdKvi Avjx Ryqj

cv bs- 9

wP 3.3: STK200/STK300 Programmer Gi mvwKU WvqvMvg GUgj Gi mKj gvB vKUvjvi MOSI, MISO I SCK bvg wZbwU wcb _vK| hgb ATmega32 Gi wcbjv h_v g 6,7 Ges 8 b^i wcb| evbvi Bb&j Gi avc: gvB vKUvjvi evb Kivi cye wKQy KvR Ki wbZ nq| wbP Zv AvjvPbv Kiv nj| avc-1: mec_g gvB vKUvjviK Dcii wP (wP 3.3) Abyhvqx KwDUvii cvivjvj cvUi mv_ mshy KiZ ne| avc-2: KwDUvii cvivjvj cvU AvKwUf Ki wbZ ne| GRb UserPort.sys bvgi GKUv dvBj c_g KwDUvii C:\WINDOWS\system32\drivers wWiwiZ ivLZ ne| Zvi ci UserPort.exe bvgi GwcKkb dvBjwU Icb KiZ ne| Zvi ci Enter Grant Interval Gi vb 0x378-0x37F wjL (wP 3.4-K) Add G wKK Kij wbPi wj Zv hvM ne| Zvi ci wbPi wj _K 378-37F wmj ((wP 3.4-L)) Ki Start G wKK KiZ ne| Zvnj KwUvii cvivjvj cvU AvKwUf ne| Dci DwjwLZ dvBj `ywU GB eBqi jLK cKkjx gvt RyjwdKvi Avjx Ryqji IqemvBU www.mzajewel.webs.com/micbook.html _K WvDbjvW Kiv hve|

wP 3.4-K: dv DBbWv

wP 3.4-L: mK DBbWv

KwcivBU@cKkjx gvt RyjwdKvi Avjx Ryqj

cv bs- 10

avc-3: BascomAVR Icb Ki Option Menu _K Programmer G hZ ne| mLvb _K Programmer wnme STK200/STK300 Programmer K wmj (wP 3.5) Ki Ok Z wKK KiZ ne|

wP 3.5: BascomAVR Gi Option Menu gvB vKUvjvi evwbs: gvB vKUvjvi evb Kivi Rb BascomAVR Gi Program Menu _K Send to Chip>Program G wKK Kij wP 3.6 Gi DBbWvUv Avme| Ze Gi AvM AekB cMvg KvBj Ki wbZ ne| cyei avcjv mwVKfve mb Kij cvki DBbWvZ Chip Gi vb h KUvjvi jvMvbv AvQ Zvi bvg `Lve| Gevi gvB vKUvjvi Gi cMvg ggvwi gyQ djvi Rb Chip Menu _K Erase G wKK KiZ ne| bZzb cMvg evb Kivi Rb Chip Menu _K Write Buffer into Chip G wKK KiZ ne| evb mwVKfve mb nj wbP Varify Ok `Lve| wP 3.6: BascomAVR Gi DBbWv

KwcivBU@cKkjx gvt RyjwdKvi Avjx Ryqj

cv bs- 11

Aavq-4

BbcyU-AvDUcyU
myBP&: mvavibZ Kvb eZbx mc~Y Kivi Rb myBP eenvi Kiv nq| cvki eZbxZ K GKwU myBP| cvki eZbx cheY Kij `Lv hvq hLb myBP e _vK ZLb eZbxZ Kvb Zwor cevwnZ nebv dj AvDUcyU ne 0 fv Kvib AvDUcyU jvBb GKwU iwRii gvag MvDi mv_ jvMvbv Ges iwRii wfZi w`q Kvb Zwor cevwnZ nQ bv| Abw`K hLb myBP Ab Kiv ne ZLb eZbxZ Zwor cevn i ne Ges AvDUcyU cvIqv hve 5 fv Kvib GL AvDUcyU jvBb mivmwi 5 fv mvcvBqi mv_ mshy| wWwRUvj BwbK&i fvlvq Dcii NUbv Gfve evLv Kiv hvq, hLb myBP Ab ZLb AvDUcyU Iqvb (5 fv) Ges hLb myBP Ad ZLb AvDcUzU wRiv (0 fv)| AZGe, gvB vKUvjvii Kvb wcb G Iqvb/wRiv BbcyU `qvi Rb cvki eZbxwU eenvi Kiv hZ cvi|
5 fv

AvDUcyU

iwRi

(wP: 4.1) BbcyU AvDUcyU cvU: KwDUvi hgb wewfb aibi BbcyU-AvDUcyU cvU (BDGmwe cvU, cvivjvj cvU-wcUvi cvU, wmwiqvj cvU) _vK miKg gvB vKUvjviI wKQz BbcyU AvDUcyU cvU _vK| GB cvUjvi bvg mvavibZ PORTA, PORTB, PORTC (Atmel) BZvw` nq _vK| GK GKUv cvU mvavibZ 8 Uv Ki wcb _vK (Kvb Kvb Kg _vK)| GB cvUjvK BbcyU A_ev AvDUcyU Dfq wnmeB eenvi Kiv hvq Ze m eenvi Kivi cye cMvg AekB wWdvBb Ki w`Z ne| GKB cvUi wKQzmsLK wcb BbcyU evwK msLK wcb AvDUcyU GfveI eenvi Kiv hvq| hw` KUvjvii Kvb wcbK BbcyU wnme wWdvBb Kiv _vK Zvnj Zvi mv_ Dci ewbZ (wP: 1.1) eZbxi AvDUcyU wcb mshy Ki w`j myBPi gvag Iqvb/wRiv BbcyU `Iqv hve| ch -4.1: 8 (AvU) wU LED (Light Emitting Diode) GKmv_ Rje, 5 mK ci Avevi GKmv_ wbf hve| Avevi 5 mK ci GKmv_ Rje| Gfve PjZ _vKe| GB KvRwU GKUv gvB vKUvjvi w`q Lye mnRB Kiv me| Avgiv hw` KUvjvii Kvb GKUv cvUi AvUUv wcb AvUUv LED (Light Emitting Diode-G mK Aavq 5 G wevwiZ AvjvPbv Kiv AvQ) jvwMq w`q H cvU Gi cZKUv wcb c_g wWwRUvj Iqvb cvVvB Ges 5 mK ci Avevi cZKUv wcb wWwRUvj wRiv cvwVq 5 mK `wi Kwi Ges GB KvRwU hw` Kvb GKUv jyc (For Loop or Do Loop) Gi ga XzwKq `B ZvnjB Avgv`i KvRwU nq hve| KwcivBU@cKkjx gvt RyjwdKvi Avjx Ryqj cv bs- 12

cMvg 4.1:
$regfile=m32def.dat $crystal=1000000 Config PORTA=Output Do PORTA=255 Wait 5 PORTA=0 Wait 5 Loop End (iwRw dvBj ej `qv nqQ) (KK wdKzqwi gvb ej `qv nqQ) (cvU K AvDUcyU wnme ej `qv nqQ) (jyc iy nqQ) (cvU Gi mejv wcb G wWwRUvj Iqvb cvVvbv) (cuvP mK `wi Kiv nqQ) (cvU Gi mejv wcb G wWwRUvj wRiv cvVvbv) (cuvP mK `wi Kiv nqQ) (jyc kl nqQ) (cMvg kl nqQ)

1. Config PORTA=Output Gi vb hw` DDRA=255 wjL w`Zvg ZeyI cvU AvDUcyU wnme KvR KiZ| `yUv Avmj GKB KvR| 2. Kvb cvU Gi mejv wcb wWwRUvj Iqvb cvVvbvi Rb H cvU Gi AvDUcyU WvUv iwRvi (PORTA) Gi mejv weU wWwRUvj Iqvb Ki w`Z ne| Avi hnZy AvDUcyU WvUv iwRvi (PORTA) 8 weUi iwRvi ZvB Gi gvb Wwmgj G `vovq 255| GUv cMvg wZbfve jLv hvq|
a. PORTA=255 b. PORTA=&HFF c. PORTA=&B11111111

3. IqU (Wait) wZb aibi nq Wait, Waitms Ges Waitus| c_gUv mK w`ZxqUv wgwjmK Ges ZZxqUv gvB vmK| 4. Do..Loop Gi Loop Gi ci Kvb kZ bv w`j Zv mvivRxeb Pj (Infinite Loop)|
40 39
1k Ohm 220 Ohm 220 Ohm 220 Ohm 220 Ohm

38

Vcc Gnd

ATmega32

10 11

37 36

Gnd
220 Ohm 220 Ohm

35 34
220 Ohm

wP 4.2: ch-4.1 Gi mvwKU WvqvMg|

33
220 Ohm

KwcivBU@cKkjx gvt RyjwdKvi Avjx Ryqj

cv bs- 13

ch -4.2: GKUv myBPi gvag GKUv LED (Light Emitting Diode) K Ab-Ad Kiv| c_gB gvB vKUvjvii Kvb GKUv BbcyU-AvDUcyU wcb GKUv cyk evUb (Push Button) jvMvZ ne| cykevUb GK aibi myBP hv Pc aij Ab nq Avevi Qi w`j Ad nq hvq| H wcbK cMvg AekB BbcyU wnme ej w`Z ne| Gevi vKUvjvii Kvb GKUv BbcyU-AvDUcyU wcb GKUv LED jvMvB| cMvg 4.2:
$crystal=1000000 $regfile=m32def.dat
9 40
220 Ohm 1k Ohm

Gnd

Config PORTA.0=Output Config PORTB.0=Input PORTA.0=0 Do If PINB.0=1 Then Toggle PORTA.0 EndIf Loop End

Vcc

10

Gnd

11

1k Ohm

wP 4.3: ch-4.2 Gi mvwKU WvqvMg|

1. Kvb cvUi GKwU wcbK BbcyU A_ev AvDUcyU wnme ejvi Rb H cvU Gi bvgi mv_

WU (.) wP w`q KZ b^i wcb Zv w`Z nq| GB KvRUv AvMi cMvgi gZB `yBfve Kiv hve| Config PORTA.0=Output A_ev DDRA.0=1| 2. Abyicfve Kvb cvU Gi wbw` Kvb wcb AvDUcyU cvVvbvi RbI GKBfve AvDUcyU WvUv iwRvii bvgi mv_ WU w`q wjLZ nq| hgb PORTA Gi 0-Zg weU (40-b^i wcb) wWwRUvj wRiv Kivi Rb jLv nqQ PORTA.0=0| 3. mvwKU (wP 4.3) _K `Lv hvQ h mvfvweK Aevq gvB vKUvjvii 1 b^i wcb A_vr Port B Gi 0-Zg wcb (BbcyU WvUv iwRvii 0-Zg weU ev PINB.0) wWwRUvj 0 _vKe (wP 4.1 G GUv AvjvPbv Kiv nqQ)| hLb myBP (K) Pvcv ne ZLb wWwRUvj 1 ne| 4. cvMvg _K `Lv hvQ GKUv AvRxeb jyc (Infinite Loop) Gi ga GKUv If..Then UgUi gvag evievi U Kiv nqQ Port B Gi BbcyU WvUv iwRvii 0-Zg weU (PINB.0) wWwRUvj 1 nqQ wKbv? hw` nq Ze Port A Gi 0-Zg wcb (40-b^i wcb) K UvMj (Toggle) Kiv nqQ| UvMj (Toggle) A_ cyei wecixZ| Zvnj hw` AvM wWwRUvj Iqvb _vK Zvnj myBP Pvcj wWwRUvj wRiv ne, Avi hw` AvM wWwRUvj wRiv _vK Zvnj myBP Pvcj wWwRUvj Iqvb ne A_vr LED wU Ab Ges Ad ne| GB KvRwU KiZ KUvjvii Lye Kg mgq jvMe| `Lv hve h LED wU Ab Kivi Rb myBP Pvcv nj wK myBPi Dci _K nvZ Zzj AvbZ bv AvbZB Dcii KvRwU KUvjvi evievi Kie| KwcivBU@cKkjx gvt RyjwdKvi Avjx Ryqj cv bs- 14

ATmega32

dj `Lv hve hw`I Avgiv LED wU Ab Kivi Rb myBP PcwQ LED wU AdB AvQ| GB mgmvi mgvavb Kivi Rb Avgiv cMvg GKUz cwieZb Avbe| Zvi AvM bZzb GKUv dvskb wkL bqv hvK|
Debounce Gi eenvi: Debounce wcbi bvg, AcviwUs U, jvej Gi bvg, sub

D`vnib:
Debounce PINB.0, 1, Abc, sub

Dcii cMgUv (cMvg 4.2) GKUz cwieZb Kij welqUv eySZ myweav ne| cwiewZZ cMvg wbP `Iqv nj| cMvg 4.3: $regfile=m32def.dat (iwRw dvBj ej `qv nqQ) $crystal=1000000 (KK wdKzqwi gvb ej `qv nqQ)
Config PORTA.0=Output Config PORTB.0=Input (Port A Gi 0-Zg wcb AvDUcyU ej `qv nqQ) (Port B Gi 0-Zg wcb BbcyU ej `qv nqQ)

PORTA.0=0 (Port A Gi 0-Zg wcb G 0 cvVvbv nqQ) Do Debounce PINB.0, 1, Abc, sub Loop End Abc: Toggle PORTA.0 Return (mve iwUb) (PORTA.0 Z 1 _vKj 0 ne, 0 _vKj 1 ne) (Do...Loop G diZ hve)

Debounce Gi KvR nj Gi cvk jLv wcb (PINB.0) hLbB AcviwUs U (1)

Avme ZLbB DjL Ki `qv jvej (Abc) G Pj hve| cMvgi kl jvej wjL w`Z ne| GK ej mve iwUb (Sub Routin)| mve iwUbi KvR kl nq Mj cMvg Avevi cyei hvqMvq diZ hve| Avgv`i GB cMvgi hLbB Avgiv myBP Pvce ZLbB PINB.0 Z AcviwUs U (1) Avme| GLb mve iwUbi KvR mb Ki Avevi Do..Loop Gi ga diZ AvmZ AekB Lye ewk mgq jvMebv| A_vr Avgiv myBP _K nvZ DVvbvi AvMB Avevi dvskbwU GwwKDU ne Avi hnZz myBPwU GLbI Ab AvQ ZvB PINB.0 Z AcviwUs U (1) _vKe dj AveviI mveiwUb Pj hvIqvi K_v wK hve bv| GUvB Gi myweav| A_vr AcviwUs U hw` 1 nq Zvnj wWevD wcb GKevi 1 Avmj mveiwUb hve wK cieZxZ wWevD wcb AZ GKevi 0 bv Avmj mvivRxeb 1 AvmjI mveiwUb hve bv| A_vr Avgiv hw` mvivRxeb myBP Pc aiI _vwK cMvg KwcivBU@cKkjx gvt RyjwdKvi Avjx Ryqj cv bs- 15

mveiwUb GKeviB hve| AcviwUs U 1/0 nZ cvi| A_vr AcviwUs U hw` 0 nq Zvnj wWevD wcb GKevi 0 Avmj mveiwUb hve wK cieZxZ wWevD wcb AZ GKevi 1 bv Avmj mvivRxeb 0 AvmjI mveiwUb hve bv| GLvb _K Avgiv GB wmv wbZ cvwi h Avgv`i GB chi Rb cMvg 4.2 eenvi bv Ki cMvg 4.3 eenvi KivB kq| Dcii chUvK hw` Aviv GKUz cwieZb Kiv hvq hgb Avgiv hw` Gi hvqvMvq GKUv 220 fv Gi evwZ ev dvb jvMvZ PvB Zvnj wK wK cwieZb KiZ ne?
Vcc

Di: cMvg Kvb cwieZb AvbZ ne bv| ay mvwKU GKUz cwieZb AvbZ ne| GiAvM Avgv`i Uvbwmi mK GKUz vb Rc _vKv `iKvi| cvki wP GKwU N-P-N GKwU Uvbwmi `Lvbv C nqQ| N-P-N Uvbwmi Gi ewk nj hw` Gi em (B) Gi cUbwkqvj GwgUvi (E) Gi Pq ewk nq Ze em _K GwgUvii B w`K GKUv Zwor cevwnZ nq GK em cevn (Base Current) ej| Rb Avi mBm Kvji (C) _K GwgUvii w`K AviKUv Zwor cevn E i nq hw` Kvjii cUbwkqvj GwgUvii Pq ewk nq| GK Kvji cevn (Collector Current) ej| em G Lye Kg cevni KvibB Kvji AbK eo gvbi cevn Zwi nq mvavibZ Operating 100-200 Y| em cevn evovj Kvji KviU evoZ Saturation Mode Mode _vK Ges GKmgq Avi evobv| Ges mB cevnK mvPzikb cevn (Saturation Current) ejv nq| em Gi Collector Current mv_ jvMvbv iwRi (Rb) Gi gvb cwieZb Ki em cevn evovbv ev Kgvbv hvq| Avgiv hw` iwRi (Rb) Gi gvb Base Current Ggbfve wVK Kwi h em G wWwRUvj Iqvb w`j UvbwRi mvPzikb gvW G hvq Zvnj UvbwRiK ZLb GKUv myBPi wP 4.4: UvbwRi gZ gb ne| em G Iqvb w`j UvbwRi Ab ne Avevi em G wRiv w`j UvbwRi Ad ne| Gevi Aviv GKUv wWfvBm mK AvjvPbv Kie| mUv nj BjvgvMbwUK wij (Electromagnetic Relay)| Gi mvavibZ cvPUv wcb _vK-C1, C2, NO Common, NO (Normally Opened), NC (Normally Closed)| C1 C1 Ges C2 Gi gvS GKwU Kqj (Coil) _vK| hvK wWwm mvcvB w`j mwjbqW (Solinoied) wnme KvR Ki| Common wcb mvcvB bv `qv C2 Aevq NC Gi mv_ jvMvbv _vK| C1, C2 Gi ga wWwm mvcvB w`j NC Common mwjbqWi P^K AvKlbi dj Common wcb NC _K QzU Gm KwcivBU@cKkjx gvt RyjwdKvi Avjx Ryqj cv bs- 16

NO Gi mv_ jvM| A_vr BjvgvMbwUK wij nj GK aibi myBP hv Ab ev Ad Kivi Rb

GKUv wWwm mvcvB eenvi Kiv nq| cvki eZbxZ gvB vKUvjvi w`q wKfve nvB fvR BUvidm KiZ ne Zv `qv AvQ| `Lv hvQ h hZb ch eZbxi T1 Uvwgbvj G wWwRUvj Iqvb bv `qv ne ZZb ch nvB High Voltage Side Low Voltage Side fvR mvwKU Icb Kvib wiji Common wcb NO Gi mv_ Icb Bulb Vcc AvQ dj Gwm gBb evW _K evj Phase NO Gi ga w`q Kvb Zwor cevn ne Nutral bv| hLbB T1 Uvwgbvj G wWwRUvj Iqvb `qv ne, jv fvR AC Main mvwKUi UvbwRi ZLb Ab ne Board NC C Common dj Vcc _K wiji Kqji (Coil) ga w`q UvbwRi nq Zwor cevwnZ ne| wiji ga Pz^K T1 B AvKlbi dj wiji Common wcb NO Gi mv_ jM hve| dj nvB E fvR mvwKU Gi evj Gi ga w`q Gwm gBb evW _K Zwor cevn i ne| dj evjwU Rje| wP 4.5: nvB fvR BUvidm GLb Avgiv hw` wP 4.5 Gi T1 UvwgbvjK wP 4.3 Gi eZbxi gvB vKUvjvii 40-b^i wcb (LED cwieZ) jvwMq `B Zvnj H eZbxi (wP 4.3) myBPi gvag Avgiv wP 4.5 Gi evjK Ab-Ad KiZ cvie| Gevi hw` myBPi cwieZ hw` Kvb mi eZbxi (wP 4.3) 1-b^i wcb jvwMq `B Ges `yi _K wigvU KUvjvii gvag Iqvb/wRiv cvj&m cvVvB Zvnj wigvU KUvjvi w`q GKUv evj, dvb ev hKvb nvBfvR jvW Avgiv KUvj KiZ cvie| Gwelq cieZxZ wigvU KUvjvi Aavq AvjvPbv Kiv ne|

KwcivBU@cKkjx gvt RyjwdKvi Avjx Ryqj

cv bs- 17