STARTING FORMULATIONS for UV INKS and OVERPRINT VARNISHES

CONTENT

1. UV offset ink starting formulations

1.1. 1.2. for Paper and Board ...page 1 for Plastics (and metals) ...page 1

2. UV flexo ink starting formulations

2.1. 2.2. for Paper and Board ...page 4 for adhesion to difficult substrates ...page 5

3. UV screen ink starting formulations

3.1. 3.2. 3.3. 3.4. 3.5. 3.6. 3.7. 3.8. 3.9. On paper....page 7 Water dilutable formulation on paper (posters) ....page 7 On PVC (Polyvinylchloride) .....page 7 On PE (Polyethylene) ....page 8 On PP (Polypropylene) .......page 9 On PS (Polystyrene) .......page 9 On Polyester .......page 9 On PET Bottles .....page 10 On PC (Polycarbonate) .....page 10

5. UV Inkjet ink starting formulations ....page 11 4. UV OPV starting formulations

4.1 4.2 For paper and board .....page 12 For plastics .....page 12

1. UV offset ink starting formulations:

1.3. for Paper and Board:
Yellow 25 40 2 1 Magenta 22 37 4 1 Cyan 24 36 2 1 17 18 14 1.5 0,1 5 8 1 4 100 5 8 1 4 100 6 9 1 4 100 3 10 1 4 100 Grind Mix Viscosity adjustment Black 18 40.5 3 1 19

Product EbecrylTM657 Ebecryl 3420 OTA480 Stabilizer Additol S120 Special Black 250 (Degussa) Irgalite blue GLO (Ciba) Irgalite Red SMA (Ciba) Permanent yellow DGR (Clariant) PB61:1 PO34 Talc Photoinitiator blend (1) Rad-Wax 62EB (Kromachem) OTA480 Total

Remark: PO34 in yellow should preferably be added as a concentrated paste in the second part of the formulation. 1.4. for Plastics (and metals):
Yellow 36 20 5 1 Magenta 35 20 6 1 Cyan 41 20 1 17 18 14 1.5 0,1 5 8 2 0.5 5 100 5 8 2 0.5 4.5 100 6 9 2 0.5 4 100 3 10 2 0.5 4 100 Grind Black 35 20 4 1 19

Product EbecrylTM436 or EbecrylTM446 Ebecryl 220 TMPTA Stabilizer Additol S120 Special Black 250 (Degussa) Irgalite blue GLO (Ciba) Irgalite Red SMA (Ciba) Permanent yellow DGR (Clariant) PB61:1 PO34 Talc Photoinitiator blend (1) Rad-Wax 62EB (Kromachem) Ebecryl350 TMPTA Total
(1

Mix Viscosity adjustment

PI Blend : 14 % BP, 34 % BDK, Irgacure 369(*) 7 %, ITX 13 %, EPD 32 % (*Ciba)

If necessary, for improvement of ink water balance, about 10% of Ebecryl436 can be replaced by Ebecryl870.

2. UV flexo ink starting formulations:

2.3. for Paper and Board:
Yellow 66.4 2 0.6 1 30 Magenta 60 4 Cyan 60 3 1 1 Black 54 5

Pigment pastes
EbecrylTM 450 Ebecryl 3420 Solsperse 32000 Solsperse 5000 Solsperse 22000 Additol S120 Permanent Yellow DGR (Clariant) Sunbrite 219-0203 (4BY) (SUN) Irgalite blue GLO (Ciba) Special black 250 (Degussa) Total

1 35

35 100 Yellow 14% 46 100 Magenta 16% 46 46 45 45 1 3 5 100 45 1 3 5 100 45 1 3 5 100 44.5 1 3 5 1.5 100 100 Cyan 16% 40 100 Black 18%

Inks
% pigment in the ink Yellow paste Magenta paste Cyan paste Black paste Ebecryl 160 Ebecryl 40 Modaflow 2100 PBZ EPD Irgacure 369 (Ciba) Total

Note: Formulations given here are based on pigment concentrations used on the market. These inks are designed to be printed with anilox delivering 1.3gr/m and achieving the standard optical densities of prints. (1.25 for yellow; 1.4 for magenta and cyan and 1.8 for black). The black ink has been intentionally formulated as a monopigmented one, which is not the market reality, the difference being only about 1% of alkali blue pigment.

2.4.

for adhesion to difficult substrates:

Yellow 19.5 38 4 Magenta 19 36 4 1.5 1 35 Cyan 19 34 5 1 1 27 27 5 Black

Pigment pastes (1) Ebecryl 450 EbecrylTM 3420 TMPTA Solsperse 39000 Solsperse 32000 Solsperse 5000 Solsperse 22000 Additol S120 Permanent Yellow DGR (Clariant) Sunbrite 219-0203 (4BY)- (SUN) Irgalite blue GLO (Ciba) Special black 250 (Degussa) Total
TM

1 40

40 100 100 100 40 100

Pigment pastes (2) Ebecryl 140 EbecrylTM 3420 TMPTA Solsperse 39000 Solsperse 32000 Solsperse 5000 Solsperse 22000 Additol S120 Permanent Yellow DGR (Clariant) Sunbrite 219-0203 (4BY)- (SUN) Irgalite blue GLO (Ciba) Special black 250 (Degussa) Total
TM

Yellow 57.5

Magenta 55

Cyan 53

Black 27 27

4 4 1.5 1 35 5 1 1 5

1 40

40 100 100 100 40 100

Inks % pigment in the ink Formulation Pigment paste Ebecryl 7100 TMPTA Modaflow 2100 ITX (or PBZ if ITX should not be used) EPD Irgacure 369 (Ciba) Total

Yellow 14% 40 20 31 1 3 5 100

Magenta 16% 40 20 31 1 3 5 100

Cyan 16% 40 20 31 1 3 5 100

black 18% 45 20 29.5 1 3 5 1.5 100

Notes: With this formulation the pigment paste is ground using a three roll mill. This pigment paste is then formulated with the diluents and photo initiators shown in order to produce an ink. These are starting point formulations, some adjustment will be required in order to optimize these formulations for a specific application. The viscosity required is around 500- 700 mPa.s at 2500 sec-1. An amount of HDDA (< 10%) may used. It should also help to improve adhesion but will lead to a slower cure speed. The photo initiator levels can be altered in order to change the cure speed. The pigment levels proposed here give standard optical densities of 1.25 for yellow, 1.40 for magenta and cyan, 1.80 for black at a coat weight of 1.0 to 1.25 g/m2. It is possible to improve the appearance of the black ink by adding a small amount of blue to it.

3. UV screen ink starting formulations:

Screen inks are being used on a wide variety of substrates. 3.1. On paper Raw materials Ebecryl 605 Ebecryl 7100 TPGDA PI Aerosil 200 Pigment paste Parts 50 10 16 5 2 20

3.2. Water dilutable formulation on paper (posters) Raw materials EbecrylTM 2003 EbecrylTM 11 EbecrylTM 12 Water PI Additol VXL 4951 Aerosil 200 Pigment paste Parts 30 5 10 15 5 0.5 2 40 Pigment paste EbecrylTM 2003 EbecrylTM 2047 Pigment 35 50 15

3.3. On PVC (Polyvinylchloride) OPV Raw materials EbecrylTM 605 EbecrylTM 584 EbecrylTM 210 EbecrylTM 81 HDDA PI Additol VXL 4951 Parts 40 15 8 15 10 5 2 Ink Raw materials Pigment paste EbecrylTM 584 EbecrylTM 7100 EbecrylTM 303 EbecrylTM 1039 VCL PI Additol VXL 4951 Parts 20 30 15 20 5 5 5 0.5

3.4. On PE (Polyethylene) On flexible PE (packaging) Ink: Raw Materials Pigment paste EbecrylTM 5129 EbecrylTM 7100 HDDA PI Additol VXL 4951 Aerosil 200 Parts 20 24 24 24 5 1 1 Pigment paste EbecrylTM 745 TMPTA Pigment

40 30 30

On hard PE (bottles, cosmetics,..) Raw Materials Pigment paste EbecrylTM 220 EbecrylTM 7100 HDDA EbecrylTM 1039 DPGDA PI Additol VXL 4951 Wax Parts 25 25 12 11 8 10 4 1 3 Pigment paste EbecrylTM 745 TMPTA Pigment 40 30 30

3.5. On PP (Polypropylene) Raw Materials EbecrylTM 586 EbecrylTM 7100 DPGDA TMPTA PI Silicone Pigment paste On PP buckets or hard PP Raw Materials EbecrylTM 745 EbecrylTM 303 PETIA PI Additol VXL 4951 Silicone Pigment paste Parts 23 17 10 5 0.5 2 15 Pigment paste EbecrylTM 745 TMPTA Pigment 40 30 30 Parts 32 8 36 6 4 1 20 Pigment paste EbecrylTM 745 TMPTA Pigment 40 30 30

3.6. On PS (Polystyrene) Raw Materials EbecrylTM 745 EbecrylTM 7100 IBOA EbecrylTM 303 PI Additol VXL 4951 Pigment paste 3.7. On Polyester Raw Materials EbecrylTM 5129 PETIA HDDA PI Additol VXL 4951 Silicone Parts 28 47 19 4 0.5 1 Parts 20.5 15 10 25 6.5 3 20 Pigment paste EbecrylTM 745 TMPTA Pigment 40 30 30

3.8. On PET Bottles Raw Materials EbecrylTM 745 HDDA NVP PI Additol VXL 4951 Pigment paste Parts 37 17 10 5 1 30

3.9. On PC (Polycarbonate) Raw Materials EbecrylTM 294 EbecrylTM 220 PETIA NMP PI Additol VXL 4951 Pigment paste Parts 15 6.5 34 16 5 0.5 20 Pigment paste PETIA Pigment 30 70

Photoinitiator blend (PI):

ITX: EPD: BZP: BDK: Irgacure369:

13% 14% 13% 40% 20%

10

5. UV Inkjet ink starting formulations:

Pigment pastes: Yellow Magenta 68.4 69 1.0 1.0 0.6 5.0 25.0 5.0 Cyan 67.8 1.0 1.2 5.0 25.0 25.0 100 100 100 25.0 100 Black 69 1.0

Ebecryl 151 AdditolTM S 120 Solsperse* 22000 Solsperse 5000 Solsperse 39000 Yellow pigment Blue pigment Red pigment SB250 (Degussa) Total

TM

5.0

Suggested formulation for ink Yellow Magenta 20 20 41 41 15 15 15 15 3 3 5 5 1 1 100 100 Cyan 20 41 15 15 3 5 1 100 Black 20 41 15 15 3 5 1 100

Pigment paste DPGDA HDDA EbecrylTM 1039 PBZ EPD Irgacure 369 (Ciba) Total EbecrylTM 151 DPGDA HDDA EbecrylTM 1039

: grinding resin : base diluent : improve adhesion to plastics : improve flexibility

Important remark: There is currently a lot of patent literature published and care must be taken not to infringe any of these patents.

11

5. UV OPV starting formulations:

5.1 For paper and board:

EbecrylTM 6040 DPGDA Ebecryl 7100 Benzophenone CPK Ebecryl 350

: 36% : 43% : 15% : 4% : 1% : 1%

5.2

For plastics: PVC: Ebecryl 584 HDDA Ebecryl 7100 BCPK Ebecryl 1360 : 50% : 35 % : 10% : 4% : 1%

PE film EbecrylTM 40 Ebecryl 145 Ebecryl 5129 Ebecryl 8402 Ebecryl 2001 Ebecryl 3420 Benzophenone CPK Ebecryl 7100 : 40% : 10% : 10% : 5% : 3% : 10% : 5% : 2% : 15%

12