DETAILED SYSTEM DESIGN-UNIT 4 Once scope & general configuration of the MIS have been established ,the DETAIL

L DESIGN of the system may be started. General approach provide the framework but detailed procedure will bring substance to framework. 1)INFORM AND INVOLVE THE ORGANIZATION Gaining support for the work that follows System designer must have support from most member of organization to obtain acceptance of final system. Members of organization should be informed of objectives & nature of system. It is desirable to reassure the employees .that changes will benefit them and they will not suffer financially from the implementation of system. Employees should not be disturbed during system design When people are not informed they construct wrong concepts 2)AIM OF DETAILED DESIGN Is to furnish a description of system that achieves the goals of conceptual design requirements. Description consist of drawings ,flowchart, procedure, operating manuals required to run the system. The design must be in sufficiently detailed that operating management & personnel implement the system The difference Conceptual design gives overall performance specifications for MIS, detailed design yields construction & operating specification 3)Project management of MIS detailed design Once project manager & key people are designated the steps in project management fall into two classes: PROJECT PLANNING PROJECT CONTROL PROJECT PLANNING ESTABLISH PROJECT OBECTIVE:Involves review ,subdivision & refinement of performance objective establish by conceptual design. Define the project task:identifies the hierarchical structure of tasks to be performed in the design Plan the logical development of sequential & concurrent tasks:requires Network diagram of events & activities Schedule the work as required by management Established end date ,use PERT to tie work & schedule together. Estimate Labor, equipment & other cost for the project

Establish a budget for project by allocating funds to each task & expenditure month by month over the life of the project. PROJECT CONTROL Determine whether project objectives are being met as the project progresses. Maintain the control over the schedule by changing work loads & emphasis as required by delays in critical activities. Evaluate expenditure of funds in terms of both work accomplished & time Evaluate work force utilization & individuals work progress ,make adjustment as required Evaluate time, cost & work performance in terms of schedule ,budgets & technical plans to identify interaction problems 4)IDENTIFY DOMINANT & TRADEOFF CRITERIA Dominant criteria for a system are those that make an activity so important it overrides all other activities. Example:-a dominant criteria might be that system operates so that there is never stock out. This overrides the criteria of minimizing the inventory cost. Like company selling human blood, life preserving drugs, electric power Other examples One day customer service, zero defect product, specified price range for products Identification of dominant criteria is necessary before subsequent design steps can proceed. TRADE OFF CRITERIA Are those in which the criteria for performance of an activity may be reduced to increase performance of another activity. EXAMPLE:-criteria of low manufacturing cost might be balanced against the long range public image of firm by reduction in environment pollution 5)DEFINE THE SUBSYSTEM Each large block or system must be broken down to determine all activities required & the necessary information inputs & outputs of each activity. Careful analyses of each activities is critical in detailed design. The degree of breakdown of major activities ,determine the size & complexity of network. If activities are broken too finely the design will never be completed. Hierarchy of activities can be: System- subsystem -functional components task- subtask- operation element Grouping of system into a subsystem based upon various considerations: Common functions Common techniques or procedure

 Common inputs & outputs Information for defining subsystem Dominant & trade off criteria Available resources Required activities for achievement Necessary control position in the system Management decision points Information for programmed decision Specific output requirements of all system Obtaining information Task force meeting Personal interviews Internal & external source documents Personal observation of operation & communication

6)Sketch detailed operating subsystem & information flows System flow chart Task oriented charts:-show the relationship among various tasks Form oriented charts:-these charts identify the forms used in communication Program flowchart :-prepared by people who give instruction to computer 7)Determine the degree of automation of each operation we can automate most processes to different degrees ,depending upon management desires: No automation:-people continue to do work manual aids. Work automated ,control manual:-electromechanical devices do work, but they must do work by human intervention(ID card reader & sounds alarm on invalid card) Work automated, control automated, feedback automated:-require no automation. Example:-humidity control system. Low level Automation is preferred Problems are not well structured. Decision criteria cannot be well defined Rules for making decision must be constantly well modified. Data entering in the system in ambiguous The processing steps are few & simple 8)Inform & involve the organization again It is important not to disturb the companys main business as we build MIS.

 Upper management should be given brief overview of design & status of design effort. Lower level management should shown the system & subsystem flowcharts. This may generate comments, suggestions, Its a valuable tool to determine which manager is supportive & which resisting change. 9)Inputs ,outputs & processing We will define subsystem inputs, outputs in more detail . Two tasks: 1)specify inputs ,output exactly. Also show where the information can be obtained & whom it will go. 2)Designing useful forms We must identify Function of the form. When the form is used Who fills out the form & who uses the form 10)Early system testing Three ways to get early feedback Modeling Simulation Test planning Problem describe at design time is much cheaper to fix then is found after the system put into operation. Modeling the system quantitatively We now attempt to determine the quantitative ranges for inputs & outputs Decision tables must be developed If these conditions exist then perform these actions If will show the condition stub Then shows action stub Testing the system by simulation-procedure By random methods ,select value of data from within the anticipated ranges of each variable. Trace the effect of inputs through the system Examine outputs of various subsystems 11)software,hardware,tools Software: Develop standards & procedure for programming

 Develop conceptual design specifications & work with system designer in development of the detailed design Develop data processing logic & prepare programming flow chart Hardware Buy enough computer power to do the whole job Buy enough external storage to hold the database Buy other peripheral devices Buy computer supplies(paper,ribbons,tapes) Buy maintenance /support packages 12)Propose an organization to operate the system MIS group will work on the system Manager should recognize that their main objective is that system should function in a way that is best for whole system. 13)Document the detailed design End of detailed design is production of the documents that specify the system,its operation,& its design justification Design consists of A summary flowchart Detailed flowchart Operation activity sheet showing inputs,outputs,transfer Specification of database Computer hardware requirements Software(programs) Cost of installation & implementation 14)revisit the manager user Reporting the status to upper management Feedback to & request for support from lower level management Training given to persons