CIVIL WAR: PART TWO

I. POLITICS IN THE NORTH AND THE SOUTH a. BOTH SIDES WANTED TO RAISE TROOPS AND UNITE THEIR SIDES b. SOUTH i. DRAFT 1. A DRAFT IS REQUIRED MILITARY SERVICE 2. GENERAL LEE CALLED FOR A DRAFT IN APRIL 1862 TO MOBILIZE A LARGER
ARMY

3. THE DRAFT CALLED FOR ALL ELIGIBLE WHITE MEN AGES 18-50 4. GOVERNMENT AUTHORIZED THE ARMY TO SEIZE MALE SLAVES a. SLAVE OWNERS WERE PAID ii. CONFEDERATES IMPOSED TAX ON PERSONAL INCOME iii. CONFEDERATE GOVERNMENT TOOK CHARGE OF THE ECONOMY 1. DETERMINED HOW MUCH WOOL, COTTON AND LEATHER SHOULD BE PRODUCED 2. SEIZED CONTROL OF SOUTHERN RAILROADS c. NORTH i. REPUBLICANS CONTROL CONGRESS 1. HOMESTEAD ACT a. OFFERED FREE GOVERNMENT LAND TO PEOPLE WILLING TO SETTLE 2. PACIFIC RAILROAD ACT a. ALLOWED GOVERNMENT TO GIVE LAND AND MONEY TO COMPANIES TO BUILD A RAILROAD FROM N EBRASKA TO THE PACIFIC OCEAN ST ii. 1 FEDERAL TAX 1. COLLECTED 3% OF PEOPLE EARNING BETWEEN $600 AND $10000. 2. MORE THAN $10000 WAS 5% iii. GREENBACKS 1. NATIONAL GOVERNMENT REFORMED THE BANKING SYSTEM AND CREATED A NATIONAL CURRENCY CALLED G REENBACKS ( BECAUSE OF COLOR ) d. DRAFT i. NORTH NEEDED MORE TROOPS LIKE THE SOUTH SO THEY PASSED THE DRAFT ii. REACTION IN NYC 1. RIOTS BROKE OUT IN NYC AFTER PEOPLE HEARD THE LAW PASSED, BUT THE
RICH WERE ALLOWED TO BUY THEIR WAY OUT

2. 100 PEOPLE DIED e. COPPERHEADS i. DEMOCRATS THAT OPPOSED THE DRAFT AND WAR ii. NAMED THEMSELVES AFTER POISONOUS SNAKE f. MARTIAL LAW i. IS WHEN THE PRESIDENT PUTS THE STATE UNDER MILITARY CONTROL

ii. LINCOLN DID THIS TO KENTUCKY TO SECURE THE BORDER STATE g. SUSPENSION OF H ABEAS CORPUS i. HABEAS CORPUS IS THE LEGAL RIGHT THAT IN THE USA THAT THE COURT MUST DECIDE IF
PEOPLE CAN GO TO PRISON

ii. LINCOLN SUSPENDED THIS LAW AND CLOSE TO 13,000 PEOPLE WHO OPPOSED HIS
POLICIES ENDED UP IN PRISON

II.

EMANCIPATION PROCLAMATION a. WHAT WAS IT ? i. LINCOLN PROCLAIMED ON JANUARY 1ST, 1863 SLAVES IN REBELLION AREAS WOULD BE
FREE

ii. HE ALSO ISSUED THE EMANCIPATION PROCLAMATION 1. STATED THAT ALL SLAVES IN C ONFEDERATE AREAS WERE FREE b. WHAT WAS THE EFFECT OF THE LAW? i. IT DID NOT FREE SLAVES IN BORDER STATES OR IN THE UNION CONTROLLED
CONFEDERATE AREAS

ii. ABOLITIONISTS DID NOT THINK IT WENT FAR ENOUGH iii. SOUTH IGNORED IT c. IMMEDIATE IMPACT i. SOUTHERN SLAVES ESCAPED ii. ENCOURAGED SLAVES TO JOIN UNION ARMY AFRICAN AMERICANS AND THE WAR a. CONTRABAND VS. PERSON i. CONTRABAND: ONES POSSESSIONS COULD BE SEIZED BY ENEMY ii. UNION DEVISED A LEGAL ARGUMENT THAT SLAVES WERE CONTRABAND AND THUS
THEY COULD BE FREED IF CAPTURED BY UNION SOLDIERS

III.

b. 54 MASSACHUSETTS INFANTRY i. BLACK SOLDIERS WERE ALLOWED TO JOIN THE UNION ARMY IN JULY 1862 ii. BLACK SOLDIERS HAD SEPARATE UNITS iii. THE MOST FAMOUS WAS THE 54TH MASSACHUSETTS INFANTRY FOR THEIR ATTACK AND
COURAGE ATTACKING FORT WAGNER

TH

IV.

BATTLES a. GETTYSBURG i. AFTER SEVERAL CRUSHING DEFEATS FOR THE UNION THE TWO SIDES MET AT GETTYSBURG , PENNSYLVANIA LOOKING FOR SUPPLIES AND REGROUPING ii. LINCOLN QUOTE, IF THERE IS A WORSE PLACE THAN HELL , I AM IN IT. iii. JULY 1 1863 1. CONFEDERATES OUTNUMBERED UNION 2. GENERAL GEORGE MEADE- NEW HEAD OF UNION ARMY 3. GETTYSBURG HAD A LOT OF HILLS a. UNION- POSITION WAS CALLED CEMETERY HILL b. CONFEDERATE - POSITION WAS CALLED SEMINARY RIDGE

4. LEE WANTED TO ATTACK THE UNION ARMY EVEN THOUGH THEIR POSITION WAS
STRONG

iv. JULY 2 1863 1. GENERAL JAMES LONGSTREET (NEW #2 FOR CONFEDERATES ) WAS NOT PREPARED TO FIGHT UNTIL 4:00 PM 2. ALLOWED UNION TO BRING REINFORCEMENTS 3. HEAVY FIGHTING AND CASUALTIES AT DEVILS DEN 4. LITTLE ROUND TOP a. UNION SOLDIERS (350) HELD OFF A LARGE CONFEDERATE REGIMENT
UNTIL THEY RAN OUT OF AMMO AND DECIDED TO CHARGE WITH BAYONETS

v. JULY 3 1863 1. CONFEDERATES USED HEAVY ARTILLERY BARRAGE 2. THE UNION STOPPED RETURNING FIRE , WHICH THE CONFEDERATES
INTERPRETED AS DESTROYED

3. PICKETTS CHARGE a. GENERAL GEORGE PICKETT (CONFEDERATES) LED 1 OF THREE UNITS OF 5,000 INTO THE WAITING U NION ARTILLERY b. THE UNION CANNISTER SHELLS TORE THE UNITS APART AND INFANTRY
RIFLES FINISHED THEM OFF

vi. RESULTS 1. UNION- 23,000 CASUALTIES OUT 85,000 2. CONFEDERATES - 28,000 CASUALTIES OUT OF 75,000 3. BLOODIEST BATTLE OF THE CIVIL WAR b. VICKSBURG i. TOOK PLACE IN MISSISSIPPI ii. GRANT SURROUNDED THE CONFEDERATE STRONGHOLD USING SIEGE TACTIC 1. SIEGE: TACTIC WERE THE ENEMY IS SURROUNDED AND STARVED IN ORDER TO
SURRENDER

iii. GRANT BOMBARDED THE CITY FOR A MONTH WITH 2800 SHELLS A DAY iv. PEOPLE ATE HORSES, MULES, DOGS, AND RATS TO SURVIVE v. EVENTUALLY CONFEDERATES SURRENDERED c. GETTYSBURG ADDRESS i. 15000 PEOPLE GATHERED TO REMEMBER TROOPS WHO DIED ii. LINCOLN GAVE FAMOUS SPEECH THAT REMINDED THE MEN WHY THEY WERE FIGHTING : 1. COMMITMENT TO THE PRINCIPLE FOR FREEDOM , EQUALITY AND SELF
GOVERNMENT

d. GRANT BECOMES HEAD ON UNION ARMY IN 1864 e. BATTLE OF WILDERNESS i. TWO DAY BATTLE IN THE WOODS ii. UNION HAD HEAVY CASUALTIES, BUT INSTEAD OF RETREATING THEY JUST WENT AROUND
THE CONFEDERATES TO GO SOUTH

f.

BATTLE OF SPOTSYLVANIA i. TWO WEEK BATTLE WHERE GRANT AGAIN SUFFERED LARGE CASUALTIES , BUT CONTINUED
TO PUSH SOUTH

V.

g. SHERMANS MARCH i. GENERAL SHERMAN MARCHED HIS TROOPS TO ATLANTA WHICH HE WAS ABLE TO CAPTURE IN SEPTEMBER 1864 ii. SHERMAN QUOTE WAR IS CRUELTY , THERE IS NO USE TRYING TO REFORM IT . THE CRUELER IT IS THE SOONER IT WILL BE OVER iii. SHERMAN BURNED ATLANTA TO THE GROUND AND CONTINUED SOUTH DESTROYING ALL INFRASTRUCTURE AND CAPTURING S AVANNAH END OF WAR a. LINCOLN ASSASSINATION i. APRIL 14, 1865 ii. LINCOLN WAS AT THE FORD S THEATRE WATCHING A PLAY iii. JOHN WILKES BOOTH SNUCK UP TO HIS PRIVATE BALCONY AND SHOT HIM iv. LINCOLN DIED OF HIS WOUNDS AND NEVER SAW THE OFFICIAL END OF THE WAR b. SURRENDER AT APPOMATTOX i. APRIL 1865 ii. GRANT AND LEE MET IN A PRIVATE HOUSE AND LEE SURRENDERED