TRNG AI HOC BACH KHOA Tp HCM KHOA IEN - IEN T BO MON C S KY THUAT IEN

TAI LIEU HNG DAN TH NGHIEM O IEN T

(S dung cho Sinh vien chnh qui khoa 2006)

02-2009

Mot so lu y oi vi sinh vien khi th nghiem

- e co the th nghiem tot yeu cau tat ca sinh vien phai oc trc bai th nghiem nha, chuan b bai ra giay bao gom cac mach th nghiem, cac cong thc phng trnh can thiet cho bai th nghiem va trnh cho GVHD trc moi buoi th nghiem. - Cac phan viet trong tai lieu nay ch la cac hng dan thao tac , e hieu ky hn noi dung th nghiem sinh vien can phai oc trc phan ly thuyet trong giao trnh KY THUAT O. PTN Mach & o

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Tai lieu th nghiem o ien t dung cho khoa 2006

Bai 1

I Tom lc Volt ke la thiet b kha hu dung trong lnh vc ien. Mot volt ke DC co the thc hien n gian t mot khung quay kieu t ien (PMMC) va cac ien tr tam o mac noi tiep vi no. II Thiet b th nghiem - 1 nguon DC ieu chnh c - 2 bien tr 50K, va 100K. - 1 khung quay 0 - 50A. - 1 EVM ( volt ke ien t) hoac volt ke so. - Mot so ien tr. III Trnh t th nghiem Xac nh noi tr khung quay bang 1 trong 3 cach sau 1) Phng phap bien tr Lap mach nh hnh 1 50 K S a- at gia tr ien tr 50K cc ai va nguon DC cc tieu b- Tang t t nguon DC en gia tr 1V c- ong khoa S, giam t t bien tr en khi E = 1V 50 A kim ch th at o lech toan khung d- Can than tat nguon roi thao bien tr ra khoi mach, dung may o so o gia tr ien tr nay Hnh 1 va ghi vao bang 1 tr so R1. e- Noi lai ien tr vao mach , thay oi t t cho en khi kim ch th ung goc lech na khung quay. Tiep tuc o va ghi lai tr so R2 vao bang 1. f- Tnh gia tr noi tr khung theo cong thc Rm1 = R2 - 2R1
50 K 2) Phng phap phan the S Lap mach nh hnh 2 a- at gia tr ien tr 50K cc ai E = 1V va nguon DC cc tieu V 50 A b- Tang t t nguon DC en gia tr E = 1V. c- ong khoa S. Giam t t bien Hnh 2 tr en khi kim ch th at o lech toan khung. d- Tnh gia tr noi tr khung quay Rm2 t cac gia tr dong va ap ghi nhan c roi ghi vao bang 1.

Phan 1 Volt ke 1 chieu

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Phong th nghiem Mach &o 02-2009

Tai lieu th nghiem o ien t dung cho khoa 2006

3) Phng phap ien tr Shunt Lap mach nh hnh 3 a- Thay oi bien tr 100K en khi kim lech toan khung. b- ong khoa S , thay oi bien tr 50K t t en khi kim lech ung mot na khung. c- Thao bien tr 50K va 100K ra khoi mach dung may o gia tr cua no va ghi vao R 1 bang tr so R m3 = 50K (R50K va R100K la gia tr o c cua hai bien tr ) R 100K I FS
100K

50K

E = 1V

50A

Hnh 3
4) Tnh gia tr trung bnh cua noi tr khung quay theo cong thc sau R + R m2 + R m3 R mTB = m1 3 Phng phap Phng phap Phng phap Noi tr Bien tr Phan the Shunt Khung quay R1 E (mV ) R50K R2 I (A ) R100K Rm1 Rm2 Rm3 RmTB Bang 1 5) Ap dung cac gia tr RmTB tm c tnh toan tr so cac ien tr tam o cho volt ke DC vi 3 tam o 1V , 5V, 10V .T ve mach vi ien tr tam o oc lap, ien tr tam o chung. 6) Chon mot trong hai mach tren va lap rap volt ke: dung khung quay va khao sat lam bo phan ch th, cac ien tr tam o s dung cac ien tr nho loai watt cam noi tiep nhau tren project board e co tr so mong muon (co the lap bien tr va chnh en tr so a tnh). 7) ieu chnh nguon DC e co mot gia tr ien ap trong khoang cho phep cua volt ke va lap. Noi volt ke vao mach , ieu chnh nguon e cho kim lech mot vai v tr tren vach chia, oc gia tr va ghi ket qua vao bang 2 : tr so E2 (la tr so tng ng ch th cua volt ke va lap), tr so E1 la tr so o c t volt ke so (c xem nh gia tr tin cay ) 8) Tnh sai so cua moi thang theo cong thc E E2 = 1 100 0 0 E1
B

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Phong th nghiem Mach &o 02-2009

Tai lieu th nghiem o ien t dung cho khoa 2006

Tam o

ien tr RS

Tr so ien ap tng ng cac o lech 25% 50% 75% 100%

Sai so tng oi %

0 1v 0 5v 0 - 10v

E1 E2 E1 E2 E1 E2 Bang 2

Phan 2 Volt ke xoay chieu I Muc ch Thiet ke, lap rap va hieu chnh volt ke xoay chieu s dung phng phap chnh lu ban song va toan song. II Thiet b th nghiem - Khung quay 1 chieu 0 - 50A - 5 diode ban dan - 1 variac (may bien the t ngau) - 1 may bien the cach ly - Mot so ien tr III Trnh t th nghiem 1) Tnh toan o nhay xoay chieu cua khung quay (khung quay th nghiem phan 1) 2) Tnh toan cac gia tr ien tr tam o RV cho cac tam o tr hieu dung ien ap xoay chieu 5V, 10V, 20V mach o hnh 4 . 3) Lap rap mach volt ke xoay chieu chnh lu ban song nh hnh ve 4 ( s dung cac ien tr co nh e lam ien tr tam o RV) 4) a cac ien ap xoay chieu Bien ap Bien ap hieu dung cho trong bc 2 Volt ke kha o sa t t ngau cach ly A vao mach (dung volt ke o cac tr so nay tai hai nut A va 220VAC B), ieu chnh cac ien tr Rs 5v 10v 20v e co o lech toan khung. B 5) Thao cac ien tr ra khoi Hnh 4 mach o cac gia tr cua chung va ghi vao bang ket qua
Output Input

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Phong th nghiem Mach &o 02-2009

Tai lieu th nghiem o ien t dung cho khoa 2006

6) Tnh toan cac Volt ke kha o sa t Bien ap Bien ap gia tr ien tr t ngau cach ly A tam o RV cho cac tam o tr 220VAC hieu dung ien 5v 10v 20v ap xoay chieu B 5V, 10V, 20V Hnh 5 khi chnh lu toan ky. 7) Lap rap mach volt ke xoay chieu chnh lu toan song nh hnh ve 5 ( s dung cac ien tr co nh e lam ien tr tam o RV) 8) a cac ien ap xoay chieu hieu dung cho trong bc 6 vao mach (dung volt ke o cac tr so nay tai hai nut Ava B), ieu chnh cac ien tr Rs e co o lech toan khung. 9) Thao cac ien tr ra khoi mach o lai cac gia tr cua chung va ghi vao bang ket qua 10) Tnh sai so phan tram cac gia tr RV trong hai trng hp tnh toan va th nghiem Bang so lieu
Output Input

Chnh lu ban song o nhay xoay chieu SAC = ien tr tam o RV Tam o Tnh toan o ac 5 10 20

Sai so

Chnh lu toan song o nhay xoay chieu SAC = ien tr tam o RV Tam o Tnh toan o ac 5 10 20

Sai so

11) Khao sat o tuyen tnh cua khung quay: mach th nghiem nh hnh 5 chnh ien ap tai hai nut A B bat au t zero roi tang dan moi lan 1V en khi kim lech toan khung, ghi lai v tr goc lech cua kim tng ng vi moi tr so ien ap roi ve o th nay. Thc hien tong t cho cac thang o con lai. Nhan xet ve o tuyen tnh cua goc quay theo ien ap ?

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Phong th nghiem Mach &o 02-2009

Tai lieu th nghiem o ien t dung cho khoa 2006

Phan 3 Bao cao th nghiem 12345Tom lc qua trnh th nghiem Cac bang so lieu thu c Giai thch cach tnh cac ien tr Rm1,2,3 Giai thch cach tnh cac ien tr tam o cho volt ke DC, AC. Nhan xet ve tr so cac ien tr tam o va tam o trong cac trng hp chnh lu mot va hai ban ky. 6- Hay cho biet cac thang o DC va AC volt trong cac trng hp th nghiem tren co cung v tr cua vach chia hay khong? Tai sao ?

Trong cac bc tnh toan co the chon VD = 0,7V

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Bai 2
Phan A : Khao sat ap ng tan so cua mot volt ke xoay chieu I Tom lc Cac volt ke thng co mot day tan so co ap ng khong phang. May o ch th khong chnh xac, ch th cua no cao hn hoac thap hn cac tan so nay. S khong chnh xac nay co the do ap ng tan so cua cac phan t nh cac diode, cach chnh lu, tu ien va cac ien tr trong mach volt ke cung nh do anh hng cua khung quay. II Thiet b th nghiem xoay chieu 3 volt ke khac nhau. Volt ke ch th kim METRIX Volt ke ch th so loai thng DT888. Dao ong ky Volt ke so True RMS. ( khi o tr True RMS phai nhan ong thi vao 2 nut AC va DC hoac o rieng tng thang ACV , DCV roi tnh theo cong thc) 1 dao ong ky dung quan sat dang tn hieu va o tr nh ( lu y phai CALIB ngo hang doc khi o tr nh ) 1 may phat song 1 bang ien tr th nghiem. May phat song Volt ke

III Trnh t th nghiem 1) Noi mach th nghiem nh hnh ve. 2) Dung dao ong ky quan sat dang song, ieu chnh may phat tn hieu sin e bien o ngo ra khoang 2V tan so 1KHz (xem ay la tan so trung tam). oc tren moi volt ke gia tr hieu dung tng ng tai tan so nay . 3) Tang t t tan so may phat en khi nao gia tr oc tren volt ke con khoang 90% tr so oc c cau 2 , ghi nhan tan so nay fH 4) Giam dan tan so may phat en khi nao gia tr oc tren volt ke con khoang 90% tr so oc c cau 2 , hoac tai v tr kim ch th bat au dao ong hay cac ch th so dao ong trong khoang rong ghi nhan tan so nay fL 5) ieu chnh tan so may phat t fL cho en 2fH (khoang 10 tr so ), ghi lai cac gia tr ien ap . Trang 8
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Tai lieu th nghiem o ien t dung cho khoa 2006

6) Ve ap ng tan so V(f) cho tng volt ke. Lu y : trong suot qua trnh thay oi tan so phai luon luon quan sat dao ong ky e ieu chnh bien o may phat luon la khong oi 7) Bay gi chnh may phat song dang song vuong lng cc ( oi xng qua truc hoanh) tan so 1KHz, bien o 2V . Dung cac volt ke o cac ien ap nay va ghi lai ket qua vao bang gia tr. Co nhan xet g ve cac tr so nay ? No co ung theo ket qua khi tnh bang ly thuyet hay khong ? T o hay cho ket luan ve cac volt ke. Dang ien ap Tr so bien o (oc t dao ong ky) VM Tr so o t cac volt ke METRIX VAC DT888 VAC VOLT True RMS VAC VDC VRMS

Sin Vuong lng cc Vuong n cc Tam giac

8) Lam lai th nghiem vi dang song la vuong n cc (keo nut DC Offset tren may phat va xoay cho en khi dang song vuong nam ve mot pha cua truc hoanh). 9) Lap lai cac bc th nghiem tren vi nguon phat bay gi la song tam giac. 10) Lap lai cac bc th nghiem tren vi nguon phat bay gi co phng trnh u(t) = 1+ 2Sint (V) (chnh song sin bien bo 2V roi chnh nut DC offset them 1V) 11) Tnh he so dang Kf va he so nh Kp cua cac tn hieu tren.

Phan B : Khao sat anh hng cua volt ke en ien ap ang o I Tom lc Ban than moi volt ke khi dung o ien ap gia hai nut th eu t nhieu gay ra sai so, tuy theo noi tr cua no ma anh hng se nhieu hay t.(xem giao trnh Ky thuat o e hieu them chi tiet).

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Phong th nghiem Mach &o 02-2009

Tai lieu th nghiem o ien t dung cho khoa 2006

I Th nghiem 1) Thc hien o ien ap bang volt ke METRIX nh hnh ve vi cap ien tr R1 = R2 = 1K (chon 3 tam o gan nht vi tr so can o) . Ghi ket qua vao bang gia tr. Volt ke METRIX - o nhay S = K/V Tr so ien ap tng ng vi cap ien tr R1= R2 = 1K R3= R4 = 100K R5= R6 = 10M

Tam o

2) Lam tng t vi cap ien tr R3 = R4 = 100K. 3) Lam tng t vi cap ien tr R5 = R6 = 10M. 4) Lam lai t cau 1 en cau 3 vi volt ke so DT888. 5) Lam lai t cau 1 en cau 3 vi volt ke True RMS. 6) Cho biet tr so ien ap U=U0 (khi cha co volt ke). Cho biet cach o U0 7) Suy ra noi tr cua moi volt ke. Phan C : Bao cao th nghiem

R1 12V R2 U VDC

1- Mo ta lai tien trnh th nghiem. 2- Trnh bay cac phng phap chuyen oi AC DC trong cac volt ke 3- Hay cho bet cac volt ke s dung trong bai th nghiem thuoc loai nao. Nhan xet ve cac ng bieu dien V(f) a ve. 4- Trnh bay cach oc gia tr ien ap cua mot tn hieu khong sin tren volt ke khac vach sin ? 5- Gia tr ghi nhan c tren dao ong ky la gia tr g khi e v tr AC, DC ? 6- The nao la tr hieu dung thc? 7- Giai thch nguyen nhan gay sai so cac volt ke trong phan B.

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Tai lieu th nghiem o ien t dung cho khoa 2006

Bai 3

Phan A : o ien tr I Tom lc Tuy theo day tr so va ac tnh cua ien tr ma ta co the ap dung cac phng phap o ac khac nhau : o nong ngay tai trang thai hoat ong hoac o nguoi khi ien tr a thao khoi mach . II Th nghiem 1) Phng phap volt-ampe : Dung phng phap re ngan va re dai e o tr so cac ien tr sau: - Bong en. - ien tr s - ien tr day quan. Moi ien tr tien hanh o khoang 10 lan khi tang ien ap t 0V en 20V, ghi ket qua vao bang sau Lan o 1 2 3 4 5 2) o ien tr bang cau o chuyen dung ED Cau chuyen ED nh hnh ve , cau o co cau tao cua cau Kelvin trong o co lap san ien tr mau , va co tch hp mot ien ke ien t Nut tat m va chnh o nhay cho ien ke 1 GA OFF : v tr tat B-CH : v tr kiem tra pin G2 : o nhay thap nhat G1 : o nhay trung bnh G0 : o nhay cao nhat Trang 11
Phong th nghiem Mach &o 02-2009

Bong en Re ngan Re dai U I R U I R

ien tr s Re ngan Re dai U I R U I R

ien tr day quan Re ngan Re dai U I R U I R

Tai lieu th nghiem o ien t dung cho khoa 2006

V tr noi ien tr can o C1 C2 v tr noi 2 au dong ien P1 P2 v tr noi 2 au ap

V tr noi ien tr can o V tr cap nguon DC 3V

4:Coc chon tam o 5: V tr chon tam o

C1
x10

P1
x1 x0.1

P2

C2

- Ext BA +

x0.01 x0.001

6: Cong tac cap nguon

BATT
ON OFF

Galvano

V tr noi amper

GA

B-CH G2 G 1 GA G0
OFF

ien ke ien t 2: Nut nhan kiem tra can bang

3: Bien tr chnh can bang

1: Nut tat m va chnh o nhay cho ien ke

Thao tac tren cau o chuyen dung Cong tac nguon 6 va nut tat m ien ke 1 v tr OFF Lap ien tr can o vao may Cac ien tr gia tr ln (ien tr 2 au) th noi tat tng cap C1-P1 C2-P2 roi noi hai au ien tr vao do. Cac ien tr gia tr nho (ien tr 4 au) th noi 4 au dong ap theo th t vao cac coc C1 - P1 - P2 - C2 Noi nguon DC 3V vao cau o M cong tac nguon 6 ON Chon tam o cho cau o bang cach cam coc chon tam o 4 vao mot trong cac v tr chon tam 5 Bat nut tat m 1 sang v tr B-CH e kiem tra nguon pin cua ien ke, neu kim ch th trong vung mau xanh la pin con tot Chon o nhay thap nhat cho ien ke khi xoay tiep nut tat m 1 qua v tr G2 Trang 12

Phong th nghiem Mach &o 02-2009

Tai lieu th nghiem o ien t dung cho khoa 2006

Nhan nut kiem tra can bang 2 va quan sat goc lech cua kim ien ke Chon mot tam o khac bang cach di coc chon tam o 4 sang mot v tr chon tam ke can , nhan nut kiem tra can bang 2 va quan sat goc lech cua kim ien ke. C nh vay tm ra v tr co goc lech nho nhat , o la v tr tam o ung. Chuyen nut chnh o nhay 1 sang mc cao hn G1 , nhan nut kiem tra can bang 2 va ong thi xoay bien tr chnh can bang 3 e a kim ien ke ve v tr can bang 0 ( v tr kim khong con lech trai hay phai khi nhan nha nut kiem tra can bang 2). Lap lai tng t khi chuyen nut o nhay 1 len mc cao nhat G0 . Khi cau o a can bang hoan toan th xac nh gia tr ien tr can o bang cach oc gia tr tren bien tr chnh can bang nhan vi tam o ang s dung. e co ket qua chnh xac, oi vi moi ien tr sinh vien tien hanh o toi thieu 2 lan tren 2 thang o khac nhau. Ghi nhan cac gia tr thu c vao bang so lieu.

Loai ien tr

Lan o 1 Tam o Gia tr

Lan o 1 Tam o Gia tr

Lan o 1 Tam o Gia tr

So sanh cac tr so o c vi cau 1 ( phng phap volt-ampe).

Phan B : o ien tr tiep at I o bang phng phap volt ke va ampe ke 1 Phng phap trc tiep a) Nguyen tac 220V e o ien tr coc at A RA ta ong them hai coc phu B va C M Dung nguon ien xoay chieu cung cap cho vung at nh U . Trong o s o. ien tr coc at A c tnh R A = T I U la ien ap ri tren vung at gia hai coc A va B, I la V A dong ien chay tren vung at gia cac coc. B A C M : may bien ap cach ly T : may bien ap t ngau 3 coc A B C ong cach nhau toi thieu 20m. Trang 13
Phong th nghiem Mach &o 02-2009

Tai lieu th nghiem o ien t dung cho khoa 2006

b) Th nghiem - Thay oi v tr con chay cua bien ap t ngau e ien ap cung cap vao mach o thay oi - Ghi lai tr so cua dong va ap tren ampe va volt ke cua 5 lan o. - Tnh tr so trung bnh cua coc at A. - Tng t o cho coc at C 2 Phng phap gian tiep Thiet lap mach o nh hnh ve. ien tr coc A va B : U R A + R B = 1 (1) I1 Sau o tiep tuc o cho coc B va C, coc C va A ta co : U R B + R C = 2 (2) I2 U R C + R A = 3 (3) I3
V

220V

M T

T 3 phng trnh tren chung ta xac nh cac gia tr RA, RB, RC. Lu y: cac phng trnh 1, 2, 3 phai lay trung bnh sau nhieu lan o. 3 Bao cao ket qua Lap bang ghi lai tr so cac coc at A B C trong tng lan o theo hai phng phap trc tiep va gian tiep, tnh gia tr trung bnh cua cac coc at, so sanh va giai thch neu co s khac nhau. II o bang may chuyen dung May o chuyen dung nh hnh ve V tr noi coc at E : ni noi coc can o P : ni noi coc phu ien ap C : ni noi coc phu dong ien Nut chon chc nang B : kiem tra nguon pin trong may V : kiem tra ien ap ri tren coc : v tr o ien tr at

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Phong th nghiem Mach &o 02-2009

Tai lieu th nghiem o ien t dung cho khoa 2006

V tr noi cac coc at

A:Nut chnh can bang

E ien ke

B V

C:Nut chon chc nang

B:Nut nhan kiem tra

Lap mach o nh s o ghi tren may, coc can o noi vao v tr E cac coc phu noi vao v tr P va C theo th t. Chuyen nut chc nang C qua v tr B e kiem tra nguon pin : kim ch trong vung mau xanh la pin con tot Chuyen nut chc nang C qua v tr V e kiem tra ien ap ri, neu nho hn 10VAC th cho phep o. Chuyen nut chc nang C qua v tr e o ien tr at : phoi hp nhan nut kiem tra B va xoay nut chnh can bang A e sao cho kim ien ke ch v tr 0 luc o oc gia tr ien tr tren vach chia So sanh ket qua vi phng phap volt ampe.

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Tai lieu th nghiem o ien t dung cho khoa 2006

Bai 4

o ien dung ien cam I Tom lc Cac gia tr ien tr, dung , cam la cac phan t thu ong , e o cac ai lng nay co nhieu phng phap tuy nhien pho bien nhat van la phng phap cau o. Cau o DC c dung o ien tr, cau o AC dung cho o ca R, L va C. Cac cau o AC con co u iem la co the cho ta xac nh ca gia tr D hoac Q cua phan t. II Th nghiem A o ien dung ien cam bang cau n gian Lap cau o ien dung CX nh hnh ve nguon phat song sin chnh tr CX Cmau so khoang 2V tan so 1KHz, cac hop ien tr P , Q bat au vi tr so a b 1000 , tu mau khoang 0,1F. 1KHz Chnh gia tr tu mau e sao Q P cho ien ap tren 2 nut a va b giam dan (dung dao ong ky hoac volt ke ien t e quan sat ieu nay) , tiep tuc chnh e cho tr so ien ap nay la nho nhat (cc tieu), trong ieu kien ly tng gia tr nay se bang khong. Trong trng hp viec ieu chnh lam ien ap thay oi t hoac ch lam ien ap giam ma khong i p qua cc tieu th co ngha la tam o (t so ) khong phu hp luc bay gi phai thay doi q mot t so khac cho cau o. Khi a xac nh c tr so cc tieu ghi lai cac ket qua vao bang va tnh gia tr tu ien CX bang cach can bang cac phan thc va ao .

Lan o P

Tu ien 1 Q Cmau

CX (F)

Tu ien 2 Q Cmau

CX (F)

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Phong th nghiem Mach &o 02-2009

Tai lieu th nghiem o ien t dung cho khoa 2006

Lmau LX R Tng t lap cau o ien cam, thay cuon day mau va ien cam LX. Tien a hanh o nh tren, ghi ket qua vao bang so lieu. Trong b mot so trng hp do ien P Q tr cuon day LX nho hn nhieu so vi ien tr cuon 1KHz day mau lam cho cau o kho can bang luc bay gi ta co the lap them mot hop ien tr R noi tiep vi nhanh co cha LX roi tien hanh chnh can bang cho cau o. Khi co R trc tien ta chon mot tr so cho no khoang vai tram ohm, ieu chnh cuon day mau e cho ien ap a b giam en mot cc tieu, thay oi tr so R e co mot cc tieu nho hn , c tiep tuc nh vay ieu chnh Lmau roi ien tr R cho en khi khong the chnh Uab nho hn , khi nay cau o a can bang va ta co the xac nh tr so LX theo cac phan t cua cau o
Lan o P Q Cuon day 1 R Lmau LX (mH) P Q Cuon day 2 R Lmau LX (mH)

B S dung cau o chuyen dung Trong phan th nghiem nay sinh vien se s dung cau Sauty e o gia tr cac tu ien Cau o chuyen dung nh hnh ve A : nut chon tam o B : nut nhan kiem tra C : nut chnh can bang D : nut chnh goc mat Nut tat m cau o : M v tr On ; A v tr Off

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Phong th nghiem Mach &o 02-2009

Tai lieu th nghiem o ien t dung cho khoa 2006

C:Nut chnh can bang A:Nut chnh tam

.01

Ni cap nguon 4.5 V

Bo tao dao ong D:Nut chnh goc mat Nut tat m cau o

F B:Nut nhan kiem tra T V tr noi tai nghe

M A

X V tr noi tu can o

Thao tac o Cam adapter cap nguon DC 4.5V cho cau o Noi tai nghe vao v tr T, va noi tu can o vao v tr X Bat nut m cau o qua M cap nguon cho bo dao ong (luc nay chung ta se nghe tieng oo t bo dao ong) eo tai nghe va nhan nut kiem tra B ( chu y am thanh co the kha ln do trang thai cha can bang luc au ) Xoay nut chnh tam A chon tam co am thanh nho nhat ieu chnh nut chnh can bang C e tm v tr cc tieu cua am thanh Ket hp hieu chnh nut D (chnh goc mat ) va nut chnh can bang C en khi am thanh nghe nho nhat ( hoac tat han ) khi o chung ta co c trang thai can bang cua cau o oc ket qua va ghi vao bang tr so Chon mot tam o lan can va o lai tu va roi cho lan o th hai, ghi ket qua vao bang tr so Tng t thc hien o cho cac tu ien con lai.

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Phong th nghiem Mach &o 02-2009

Tai lieu th nghiem o ien t dung cho khoa 2006

C o on gian bang Volt ke

220V U0

V U1

CX

Lap mach th nghiem nh hnh ve Lan lt chnh cac gia tr nguon U0 la 50V, 100V, 150V , 200V Trong moi trng hp ghi nhan cac gia tr cua U1 Dung cong thc ly thuyet tnh gia tr cua CX D Bao cao th nghiem Cac tr so o c Gia s rang cac tr so o trong bai la cua mo hnh noi tiep hay tnh cac tr so cua L va C neu s dung mo hnh song song. Liet ke cac phng phap o R, L, C khac ma anh (ch) biet, u va khuyet iem cac phng phap nay. Nhan xet ve loai cau o n gian. He so D, Q ac trng cho tnh chat g tu ien va cuon day ?

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Phong th nghiem Mach &o 02-2009

Tai lieu th nghiem o ien t dung cho khoa 2006

Bai 5 o tan so & pha

Thong thng ngi ta hay dung dao ong ky cac chc nang sau: Quan sat dang song . o tr so ien ap. o chu ky cac chc nang o ac tren chung ta can at dao ong ky v tr chuan (CAL) , cac tr so o c se oc tren o cao va rong tng ng cua dang song tren man anh. Tr so nh nh cua ien ap can o: EP-P = o li lech doc x o lech doc = Volts/Div x So o chia doc Gia tr chu ky cua dang song can o: T = o li lech ngang x o lech ngang = Time/Div x So o chia ngang Ngoai cac chc nang tren dao ong ky con co the dung vao cac muc ch khac nh: o o lech pha cua hai tn hieu (cung tan so) o tan so bang cach so sanh vi mot tan so chuan . Ve ac tuyen V-A cua mot so phan t . I o tan so Dao ong ky c dung e o tan so cua tn hieu xoay chieu bang phng phap Lissajous. phng phap nay dao ong ky c at che o quet ngoai (External Sweep) , tren cac dao ong ky loai hai tia che o nay thng ghi la X-Y vi tn hieu noi vao ngo CH.1 (CH.A) tao dch chuyen theo phng ngang X, con tn hieu noi vao ngo CH.2 (CH.B) tao dch chuyen theo phng doc Y, bang cach nay tren man anh dao ong ky se the hien c quan he cua hai tn hieu Y=Y(X) CH.2=CH.2(CH.1) phng phap Lissajous ngi ta noi tn hieu chuan a biet tan so vao kenh X (CH1) va tn hieu can xac nh tan so FX noi vao kenh Y (CH2) . Tan so FH cua tn hieu chuan c ieu chnh dan cho en khi cac hnh th ng yen tren man anh dao ong ky(cac hnh nay goi la hnh Lissajous).V du nh cac hnh lissajous cua hnh 1.

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Phong th nghiem Mach &o 02-2009

Tai lieu th nghiem o ien t dung cho khoa 2006

Neu ta dng cac ng tiep tuyen theo phng ngang va doc cho cac hnh nay, va em so tiep iem ngang TH , so tiep iem doc TV . Quan he cua hai tan so FH va FX xac nh theo phng trnh sau: T FX =FH H TV II o o lech pha 1) Dung phng phap Lissajous Cach noi day va chnh dao ong ky cung giong khi o tan so , cac hnh lissajous thu c bay gi se la nhng ng elip nam trong cac goc phan t I_III hoac II_IV se tuy vao o lech pha cua hai tn hieu. o lech pha cua hai tn hieu se tnh theo quan he: sin = a b a: la khoang cach gia hai iem cat cua elip va truc tung b: la khoang cach gia hai iem cc ai va cc tieu cua elip theo tung o 2) So sanh pha trc tiep Phng phap nay s dung khi hai tn hieu co chung mass . Dung chc nang hai tia quet quan sat ong thi hai tn hieu, khi o o lech pha c tnh theo cong thc sau: = 2 t T t : la o lech thi gian gia hai tn hieu. T : la chu t ky cua hai tn hieu. T

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Phong th nghiem Mach &o 02-2009

Tai lieu th nghiem o ien t dung cho khoa 2006

3) So sanh pha gian tiep Phng phap nay s dung khi hai tn hieu co cac iem mass khac nhau. e so pha cua chung ngi ta co the dung che o ong bo ngoai , khi o tn hieu rang ca se c kch khi t mot nguon ong bo duy nhat , lan lt quan sat tng tn hieu va so sanh thi iem xuat hien cua chung roi suy ra o lech pha. = 2 t T t : la o lech thi gian gia hai tn hieu. T : la chu ky cua hai tn hieu. III Th nghiem 1) Quan sat dang Noi dao ong ky o dang song ra cua nguon phat song , may phat am tan, ien ap li cach ly, ghi lai cac thong so : hnh dang, tr nh nh, chu ky,cac gia tr max min.(lu y phai calib cac ngo hang doc va ngang khi o cac tr so nay)

2) o tan so (dung phng phap lissajous) Noi mach nh hnh 2, dao ong ky at che o X-Y , vi nguon li dung nh tn hieu chuan hay ieu chnh tan so may phat bang hai lan , ba lan tan so li. oi nguon li bang may phat am tan hay chnh sao cho may phat am tan co tan so gap hai tan so nguon phat song sin. Trong cac th nghiem tren sinh vien ve lai dang song thu c , co nhan xet g ve cac hnh lissajous.
X-Y
CH1 CH2 X Y

Nguon li

May phat song

Hnh 2

3) o o lech pha a. Phng phap lissajous Noi mach nh hnh 3a, dao ong ky che o X-Y , thay oi tan so may phat t min en max, quan sat ve lai cac dang elip va cho biet khoang bien thien cua goc pha

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Phong th nghiem Mach &o 02-2009

Tai lieu th nghiem o ien t dung cho khoa 2006

Noi mach nh hnh 3b, dao ong ky che o X-Y , thay oi tan so may phat t min en max, quan sat ve lai cac dang elip khi mach co them bien ap va cho biet khoang bien thien cua goc pha.

X-Y

CH1 CH2 X Y

X-Y

CH1 CH2 X Y

C C Nguon sin L R Nguon * sin L Bien ap cach ly R

* Hnh 3b

Hnh 3a
b. So sanh pha trc tiep

Noi mach nh hnh 3c , dao ong ky che o hai tia , thay oi tan so may phat t min en max, quan sat ve lai cac dang song va cho biet khoang bien thien cua goc pha Noi mach nh hnh 3d, dao ong ky che o hai tia , thay oi tan so may phat t min en max, quan sat ve lai cac dang song khi mach co them bien ap va cho biet khoang bien thien cua goc pha.

Hai tia

CH1 CH2 X Y

Hai tia

CH1 CH2 X Y

C Nguon sin

L R

Nguon * sin

L Bien ap cach ly R

* Hnh 3d

Hnh 3c
Co nhan xet g so vi phng phap lissajous ?

c. So sanh pha gian tiep

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Phong th nghiem Mach &o 02-2009

Tai lieu th nghiem o ien t dung cho khoa 2006

Noi mach nh hnh 3e , dao ong ky che o mot tia , nguon ong bo lay t ngoai EXT . Dung ngo CH2 ve UR , chnh nut TRIG LEVEL cho dang song ng yen, chnh nut POS cua hang ngang di tn hieu en mot v tr lam moc va ghi nh v tr nay.

Mot tia

ong bo CH1 CH2 EXT

ADD
Noi en nut tuy y

ong bo CH1 CH2 EXT

Noi en nut nh hnh 3e

C
C Nguon sin L R

UR

Nguon sin

UC

L R

UR

Hnh 3e

Hnh 3f

Noi mach nh hnh 3f , dao ong ky che o ADD , ngo vao CH2 v tr ao pha (CH2 hoac INV) , nguon ong bo lay t ngoai EXT , chnh hai nut Volts/Div cua hai kenh giong nhau. Lu y cac nut TRIG LEVEL va nut POS cua hang ngang khong c ieu chnh. Dang song thu c tren dao ong ky chnh la UC . Suy ra goc lech pha cua hai tn hieu nay t hai lan quan sat tren. IV Bao cao Yeu cau phan bao cao - Sinh vien trnh bay lai cac tien trnh th nghiem. - Giai thch cac ket qua thu c. - Cho biet u va khuyet iem cua moi phng phap. - Phng phap Lissajous dung cho hai song vuong co c khong? Cho biet dang o th khi o. - Trnh bay them cac phong phap o tan so , o pha khac ma anh ( ch ) biet. - Trnh bay them cac ng dung khac cua dao ong ky.

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Phong th nghiem Mach &o 02-2009