PREPARED BY GOPALA KRISHNA PALEPU ADE/MRT(PROTECTION)

BUSBAR ARRANGEMENTS
SINGLE BUSBAR SYSTEM. SINGLE BUS WITH SECTIONALISER SYSTEM. SINGLE BUS & TRANSFER BUS SYSTEM. DOUBLE BUSBAR SYSTEM. DOUBLE BUS WITH SECTIONALISER SYSTEM. DOUBLE BUS & TRANSFER BUS SYSTEM. DOUBLE BUS & TRANSFER BUS WITH SECTIONALISER SYSTEM. ONE & HALF BREAKER SYSTEM 1. 3CTs METHOD 2. 4CTs METHOD 3. 5CTs METHOD 4. 6CTs METHOD ONE & HALF BREAKER WITH SECTIONALISER SYSTEM

SINGLE BUS SYSTEM

T/F-1 T/F-2

BAY2 BAY1 BAY3

BAY5 BAY4 BAY6

MAIN BUSBAR

FEEDER1

FEEDER2

FEEDER3

FEEDER4

SINGLE BUS SYSTEM

MAIN BUSBAR 1-89 1-52 CB 2-89 2-52 CB 3-89 3-52 CB 4-89 4-52 CB

3 1-CT
1-89 L

3 2-CT
2-89 T

3 3-CT
3-89 L

3 4-CT
4-89 T

LINE-1 T/F-1

LINE-2 T/F-2

SINGLE BUS SYSTEM

ADVANTAGES
1. 2. 3. 4. Simple in Design Easy Maintenance Less Expenditure Good Appearance
1.

DISADVANTAGES
In case of bus fault or bus bar isolator fault or maintenance Total Substation is out of service. In case of maintenance of transformer circuit breaker the associated transformer has also to be shut-down. Similarly for Line also.

2.

SINGLE BUS WITH CB SECTIONALISER SYSTEM

T/F-1 T/F-2

BAY2 BAY1

CB SECTIONALISER
BAY3

BAY5 BAY6

MAIN BUSBAR

BAY4

FEEDER1

FEEDER2

FEEDER3

FEEDER4

SINGLE BUS WITH CB SECTIONALISER SYSTEM

BUS SECTIONALISER

3A-CT

1-89 1-52 CB

2-89 2-52 CB

BUS-1

3-89 A

3-52 CB 3B-CT

3-89 B 4-89 4-52 CB

BUS-2 5-89 5-52 CB

3 1-CT
1-89 L

3 2-CT
2-89 T

3 4-CT
4-89 L

3 5-CT
5-89 T

LINE-1 T/F-1

LINE-2 T/F-2

SINGLE BUS WITH CB SECTIONALISER SYSTEM

In this, Main Bus is divided into two sections with a Circuit Breaker and isolators in between the adjoining sections. One complete section can be taken out for Maintenance without disturbing the continuity of other section. Even if a fault occurs on one section of the Bus, that faulty section along will be isolated while the other section continues to be in service.

SINGLE BUS & TRANSFER BUS SYSTEM

T/F-1 T/F-2

TRANSFER BUS
TRANSFER BUS COUPLER

BUS-1
BAY1 BAY2 BAY3

BAY4

BAY5

BAY6

BAY7

FEEDER1

FEEDER2

FEEDER3

FEEDER4

SINGLE BUS & TRANSFER BUS SYSTEM

AUX BUS 1-89 B 1-89 L 1-52 CB 1-89A 1-CT 3 2-89 B 2-89 T 2-52 CB 2-89A 2-CT 3
TRANSFER BUS COUPLER

3-89 B 3-CT3 3-52 CB 3-89A

4-89 B 4-89 L 4-52 CB 4-89A 4-CT 3

5-89 B 5-89 T 5-52 CB 5-89A 5-CT 3

MAIN BUSBAR

LINE-1 T/F-1

LINE-2 T/F-2

SINGLE BUS & TRANSFER BUS SYSTEM

With this arrangement, all the feeders are normally on the Main Bus Bar. If at any time, a Line Circuit Breaker Maintenance is required, that particular feeder, can be transferred on to the Transfer Bus. The feeder protection thus gets transferred to trip Transfer Bus Coupler Breaker. On fault occurrence or maintenance, entire bus becomes de-energised. Salient features:Only one Circuit at a time can be transferred on the Transfer Bus. For Maintenance or on fault occurrence, total Bus becomes dead.

DOUBLE MAIN BUS SYSTEM

T/F-1 T/F-2

BAY1

BAY2

BAY3

BAY4 BUS COUPLER

BAY5

BAY7

BAY8

BUS-1

BUS-2

FEEDER1 FEEDER2

FEEDER3 FEEDER4

DOUBLE MAIN BUS SYSTEM

BUS -2
BUS COUPLER

1-89 B 1-89 A BUS -1 1-52 CB 1-CT3 1-89 L

2-89 B 2-89 A

3-89 B 3B-CT3

4-89 B 4-89 A 3-89 A

5-89 B 5-89 A

2-52 CB 2-CT 3 2-89 T

3-52 CB 3A-CT

4-52 CB

5-52 CB 5-CT 3 5-89 T

4-CT 3 4-89 L

LINE-1 T/F-1

LINE-2 T/F-2

DOUBLE BUS SYSTEM

Salient features:This has got flexibility of transferring any Circuit to any of the Bus. For Maintenance or on fault occurrence on one Bus, then only that Bus becomes dead, while the other Bus remains in service. For Maintenance of a Circuit Breaker, that particular Circuit has to be taken out of service. To overcome this, an additional bypass isolator is provided as indicated in figure below.

DOUBLE MAIN BUS & CB BYPASS ISO SYSTEM

T/F-1 T/F-2

BAY1

BAY2

BAY4 BUS COUPLER

BAY6

BAY7

BUS-1

BUS-2

BAY3

BAY5

FEEDER1

FEEDER2

WHEN ANY CB PROBLEM OR FOR PREVENTIVE MAINTANENCE THEN ALL OTHER FEEDERS SHIFTED TO ANOTHER BUS OF FAULTED CB BUS AND CLOSE THE BYPASS ISOLATOR, THEN PROTECTION IS SHIFTED TO BUS COUPLER AND OPEN THE FAULTY CB.

FEEDER3

FEEDER4

DOUBLE MAIN BUS & TRANSFER BUS SYSTEM

T/F-1 T/F-2

BUS-1
BUS COUPLER

BAY3 BAY1 BAY2

BAY4

BAY5

TRANSFER BUS COUPLER BAY6

BUS-2

TRANSFER BUS

BAY7

BAY8

FEEDER1 FEEDER2

FEEDER3 FEEDER4

DOUBLE MAIN BUS & TRANSFER BUS SYSTEM

BUS -2 1-89 B 1-89 A BUS -1 1-52 CB 1-89 L 1-89 C 1-CT3 2-52 CB 2-89 T 2-89 C 2-CT3 AUX BUS 3-52 CB 3A-CT 2-89 B 2-89 A
BUS COUPLER

3-89 B 3B-CT3

4-89 B 4-89 A 3-89 A 4-52 CB

5-89 B 5-89 A

6-89 B 6-89 A

5-52 CB 5-89 L 5-89 C

6-52 CB 6-89 T 6-89 C 1-CT 3

4-CT3 4-89 C

TRANSFER 5-CT3 BUS COUPLER LINE-2

LINE-1

T/F-1

T/F-2

DOUBLE MAIN BUS & TRANSFER BUS SYSTEM

This is combination of Main and Transfer Bus and Double Bus Arrangement. Salient features:This has got flexibility of transferring any Circuit to any of the Main Buses. For Maintenance or any fault occurrence on a Bus, Particular Bus only becomes dead, while the other Bus continues to be in service. Any Circuit Breaker can be taken out for Maintenance by transferring that circuit to Transfer Bus, and transferring its Protection to Transfer Bus Coupler Circuit Breaker.

DOUBLE BUS WITH SECTIONALISER SYSTEM

T/F-1 T/F-2

BAY1

BAY2 BUS COUPLER

BAY3

BAY4

BAY6

BAY7 BUS COUPLER

BAY8

BUS-1

BUS SECTIONALISER

BAY5

BUS-2

FEEDER1

This is an improvement over the double bus bar arrangement. For maintenance or an occurrence of a fault, only one section of the faulty bus only becomes dead while the rest continues to be in service.

FEEDER2

DOUBLE BUS WITH SECTIONALISER SYSTEM

3
1-89 B 1-89 A BUS -1 1-52 CB 1-CT3 1-89 L 2-89 B 2B-CT 3 2-89 A 2-52 CB 2A-CT 3-52 CB 3-89 B 3-89 A 4D-CT 5-89 B BUS SECTIONALISER 5-89 A 4-89 A 4A-52 CB 4-89 C 4B-CT

BUS -2

4-89 B

4B-52 CB

4-89 D 6-89 B 6B-CT 3 6-89 A 5-52 CB 5-CT3 5-89 L 6-52 CB 6A-CT

BUS -4 7-89 B 7-89 A BUS -3 7-52 CB

3
4A-CT

3-CT3 3-89 T

4C-CT

7-CT3 7-89 T

LINE-1 T/F-1

LINE-2 T/F-2

ONE AND HALF CIRCUIT BREAKER SYSTEM

FEEDER1 FEEDER3

(I-CONFIGUARATION)
FEEDER5 FEEDER7 FEEDER9 FEEDER11

BUS-1 DIA1
BAY1

DIA2
BAY4

DIA3
BAY7

DIA4
BAY10

DIA5
BAY13

DIA6
BAY16

BAY11

BAY14

BAY12

BUS-2

FEEDER2

FEEDER4

FEEDER6

FEEDER8

FEEDER10

BAY15

FEEDER12

BAY18

BAY3

BAY6

BAY9

BAY17

BAY2

BAY5

BAY8

ONE AND HALF CIRCUIT BREAKER SYSTEM

(D-CONFIGUARATION)
FEEDER1
BAY2

FEEDER2

FEEDER5
BAY8

FEEDER6

FEEDER9

FEEDER10
BAY14

BAY1

BAY7

BAY13

DIA1

DIA3

DIA5

BUS-1

BUS-2
BAY10 BAY12 BAY16 BAY4

BAY15

BAY3

BAY9

DIA2

DIA4

DIA6

BAY5

BAY11

BAY17

FEEDER3

FEEDER4

FEEDER7

FEEDER8

FEEDER11

FEEDER12

BAY18

BAY6

DIFFERENT CT METHODS OF ONE & HALF BREAKER SYSTEM

CB LINE CB LINE CB LINE LINE CB LINE LINE CB CB

CB 3 CTs METHOD CB 4 CTs METHOD CB 5 CTs METHOD CB 6 CTs METHOD CB 6 CTs METHOD CB 6 CTs METHOD

CB AT/F CB AT/F CB CB CB CB AT/F AT/F AT/F AT/F

ONE AND HALF CIRCUIT BREAKER SYSTEM

Salient features: It has 3 Circuit Breakers for Two Circuits.( One is Line another is Transformer or Bus Reactor or both are Lines) No changeover of Line from one Bus to the other is required. For Circuit Breaker Maintenance of any Line, the load gets transferred Automatically to the other bus. For Maintenance or an occurrence of a Bus fault, all the interconnections will be on healthy bus and no disturbance to the Circuits. Even if both Buses become dead, Circuits can still be in service through the Tie Circuit Breaker. This has got many such advantages to maintain the system stability.

DOUBLE BUS & DOUBLE BREAKER SYSTEM

FEEDER1 FEEDER3 FEEDER1 FEEDER3

BUS-1
BAY2 BAY1 BAY7 BAY5 BAY6

BAY1

BAY3

BAY5

BUS-1 BUS-2
BAY4 BAY2 BAY6 BAY8 BAY4 BAY3 BAY7 BAY8

BUS-2

FEEDER2

FEEDER4

FEEDER2

FEEDER4

FOR ECONOMICAL& RELIABULITY PURPOSE THIS SYSTEM ADOPTED IN 800KV SYSTEM

FEEDER 8 1-52 CB

FEEDER 1 2-52 CB

FEEDER 2

8-52 CB

3-52 CB

FEEDER 7

MESH / RING LAYOUT

4-52 CB

FEEDER 3

7-52 CB

6-52 CB FEEDER 6 FEEDER 5

5-52 CB FEEDER 4

BUSBAR SYSTEMS ADOPTED IN APTRANSCO

BUSBAR CONFIGUARATION
SINGLE BUS SYSTEM SINGLE BUS WITH SECTIONALISER
1. 2. 1. 2.

NAME OF THE SUBSTATION

220KV SIVARAMPALLY 220KV NARKETPALLY 220KV SHAPURNAGAR 220KV CHANDRAYANA GUTTA 220KV YEDDUMAILARAM 220KV GHANAPUR 220KV GACHIBOWLI 220KV GHANAPUR 220KV MALKARAM 220KV TALLAPALLY 400KV MAMIDIPALLY 400KV KALAPAKA 400KV KALAPAKA 400KV MAMIDIPALLY & VEMAGIRI 400KV KHAMMAM & NUNNA (APTRANSCO BAYS IN PGCIL) 400KV NELLORE

BAY VOLTAGE LEVEL

220KV BUS 220KV BUS 220KV BUS 220KV BUS 132 KV BUS 132 KV BUS 220KV BUS 220KV BUS 220KV BUS 220KV BUS 220KV BUS 220KV BUS 400KV BUS 400KV BUS (4 CTs) 400KV BUS (5 CTs) 400KV BUS

SINGLE BUS & AUX BUS 1. SYSTEM 2. DOUBLE BUS SYTEM DOUBLE BUS WITH SECTIONALISER DOUBLE BUS & AUX BUS SYTEM DOUBLE BUS WITH AUX BUS & SECTIONALISER ONE & HALF BREAKER SYSTEM ONE & HALF BREAKER SYSTEM WITH SECTIONALISER
1. 2. 1. 2. 1. 2. 1. 1. 2. 1.

TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION SUBSTATIONS

What does a substation contains..

Substation
Main Equipment Engineered items Auxiliary Equipment Auxiliary System

Civil

Structure

TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION SUBSTATIONS

Main Equipment
Circuit Breaker (CB) Instrument Transformer (CT/CVT/EMVT/PT) Surge Arrester (LA) Isolator (ISO) Transformer & Reactor Bus Support Insulator (BPI) Line Traps (WT/LT) Control & Protection system (C&R) Power Line Carrier Communication system (PLCC)

BUS 89 52 CT 89
LINE ISOLATOR BUS ISOLATOR CIRCUIT BREAKER CURRENT TRANSFORMER

Main Equipment

3
UU U

WAVE/ LINE TRAP

WT CVT

UU U
CAPACITOR VOLTAGE TRANSFORMER

LA
LIGHTENING/SURGE ARRESTOR

TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION SUBSTATIONS

TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION SUBSTATIONS

What does a substation contains..

Substation
Main Equipment Engineered items Auxiliary Equipment Auxiliary System

Civil

Structure

TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION SUBSTATIONS

Engineered items
1. Busbar Materials
A. B. C. D. Strung Bus Conductor (ACSR). Rigid Bus Conductor (AL Tube). Clamps & Connectors. String Insulator & Hardware.

2. Earthing Materials
A. Main Earthing Materials (Rod or Flat). B. Earth Pits.

3. Cables & accessories

A. B. C. D. LT Power & Control Cable HT Power Cable Cable terminations, gland, lugs, ties, marker etc. Cable Supporting Materials.

TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION SUBSTATIONS

What does a substation contains..

Substation
Main Equipment Engineered items Auxiliary Equipment Auxiliary System

Civil

Structure

TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION SUBSTATIONS

Auxiliary Equipment
LTAC Switchgear Panel AC Distribution Board Battery & Battery Charger DC Distribution Board Auxiliary LT Transformer Lighting Transformer Main Lighting Distribution Board Emergency Lighting Distribution Board Diesel Generator UPS

TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION SUBSTATIONS

What does a substation contains..

Substation
Main Equipment Engineered items Auxiliary Equipment Auxiliary System

Civil

Structure

TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION SUBSTATIONS

Auxiliary System
1.

Illumination system
A. Indoor I. Control Room Building II. Diesel Generator Building III.Fire Fighting Pump House Building. IV. Store Room Building V. Repair Bay Outdoor Switchyard

B.

2. 3.

Fire Fighting and Fire Detection System Air Conditioning and Ventilation System

TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION SUBSTATIONS

What does a substation contains..

Substation
Main Equipment Engineered items Auxiliary Equipment Auxiliary System

Civil

Structure

TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION SUBSTATIONS

Substation Structures
Main Column and Beam structures Equipment supporting structures

Substation Civil
Foundation for gantry column & Equipment Foundation for Transformer / Reactor Control Room Building / DG, FFPH Building Outdoor Switchyard Cable Trench Surface Drainage Roads Fencing and Gate

TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION SUBSTATIONS

A Typical Sub-Station content wise cost structure.

A B C D E F G H

6% 6% 16%
16%

13% 13%

4%

4% 27 27%

22% 22% A > Transformer / Reactor----------------------------------------- 27% B > EHV Circuit Breaker, CT, CVT, LA, Isolator, BPI------- 22% C > Control, Protection & PLCC----------------------------------- 7% D > Medium Voltage Switchgear---------------------------------- 5% E > Cables, AC/DC Aux., Lighting, Busbar etc.--------------- 16% F > Structures---------------------------------------------------------- 6% G > Civil------------------------------------------------------------------ 13% H > Erection------------------------------------------------------------- 4%

5% 5% 7%7%

NORMS OF PROTECTION FOLLOWED BY UTILITIES

FOR TRANSMISIION LINES & DISTRIBUTION LINES ( FEEDER / LINE PROTECTION )

Sr.No
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.

VOLTAGE 11 KV LINES 33 KV LINES 66 KV LINES 132 KV LINES

MAIN- 1 PROTECTION
2 O/L + E/F ( 51 + 51N ) 3 O/L + E/F ( 51 + 51N ) SWITCHED DISTANCE SCHEME OR NUMERICAL DISTANCE SCHEME (21P+ 21N)

MAIN-2 PROTECTION/ BACKUP PROTECTION

DIRECTIONAL O/L & E/F RELAYS WITH HIGH SET ( 67 + 67N )

SWITCHED DISTANCE SCHEME OR NON SWITCHED DISTANCE SCHEME OR 220 KV LINES NUMERICAL DISTANCE SCHEME (21P + 21N) NUMERICAL DISTANCE SCHEME (21P+ 21N) (21) DISTANCE SCHEME (21P 400 KV LINES NUMERICAL BUILT DEF RELAY(67N) + 21N) NUMERICAL DISTANCE SCHEME WITHOR LINE + in DIFFERENTIAL SCHEME (87L) 67N DISTANCE SCHEME (21P (21) 765 KV LINES NUMERICAL BUILT DEF RELAY(67N) + 21N) NUMERICAL DISTANCE SCHEME WITHOR LINE + in DIFFERENTIAL SCHEME (87L) 67N

IF MAIN-1 & MAIN-2 ARE NUMERICAL RELAYS, BOTH SHOULD BE SEPARATE MEASURING PRINCIPLES (CHARECTERESTICS), MODELS AND ALGORITHAMS (SHOULD NOT BE DUPLICATED) AND ALL FEATURES SHOULD BE AVAILABLE IN BOTH SCHEMES AND BOTH RELAYS SHOULD BE 100% REDENDENCY IN ALL ASPECTS ( COMPLEMENTARY TO EACH OTHER ) . DISSIMILAR CARRIER SCHEMES ARE TO BE SELECTED ( POTT & PUTT or BLOCK & UNBLOCK). OTHER WISE MAIN-2 MAY BE DIFFERENT MAKE OR PHASE COMPARISION PROTECTION/LINE DIFFERENTIAL PROTECTION WITH BACKUP DISTANCE PROTECTION IS TO BE ADOPTED. BOTH M1 & M2 SHOULD CONTAIN DIRECTIONAL EARTH FAULT PROTECTION (67N) WITH DIRECTIONAL COMPARISION PICKUP SCHEME AS INBUILT FUNCTION.
ZONE-1: 80% OF MAIN LINE ZONE-2: 100% OF MAIN LINE + 50% OF SHORTEST LINE AT OTHER END ZONE-3: 100% OF MAIN LINE + 100% OF SHORTEST LINE AT OTHER END ZONE-4: 100% OF MAIN LINE + (100% OF SHORTEST LINE + 20% OF LONGEST LINE) AT

OTHER END.

NORMS OF PROTECTION FOLLOWED BY UTILITIES

S.No

CAPACITY IN MVA 7.5 & 16 7.5 , 16 & 25 7.5 , 16 , 25 & 31.5 16 , 31.5 50 & 80 31.5, 50 31.5, 50 & 100 100, 200 & 250 100 & 160 315, 500 & 630
1000 & 1500

FOR POWER TRANSFORMERS & AUTO TRANSFORMERS T BACK UP MAIN-1 MAIN-2 VOLTAGE Y PROTECTION ADDITIONAL RATIO IN P PROTECTION KV HV LV PROTECTION
E

SPECIAL PROTECTION
64REF IS 1-PH HIGH IMPEDANCE DIFFERENTIAL RELAY 87TH IS 3-PH HIGH IMPEDANCE DIFFERENTIAL RELAY (PRINCPLE : CIRCULATING CURRENT)

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

66 / 11 66 / 33 132 / 11 132 / 33 220 / 33 220 / 66 400 / 132 220 / 132 400 / 220 765 / 400

2 WINDING TRANSFORMER (STAR/STAR) ICT / AUTO TFR

3 OVER LOAD + 1 EARTH FAULT RELAY ( 51 )

87 TL DIFFERENTIAL RELAY

3OL+1 EL (51)

( LOW IMPEDANCE PERCENTAGE BIASED PHASE SEGREGATED DIFFERENTIAL RELAY PRINCIPLE: MERZ PRICE)

BUCHHOLZ, OLTC OSR OIL TEMP WDNG TEMP

HV & LV REF 64

NIL
HV REF (64)

3 OVER LOAD + 1 DIRECTIONAL EARTH FAULT RELAY ( 51P + 67N)

3 DIR OL (HIGHSET) 1 DIR EL (HIGHSET)

BUCHHOLZ OVER FLUX OLTC OSR 3 OL + PRV/PRD 1 DIR EL OVER LOAD (51P + 67N) OIL TEMP WDNG TEMP ALARM RELAY
3 DIR OL (HIGHSET)

87 TH / 64 REF

630, 750,

1 DIR EL (HIGHSET)

NEUTRAL CURRENT E/F RELAY