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al. f ( x) Tericamente cualquier expresin racional q( x) = se puede expresar como una g ( x) , suma de expresiones racionales cuyos denominadores son potencias de polinomios de f ( x) son grado menor o igual que 2. Concretamente, puede demostrarse que si g ( x) , polinomiosyelgradode f ( x ) esmenorqueelde g ( x ) ,entonces: f ( x) A f ( x) Ax + B = = ; o tambin : m 2 g ( x) ( px + q) g ( x) (ax + bx + c)n AyBsonnmerosreales,mynsonenterosnonegativosy a 2 + bx + c esirreducible, (polinomio cuadrtico que no tiene ceros reales; es decir, b 2 4 a c < 0 ). En este caso,
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a 2 + bx + c nosepuedeexpresarcomounproductodedospolinomiosdeprimergrado.
f ( x) g ( x)
Guaparaobtenerladescomposicinenfraccionesparcialesde
Puedenocurrirtrescasos: 1)grado f ( x) (numerador)> g ( x ) grado(denominador) 2)grado f ( x) =grado g ( x ) 3)grado f ( x) < g ( x ) Para los casos 1 y 2, hay que dividir un polinomio entre el otro hasta llegar a la forma apropiada,sehaceusodelasiguientepropiedad: f ( x) g ( x) r ( x) f ( x) r ( x) = c( x) + f ( x ) = g ( x )c ( x ) + g ( x) g ( x) g ( x) r ( x) c( x) f ( x) r ( x) g ( x) dx = c( x)dx + g ( x) dx
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Donde la integral
c( x)dx
es inmediata y en la integral
g ( x) dx , (ms sencilla de
r ( x)
resolver), r ( x ) esunpolinomiodemenorgradoque g ( x ) yporconsiguienteestamosen eltercercaso Para el caso 3, se factoriza g ( x ) , y luego se expresa como un producto de factores lineales px + q o formas cuadrticas irreducibles ax 2 + bx + c , se agrupan los factores repetidos para que g ( x ) quede expresado como un producto de factores distintos de la forma ( px + q) m obien (ax 2 + bx + c) n ,conmynenterosnonegativos. Una vez agrupados de la forma indicada anteriormente se utiliza las siguientes condiciones: parcialescontieneunasumademfraccionesparcialesdelaforma: Am f ( x) A1 A2 = + + ... + donde cada numerador Am es un nmero 2 ( px + q) m , g ( x) ( px + q) ( px + q) real. Sedeterminanlasconstantesrespectivas: 1.a)Eldenominadortieneracesrealessimples: f ( x) f ( x) A B A( x x2 ) + B ( x x1 ) = = + = g ( x) ( x x1 )( x x2 ) ( x x1 ) ( x x2 ) ( x x1 )( x x2 ) Se iguala f ( x) = A( x x2 ) + B( x x1 ) y se calcula A y B comparando coeficientes o dndolevaloresalax,y por ltimo se resuelven las integrales f ( x) A B dx = dx + dx + ...+ = ALn( x + x1 ) + BLn( x + x2 ) + .. + k g ( x) ( x + x1 ) ( x + x2 )
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g ( x) dx = ( px + q) dx + ( px + q)
f ( x)
A1
A2
dx + ... +
Am dx ( px + q)m
1.b)Eldenominadortieneracesrealesmltiples: f ( x) f ( x) A B C D = = + + + 3 2 ( x x1 ) ( x x2 ) ( x x2 ) ( x x2 )3 g ( x) ( x x1 )( x x2 )
f ( x) A( x x2 )3 + B( x x1 )( x x2 )2 + C ( x x1 )( x x2 ) + D( x x1 ) = g ( x) ( x x1 )( x x2 )3
Igualandoelprincipioconelfinal: f ( x ) = A( x x2 )3 + B ( x x1 )( x x2 ) 2 + C ( x x1 )( x x2 ) + D ( x x1 ) CalculamosloscoeficientesA,B,CyD. Resolvemoslasiguienteintegral: f ( x) A B C D g ( x) dx = ( x x1 )dx + ( x x2 ) dx + ( x x2 )2 dx + ( x x2 )3 dx
g ( x) dx = ALn( x x ) + BLn( x x ) + C ( x x ) + D 2( x x )
1 2 2 2
f ( x)
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0, la (2) Por cada factor (ax 2 + bx + c) n , n 1 , donde (ax 2 + bx + c) , es irreducible, descomposicinenfraccionesparcialescontieneunasumadenfraccionesparcialesdela forma: Axn + bn f ( x) Ax1 + b1 Ax2 + b2 , donde todos los Axn , Bn son = + + ... + 2 2 2 g ( x) (ax + bx + c) (ax + bx + c) (ax 2 + bx + c) n nmerosreales.
f ( x) ( Ax + B)(ax12 + bx1 + c1 ) + (Cx + D)(ax 2 + bx + c) = (ax 2 + bx + c)(ax12 + bx1 + c1 ) g ( x) f ( x) = ( Ax + B)(ax12 + bx1 + c1 ) + (Cx + D)(ax 2 + bx + c)
Sedeterminanlasconstantesporunsistemadeecuacionesyluegosesustituye f ( x) Ax + b Cx + D g ( x) dx = (ax 2 + bx + c) dx + (ax12 + bx1 + c1 ) dx + ... Eldenominadorcomplejoesnecesariocompletarelcuadradocomosigue: bx b 2 b2 2 2 ax + bx + c = a( x + ) + c = a( x + ) + c a 2a 4a Debemoscolocarlodelaforma(xa)2+b2yresolverlaintegraldelasiguienteforma: f ( x) Ax + B Cx + D g ( x) dx = (x a)2 + b2 + (x1 a1 )2 + b12 apartirdeaqunossaldrcomosolucinun Logaritmo(Ln)yunaarcotangente. 2.2)Queeldenominadortengaracesrealescomplejasmltiples: Sedeterminanlasconstantesrespectivasyporltimoseresuelvenlasintegrales f ( x) f ( x) Ax + B Cx + D = = + 2 2 2 2 g ( x) (ax + bx + c) (ax + bx + c) (ax + bx + c) 2
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Seprocedeadeterminarlasconstantescomoseindicanteriormente f ( x) Ax + b Cx + D g ( x) dx = (ax 2 + bx + c) dx + (ax 2 + bx + c)2 dx + ... Unavezsustituidaslasvariablessecompletacuadradosyseresuelvenlasintegrales. x2 + 7 x + 9 1) 3 dx x + 2x2 x 2 x2 + 7 x + 9 x2 + 7 x + 9 A B C dx = = dx + dx + dx x3 + 2 x 2 x 2 x +1 x 1 x+2 ( x + 1)( x 1)( x + 2)
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A + B + C = -1 A + 3B = 7 A + 2 B -C = 9
A =1
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B=2
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x 2 + 7 x + 9 = ( A + B + C ) x 2 + ( A + 3B ) x + ( A + 2 B C )
a1
C = 4
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A + B = 0 2 A B + C = 3 A = 2 , B = 2 y C = 3 A 2B 2C = 12
( x 2)( x + 1) = x 2 + x +1 + ( x +1)
2
3x + 12
2dx
2dx
3dx
= 2Ln( x - 2) 2Ln( x + 1) +
3 +k ( x + 1)
3)
x+3 x + 2x + 4
2 2
x x
2
x+3 Ax + B x+3 Ax + B = 2 = x + 3 = Ax + B A = 1; B = 3 2 2 + 2x + 4 ( x + 1) + 3 x + 2 x + 4 ( x + 1) + 3
I = Ln Sec +
2 3 +k 3
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I=
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( x + 1)
3
+3
( x + 1)
3
+3
2 3 x +1 arctg +k 3 3 2 3 x +1 arctg +k 3 3
( x + 1)
3
+3
4)
1 dx x + 4 x + 13
2 2 2
x x
dx = + 4 x + 13
( x + 2)
( Ax + B )dx
2
+9
1 = x + 4 x + 13
2
Ax + B
( x + 2)
+9
1 = Ax + B A = 0; B = 1
ic
dx 1 x+ 2 = arctg +k 3 + 4 x + 13 3
a1
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( x + 2)
dx
+9
3Sec 2 d = d = + k 9tg 2 + 9
5)
1 dx 2 x 4 x + 10
2
2x 2x
2x
dx 4 x + 10
1 x 1 arctg +k 4 2
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6)
3x + 2 dx x 4x + 8
2 2
x 2 = 2tg x = 2tg + 2; ( x 2)2 = 4tg 2 ; dx = 2Sec2 d 3x + 2 (3(2tg + 2) + 2)2Sec2 d 2 (3(2tg + 2) + 2)Sec2 d = x2 4x + 8 dx = 4tg 2 + 4 4 tg 2 + 1
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3x + 2 dx = 3 tg d + 4 d = 3Ln Sec + + k 4x + 8
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a1
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3x + 2 x2 4x + 8 dx = 3 Ln
( x 2)
2
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( x 2)
2
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2
+4
; = arctg
x2 2
+4
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+ arctg
x2 +k 2
2x 3 + 3 x 2 6 x 12 7) dx x2 4 2 x 3 + 3 x 2 6 x 12 2 x3 3x
2
x2 4 2x + 3
+ 8x 3 x 2 + 2 x 12 + 12 + 2x
2 x 3 + 3 x 2 6 x 12 3x = 2x + 3+ 2 x2 4 x 4
2
2 x 3 + 3 x 2 6 x 12 dx = x2 4
( 2 x + 3 ) dx + x
2x dx = x 2 + 3 x + L n x 2 4 + k 4
8)
2 x 3 5 x 2 4 x + 13 dx x2 4x + 4 x2 4x + 4 2x + 3
2 x 3 5 x 2 4 x + 13 2 x3 + 8 x2 8 x 3 x 2 12 x + 13 3 x 2 + 12 x 12 1
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2 x 3 5 x 2 4 x + 13 1 1 dx = x 2 + 3 x + dx = x 2 + 3 x +k 2 x2 4x + 4 x2 x 2) (
x + 3x 4 dx x2 2 x 8
2
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2 x 3 5 x 2 4 x + 13 dx = x2 4x + 4
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+
( 2 x + 3 ) dx
a1
1 dx x2 4x + 4
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2 x 3 5 x 2 4 x + 13 1 = 2x + 3+ 2 2 x 4x + 4 x 4x + 4
9)
x2 + 3x 4 x + 3x 4
2
x2 2 x 8 1 x2 + 3x 4 5x + 4 =1+ 2 x2 2 x 8 x 2x 8
5x + 4 x2 + 3x 4 5x + 4 dx = dx + 2 dx 2 x 2x 8 x 2x 8 2 4 + 32 2 6 x1 = 4 5x + 4 = = dx x2 2x 8 = 0 x = x2 2 x 8 2 2 x2 = 2
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5x + 4 dx = x2 2x 8
5x + 4 A dx = dx + x4 ( x 4 )( x + 2 )
B dx x+2
A (x + 2)+ B (x 4) 5x + 4 = 5x + 4 = A (x + 2)+ B (x 4) x 2x 8 ( x 4 )( x + 2 )
2
x = 4 24 = 6 A A = 4 x = 2 6 = 6B B =1
5x + 4 dx = x2 2x 8
4 dx + x4
1 dx = 4 Ln x 4 + Ln x + 2 x+2
x2 + 3x 4 dx = x + 4 Ln x 4 + Ln x + 2 + k x2 2x 8
4 3
x4 x3 x 1 x4 + x3 x 1
x3 x2 x
x 1 x4 x3 x 1 dx = x dx + 3 2 dx 3 2 x x x x x 1 x 1 x 1 A B C dx x3 x2 = x2 ( x 1) 3 2 dx = 2 dx = dx + 2 dx + dx 3 2 x x x x ( x 1) x x x 1
Ax ( x 1) + B ( x 1) + C x2 x 1 A B C = + 2 + = x 1 = Ax ( x 1) + B ( x 1) + C x2 x2 ( x 1) x x x 1 x2 ( x 1) x = 0 1 = B B =1 x = 1 2 = C C = 2 x = 2 3 = 2 A + B + 4C 3 = 2 A + 1 8 2 A = 4 A = 2
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x 1 x4 x3 x 1 =x+ 3 2 3 2 x x x x
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x x x 1 10) dx x3 x2
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x 1 2 dx = dx + x3 x 2 x
1 x2 dx +
2 1 dx = 2 Ln x 2 Ln x 1 + k x 1 x
x 4 x3 x 1 x2 1 x3 x2 dx = 2 + 2 Ln x x 2 Ln x 1 + k
1 3 7 5 2 420 2 16 3 2 2 2 = 1 1 2 5 x 3x +7x5=( x 1) ( x 2x+5) x 2x+5 = 0 x = 2 2 1 2 5 0 8x2 +6x + 6 8x2 +6x + 6 A Bx + C dx = x3 3x2 +7x5 ( x1) ( x2 2x+5 ) dx = x1dx + x2 2x+5 dx
8x2 +6x + 6 5 3x + 19 x3 3x2 +7x5 dx = x1 dx + x2 2x+5 dx = 5 Ln x1 + I1 ParaI1 : 3x + 19 2 2 dx x2 2x+5 = ( x1) 1 + 5 = ( x1) + 4 x 2x+5
2
(3x +19)dx
(3x +19)dx
( x1) +4
2
(3x +19)dx
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A( x2 2x+5 ) +( Bx + C)( x1) 8x2 +6x + 6 8x2 +6x + 6 = A( x2 2x+5 ) +( Bx + C)( x1) = 2 2 ( x1) ( x 2x+5 ) ( x1) ( x 2x+5 )
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( x 1) ( x 1)
(3 x + 19)dx
2
+4
(3x + 19)dx
2
+4
= 3 tg d +
( x 1)
2
+4
; = arctg
x 1 2
( x 1)
2
+4
+ 11arctg
x 1 +k 2
5 x 2 + 12 x + 1 2 3 dx dx = dx + dx + x3 + 3x 2 4 x 1 ( x + 2) 2 ( x + 2) 5 x 2 + 12 x + 1 3 x3 + 3x 2 4 dx = 2 Ln x 1 x + 2 + Ln x + 2 + k
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5 x 2 + 12 x + 1 5 x 2 + 12 x + 1 A B C x3 + 3x 2 4 dx = ( x 1) ( x + 2)2 dx = ( x 1) dx + ( x + 2)2 + ( x + 2) dx
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x3 + 3x 2 4 = ( x 1) ( x + 2) 2
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5 x 2 + 12 x + 1 dx 12) 3 x + 3x 2 4
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13)
5x2 + 20 x + 6 dx x3 + 2 x2 + x
x ( x + 1)
I1 = 6 I2 = 9
dx = Ln x + k x dx = u = x + 1 du = dx 9 9 9 du 9 u2 du I2 = I2 = +k 2 ( x + 1) u u
( x + 1)
I3 =
dx = Ln x +1 + k x +1 9
5x2 + 20 x + 6
dx =Ln x
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5x2 + 20 x + 6
dx = 6
dx dx dx + 9 2 x ( x + 1) x + 1
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5 = A + C 20 = 2 A + B + C A = 6; B = 9; C = 1 6 = A
Ln x +1 + k
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5x2 + 20 x + 6 = x2 [ A + C] + x [ 2 A + B + C] + A
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14)
ex dx (1 ex )( 2 + ex ) du A B du + du = 2+u (1u)( 2 + u) 1 u
(1u)( 2 + u)
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ex dx 1 1 ex dx = Ln 1 ex + Ln 2 + ex + k = 3 Ln(1 ex ) (2 + ex ) + k (1 ex )( 2 + ex ) 3 x x 3 (1 e )( 2 + e )
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(1u)(2 +u)
du
1 du 1 du 1 1 1u + 3 2 +u = 3 Ln 1 u + 3 Ln 2 + u + k 3
a1
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Cambio deVariable : u = 2x +32x = u 3du = 2x Ln( 2) dx dx = du du dx = 2 Ln( 2) (u 3)Ln( 2)
x
du B 1 1 1 A 1 1 = du = du du + x dx = 2 +3 u (u 3) Ln( 2) Ln( 2) u(u 3) Ln( 2) u (u 3) A B 1 = + 1= A( u 3) + Bu 1= u(A+ B) 3A u( u 3) u ( u 3) A+ B = 0 1 1 A= ; B = 3 3 3A=1 1 1 1 du 1 du du = u(u 3) 3Ln( 2) u (u 3) =3ln( 2) ln u ln u 3+k Ln( 2)
1 1 1 ln 2x + 3 ln 2x + k = ln 2x + 3 x ln 2 + k dx = x +3 3ln ( 2) 3ln ( 2)
x x ln 2 + 3 1 2x + 3 dx = 3 3ln ( 2) + k
16)
x2 x 21 dx 2x3 x2 +8x 4
1 = 2A + C 1 = A +2B 21 = B+ 4C
A = 3; B = 1;C = 5
x2 x 21 dx x2 x21 dx dx 3x +1 3xdx (x2 +4)(2x 1) dx = (x2 +4) dx5 ( 2x 1) (x2 +4)(2x 1) dx = (x2 +4) + (x2 +4) 5 ( 2x 1)
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17)
dx 9x + x2
4
9 x 4 + x 2 = x 2 ( 9 x 2 + 1)
9x
2
dx = + x2
dx A B ( Cx + D ) dx = 2 dx + dx + 2 x x x ( 9 x + 1) ( 9 x 2 + 1)
2
x=
1 9
tg x2 = 1 tg 2 ; 9
1 9
dx = =
1 9
1 dx = 3arctg (3x) + k 9 x4 + x2 x
18)
x +1 dx x 9 x +14
2
x2 9 x + 14 = ( x 2) ( x 7)
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dx 2 (x +
1 9 1 9
tg 2 + 1 9
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Sec2 d
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1 9
dx dx = 2 2 ( 9x + 1) ( x +
1 9
1 9
Sec2 d tg 2 +1 = 3 d = 3 + k = 3arctg(3x) + k
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x ( 9x
2
+ 1)
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dx
( x + 1) A B 8 3 = + ( x + 1) = A( x 7) + B( x 2) A = ; B = 5 5 ( x 2) ( x 7) ( x 2) ( x 7)
( x 2) ( x 7) = 5 ( x 2) 5 ( x 7) x
( x + 1)dx
dx
dx
3 ( x + 1)dx 8 = Ln x 2 Ln x 7 + k 5 9 x + 14 5
19)
2x 1 dx x + x2 2x
3
x3 + x2 2x = x( x 1) (x + 2)
x + x 2x = x( x1) (x + 2) =
3 2
(2x 1)dx
(2x +1)dx
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3
x( x1) (x + 2) = 2 x + 3 (x 1) 6 (x + 2) x + x 2x
2
1 dx 1
dx
dx
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(2x +1)dx
(2x 1)dx
a1
1 1 5 = Ln x + Ln x 1 Ln x + 2 + k 2 3 6
20)
(3x2 +5x) dx x3 + x2 x1
2
(3x2 +5x) (3x2 +5x) Adx Bdx C x3 + x2 x1 dx = ( x1)( x + 1)2 dx = ( x1) + ( x + 1)2 + ( x +1) dx (3x2 +5x) = A B C 2 + + (3x2 +5x) = A( x+1) + B( x1) +C( x1)( x + 1) 2 ( x1) ( x + 1) ( x +1)
( x1)( x + 1)
A= 2; B =1 C =1 ;
( x1)( x + 1)
(3x2 +5x)
dx = 2 2
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21)
3 dx x + x2 +1
4
x4 + x2 +1 = x4 + x2 +1+ x2 x2 = x4 + 2x2 +1 x2 = (x2 +1)2 x2 = ((x2 +1) x)((x2 +1) + x) x4 + x2 +1= (x2 + x +1)(x2 x +1) 3dx 3dx Ax + B Cx + D x4 + x2 +1 = (x2 + x +1)(x2 x +1) = (x2 + x +1) dx + (x2 x +1) dx Ax + B Cx + D 3 = 2 + 2 3 = ( Ax + B)(x2 x +1) + (Cx + D)(x2 + x +1) 2 (x + x +1)(x x +1) (x + x +1) (x x +1)
2
Para I1 :
x+ 1 = 2
3 4
tg x =
3 4
tg 1 ; (x + 1 )2 = 3 tg2; dx = 2 2 4
3 4
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1
3 4
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(
( x+ ) ( x+ )
x+ =
1 2
(x +1)dx
1 2 2
3 4
( 3 tg 1 +1) 4 2
3 4
Sec2 d
a1
3 4
Sec2 d
tg +
2
3 4
3 4
tg + 1 )d = tg d + 2
.c o
1 3
(x +1)dx
1 2 2
3 4
= Ln Sec + 13 + k
3 4
ParaI2 :
(2x 1)2 + 3 1 x +1 2x 1 Solucionando de forma similar : 2 dx = Ln + 3 arctg +k (x x +1) 3 3 (2x +1)2 + 3 1 (2x 1)2 + 3 1 3dx 2x +1 2x 1 = Ln + 3 arctg Ln + 3 arctg +k x4 + x2 +1 3 3 3 3
B C (Dx + E) (x4 +8x3 x2 + 2x +1) A = + + + 2 2 2 2 x(x +1) (x x +1) x (x +1) (x +1) (x x +1) Resolver el sistemadeecuaciones : A=1; B = 3; C =2; D = 2; E = 0 (x4 +8x3 x2 + 2x +1)dx dx dx dx 2xdx = +3 2 + 2 x(x +1)2(x2 x +1) x (x +1)2 (x +1) (x x +1) I1; I2; I3 son inmediatas I4 = 2xdx 2xdx = De la forma : x2 + a2 Cambio: x = atg 2 3 2 (x x +1) ( x 1 ) + 4 2
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(x4 +8x3 x2 + 2x +1)dx Adx (Dx + E)dx x4 +8x3 x2 + 2x +1 Bdx Cdx = + + + 2 dx = (x2 + x)(x3 +1) x(x +1)2 (x2 x +1) x (x +1)2 (x +1) (x x +1)
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(x2 + x)(x3 +1) = x(x +1)(x +1)(x2 x +1) = x(x +1)2(x2 x +1)
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a1
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x 1 = 2
3 4
tg x = 2(
3 4
tg + 1 ; ( x 1 )2 = 3 tg 2 ; dx = 2 2 4 tg + 1 ) 2
3 4 2 3 4
3 4
Sec2 d
( x )
1 2
2xdx
2
+3 4
3 4
Sec2 d
3 4
tg +
3
3 4
3 4
tg + 1 )d = 2 tg d + 2
2 3
( x+ )
x =
1 2
(x +1)dx
1 2 2
3 4
= 2Ln Sec + 23 + k
3 4
x3 5x2 + 4x = x (x 4)(x 1)
25x2 20x + 2 A B C = + + 25x2 20x + 2 = A(x 4)(x 1) + Bx(x 1) + Cx(x 1) x (x 4)(x 1) x (x 4) (x 1) A = 1 ; B = 161 ; C = 37 2 6 (25x2 20x + 2)dx 1 dx 161 dx 7 dx = 2 + 6 3 x (x 4)(x 1) x (x 4) (x 1) 5x3 + 2 6 x3 5x2 + 4x dx = 5x + 12 Ln x + 161 Ln x 4 37 Ln x 1 + k
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I1 =
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24)
x2 8x + 7 dx ( x2 3x 10)2
( x2 3x 10)2 = (( x 5)( x + 2))2 = ( x 5)2 ( x + 2)2 x 2 8x + 7 x2 8x + 7 Adx Bdx Cdx Ddx dx = dx = + + + ( x2 3x 10)2 ( x 5)2 ( x + 2)2 ( x 5)2 ( x 5) ( x + 2)2 ( x + 2) x2 8x + 7 A B C D = + + + 2 2 2 2 ( x 5) ( x + 2) ( x 5) ( x 5) ( x + 2) ( x + 2)
30 resolver el sistema deecuaciones : A = 8 ; B = 343 ; C = 27 ; D = 30 49 49 343
NOTA:COMOPUEDENOBSERVARLASOLUCINDEINTEGRALESRACIONALESSEBASA ENPRIMERLUGAR,DETERMINARLOSVALORESDELASCONSTANTESQUEAPAREZCAN SEGN LOS CASOS ANTERIORMENTE ESTUDIADOS, Y UNA VEZ QUE TENEMOS ESOS VALORES,LASINTEGRALESACALCULARSERESUELVENPORMTODOSYACONOCIDOS.
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INTEGRALESVARIAS
( 2 Arctgx) dx ; dv = xdx v = x2 + k du =
1 + x2 2
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(I3 )
( ArcTgx ) dx
1+ x (I4 )
2
xdx 1 + x2 (I5 )
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x2 ( Arctgx ) x2 Arctgx dx x ( Arctgx) dx = 2 1 + x2 x2 Arctgx dx dx x2 I1 = ; dv = dx Seleccin : u = Arctgx du = 1 + x2 1 + x2 1 + x2 x2 v= dx Cambio de Variable : x = atg x2 = tg 2 ; dx = Sec2 d 2 1+ x tg 2 Sec2 d v= v = tg 2 d = (1 Sec2 ) d d Sec2 d = tg + k 2 1+ tg v = Arctg ( x) x + k
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2)
( I2 )
( Cosx +1)dx = x ( Cosx 1)dx = x ( Cosx 1) dx x x dx = Cosx +1 Sen2 x ( Cosx +1) ( Cosx 1) Cos2 1
Sen x x Csc x dx
2
x dx
u = x du = dx
dv = Csc x dx
2
v = Ctgx + k
x Cscx dx =
ww
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M at
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( I3 )
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3)
( Cos x + x )dx
S en x + 1 Sen x + 1 =
( Cos x + x )dx
Cos x dx du u
Sen x + 1 dx
Cos x
Sen x + 1
x dx
( I1 ) = ( I1 ) =
(I2 ) =
x ( Sen x 1) dx x ( Sen x 1 ) dx = 2 Sen x 1 1 Sen 2 x Sen x x ) x Sen x dx x dx dx = + 2 2 Cos x Cos x Cos 2 x ( I3 ) (I4 )
Seleccin : u = x du = dx ;
(I3 ) =
(I4 ) =
ww
x Sec
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x dx
dv = Sec
x Sec
x dx = xtg x tgx dx =
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Para : ( I 3 ) =
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(I2 ) =
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(x
( P .P )
( P .P )
2
x dx v = tg x + k
2
xSec
x dx = xtg x Ln Sec x + k
( I1 )
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d Cos 2 1 Cos 2 Sen2 Cos d Sen2 d d = d = = 1 Sen2 Cos Cos Cos Cos
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M at
1 x2
x + k = Ln
1+ x 1 x2
x + k = Ln
(1 + x ) (1 x )(1 + x )
2
x+k
x2 Ln( 1 x ) 1 1 + x 1 x 1+ x xLn dx = + Ln x+ K 1+ x 2 2 1 x
5) 1 + tgx dx Sen 2 x 1 + tgx dx tgx Sen2 x dx = Sen2 x + Sen2 x dx ( I1 ) (I2 )
( I1 ) Csc 2 x dx = Ctgx + k Senx dx tgx dx Senx dx dx Cosx = = (I2 ) 2 2 Sen2 x Cosx = Senx Cosx = Sen x Sen x ( Sen 2 x + Cos 2 x) dx Senx Cosx
ww
w.
Sen2x dx Cos2x dx Senx dx Cosx dx Senx Cosx + Senx Cosx = Cosx + Senx = tgx dx + Ctgx dx = Ln Secx + Ln Senx +k
1+tgx
ww
w.
at
Sen2x = 2 Sen2x
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dx
dx
2Csc(2x)dx
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Otra Forma :
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