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Four steps:
Coke-oven-Sinter-BF route
used by integrated steel plants that produce steel from iron ore. In this process, the iron ore is first subjected to a sintering process.
Sintering Process
is the technology for agglomeration of iron ore fines into useful Blast Furnace burden material.
The treated iron from the sintering plant is fed in to the Blast furnace along with coke. The blast furnace basically does the function of converting iron oxide in to liquid iron. Coke is used as a reducing agent as well as fuel. The output from the furnace is the pure iron in molten stage, which is called hot metal.
The hot metal output from the Blast furnace is either directly fed in to the Basic Oxygen Furnace or used for producing pig iron.
This technique produces 97.0 percent pure iron, which is called, solid Sponge Iron.
Corex Technique
Here coal is directly used in a melter gesifier as an energy carrier & reducing agent, thereby eliminating the need for a Blast Furnace, Sinter Plant & Coke Ovens
Types of techniques:
1. Basic Oxygen Furnace (BOF) type 2. Electric arc furnace (EAF) type.
Ingot
Molten steel cast in vertical cast iron moulds intended for rolling after heating in two stages i.e. in a primary mill and then in a finishing mill.
Below the Tundish are water-cooled copper moulds of desired size. The steel solidified in the moulds is slowly pulled out to produce an "endless" strand, which is gas-cut to desired lengths. This steel is called semi-finished steel. The semi-finished steel is fed in to re-rolling mills to get finished steel products.
Classifications:
1. Long products 2. Flat products 3. Other carbon steel product
Long products
they are used used in the construction and engineering industry and, to some extent, in the manufacturing sector. (e.g. rods, channels, angles and other structural materials)
Flat products
They may be hot-rolled, cold-rolled or galvanized and find use mainly in automobile, shipbuilding and the white goods/consumer durables sectors.
defined as a material containing Iron, carbon (less than 2.0 percent), Silicon, Manganese plus Alloy elements like Chromium, Vanadium, Molybdenium, Tungsten, Nickel, Lead, Naboium, Copper etc.
Stainless steel is alloy steel that contains more than 10.0 percent chromium, with or without other alloying elements. Stainless steel has special properties like high level of corrosion resistance and the ability to maintain its strength at high temperatures.