zdvpfydkiftrsdK;orD;orRw udk&mZeftuGDEdk

zdvpfydkifEdkifiH. trsdK;orD;orRwtjzpf 1986 ckESpfrS 1992 ckESpftxd wm0efxrf;aqmifcJhonhf

udk&mZefudk*sL,efudktuGDEdk (Corazon Cojuangco Aquino) udk 1933 ckESpf/ Zefe0g&Dv 25 &ufae@wGif
zdvpfydkifEdkifiH/ wmavhpfc&dkif vlZef +rdK@YarG;zGg;cJhonf? tuGDEdkwdk@rdom;pkonf EdkifiHa&;tpOftvmaumif;
&Sdaomrdom;pkjzpfonf? olr. tzdk;ESpfOD;pvHk;onf zdvpfydkiftxufv$wfawmftrwfrsm;jzpfcJh=u+yD; tazrSm
atmufv$wfawmftrwf jzpf&m tuGDEdkwdk@rdom;pkonf zdvpfydkifEdkifiH. =oZmwuUdr&Sdaom txufwef;v$m
vufa&G;pifrdom;pk 50 rS 60 pm&if;twGif;wGif&Sdaomrdom;pk jzpfayonf?
&dkrefuwfovpf bmom0ifjzpfol udk&mZeftuGDEdkonf uwfovpftoif;awmf. ulnDaxmufyHhr_
jzifh zGifhvSpfxm;onfh zdvpfydkif ESifh tar&duef EdkifiHrsm;rS ausmif;rsm;wGifynmoif=um;cJhavonf? tuGDEdk
onf tar&duefEdkifiH e,l;a,mh+rdK@&Sd armifhpdef@Aif;qifh aumvdyfrS bJG@&&Sd+yD;aemuf zdvpfydkifEdkifiH ta&S@zsm;
wuUodkvfY Oya'ynm&yfrsm;udk avhvmcJhavonf? olr. yxrESpOf ya'ynmoif=um;r_t+yD; 1954ckEpS f
wGif udk&mZef onf olrb0.b0wmtwGuf vGefpGmta&;ygvSonhf ordkif;0ifqHk;jzwfcsufwckudk csrSwf
vkyfaqmifcJhavonf? 4if;rSm ausmif;rSxGufvdkufum atmifjrifausmf=um;pjyKaeolvnf;jzpf/ aemuf

r=umrDrSmyif pme,fZif;avmurS EdkifiHa&;avmuodk@ ul;ajymif;vmum zdvpfydkifEdkifiH. tmZmenfrsm;

xJwGifwpfOD;tygt0ifjzpfvmrnhf wufopfp pme,fZif;orm; beDEdk tuGDEdk *sLeD,m (Benigno Aquino,
Jr.) ESifh vufxyfvdkufjcif; yifjzpfavonf?
trSefrSm rsm;pGmaom }uHpdkufcif;}uD;rsm;ydkifqdkifum pdkufysdK;a&;vkyfief;jzifh csrf;om=uG,f0vSonhf
beDEdk wdk@rdom;pkonfvnf; tuGDEdk wdk@rdom;pkvdkyif EdkifiH. xdyfwef;vufa&G;pif rdom;pkrsm;pm&if;0if
=uolrsm;yif jzpfygonf? odk@&mwGif 1968ckESpfxkwf EdkifiHjcm;a&;&mr*~Zif;Y beDEdka&;om;vdkufonhf
vufwqkwfpmtv#Hyg,f=uG,f0olrsm;ESifhusefwEdkifiHvHk;ukef;aumufp&mr&SdonhfrJGjymusrsm;jzifh jynhfESuf
aeonhf TedkifiH aqmif;yg;jzifh ol. trdEdkifiHta&;t&mrsm;tay:vGefpGmpdwf0ifpm;r_&Sdjcif;/ rdrdwdk@rdom;pk
onf usdusdwufcsrf;omaomfvnf; qif;&Jolvlrsm;pkbufrS&yfwnfvdkpdwf&Sdjcif;ESifh EdkifiHhta&;t&mrsm;Y
yg0ifygufoufvdkonhfjyif;jyaomqEN&Sdjcif;wdk@udk jyovdkufjcif;yifjzpfavonf? 1965ckESpfwGif zg'Deefrm;udk@pf
(Ferdinand Marcos) tm%m&vm+yD;/ 1972 ckESpfwGif ppftkyfcsKyfa&;trdef@udk xkwfjyef+yD;aemuf0,f
EdkifiHa&;wuf=uGv_yf&Sm;olvnf;jzpf/ zdvpfydkifv$wfawmftrwfwOD;vnf;jzpfol eDEGdKiftuGDEdk tm; axmif'%f
7 ESpftjypfay;vdkufavonf?
olr.trsdK;om;jzpfolaxmifoGif;tusOf;uscHae&onfhumvonf udk&mZeftuGDEdk.b0wouf
wmtwGuf tusyftwnf;rsm;=um;xJrS ta&;ygaomumv [k owfrSwfajymqdkcJhonf? cifyGef;onf
axmifeef;pHaeaomumvwav#mufY tuGDEdkonf tarvnf;ol/ tazvnf;ol tjzpfjzifh om;orD; ig;
a,muftm; jyKpkapmihfa&Smufum rdom;pkwckvHk;.wm0efudk 'dkifcHxrf;aqmif&avonf? xdk@tjyif EdkifiHa&;
cH,lcsuf cdkifusnfvSonfh eDEGdKiftaejzifh axmifeH&Hrsm;twGif;rSaeI ol. EdkifiHa&;vSKyf&Sm;r_rsm;udk qufvuf
vkyfaqmifaecJh&m tuGDEdkonf jyifyurBmESifh eDEGdKif =um;xJwGif ul;ajymif;qufoG,fay;aom wHwm;ozG,f
aqmif&Gufay;&oljzpfvmcJhavonf? odk@jzifh eDEGdKif. EdkifiHa&;qdkif&m/ t,ltqydkif;qdkif&mrsm;ESifh zdvpfydkif
EdkifiHa&;&mrsm;/ trsdK;om;a&;&mrsm;udk tuGDEdktaejzifh tygwfpOf avhvmcGifh&&SdcJhavonf? xdkodk@axmifus
aepOfwGifyif eDEGdKif. usef;rma&;tajctae,dk,Gif;qkwf,kwfvmr_a=umihf eDEGdKiftm; tar&duefEkdifiHodk@
oGm;a&mufumaq;ukor_cH,l&ef rm;udk@pf tpdk;&u cGifhjyKcJhavonf? Todk@jzifh tuGDEdkwdk@ rdom;pkonf
tar&duefEdkifiH/ rwfqmcsL;qufjynfe,f/ e,lwef+rdK@Yaexdkifum 1980 rS 1983 ckEpS f umvrsm;twGif;0,f
eDEGdKifESifhtwl [m;Auf ESifh rufqmcsL;qufpufr_wuUodkvfwdk@wGif okawoejyKvkyfief;rsm;udk aqmif&Guf
aecJhavonf? Todk@aexdkifae&if;jzifh 1984 ckESpfwGif zdvpfydkifEdkifiHwGif a&G;aumufyJGopfjyefvnfjyKvkyfrnf
jzpfa=umif; rm;udk@pf tpdk;&rS a=umfjimvdkuf&m beDEdktuGDEdk onf zdvpfydkifEdkifiHokd@jyefoGm;&ef qHk;jzwf
vdkufavonf? odk@jzifh }uD;rm;aomar#mfvifhcsufrsm; &ifxJwGifayG@ydkufvmcJhonhf jynfawmfjyef beDEdktuGDEdk
onf zdvpfydkiftrdajrodk@ jyefvnfajccsonhf 1983 ckESpf/ =o*kwfv 21 &ufae@wGifyif reDvmavqdyfY
vkyf}uHcHvdkuf&avonf? eDEGdKif vkyf}uHcH&onhf owif;pum;udk tar&duefEdkifiHYom&Sdaeao;onhf tuGDEdk
wdk@rdom;wpkonf w,fvDzkef;xJrw
S qifh vufcH&&SdcJh=uavonf?
Todk@jzifh trsdK;udkcspfol/ rdrdudk,fwdik fvluHkxHwOD;jzpfaomfvnf; zdvpfydkifqif;&Jom; vlrsm;pk
twGuf &yfwnfwdkufyJG0ifum trdajray:Y xm0&tdyfpuftem;,loGm;+yDjzpfonhf cifyGef;onf. &kyfuvyf
tm; ajrcs&eftvdk@iSg udk&mZeftuGDEdk onf [if;vif;yGifhaeoavmuf av;vHxdkif;rd_if;aeonhf &ifwGif;
cHpm;csufrsm;ESifhtwl zdvpfydkifajrodk@ jyefoGm;cJhavonf? xdkaemufolronf rm;udk@pftwdkuftcHygwD/
rm;udk@pftwdkuftcHa&G;aumufyJG0ifolrsm;twGuf udk,fpGrf;Om%fpGrf;&Sdoa&G@ raerem; aqmif&GufaecJhav
onf? tuGDEdkwdk@. rm;udk@pf twdkuftcHtkyfpkonf 1985ckESpf/ atmufwdkbmwGif zdvpfydkifv$wfawmfY
trwfae&m 56ae&m tEdkif&&SdcJhavonf? tpydkif;wGif tuGDEdktm; EdkifiHa&;acgif;aqmifwOD;tjzpf owfrSwf
&_jrif&ef tajctaeenf;aecJhaomfvnf; tcsdeftwdkif;twmwckudk jzwfoef;+yD;aemuf0,f rm;udk@pf
twdkuftcHtkyfpkrsm;onf tuGDEdk tm; vuf&SdorRw rm;udk@pftay: ,SOf+ydKiftEdkif,lEd_ifonhf pGrf;tm;jynhf
twdkuftcHacgif;aqmifwOD;jzpfa=umif;oazgayguf&_jrifvmcJh=uavonf? odk@jzifhtm;vHk;twGuf oifhawmf

rSeu
f ef orRwopf &mxl;twGuf udk&mZef [laom trsdK;orD;wpfOD; OD;aqmifonhf ordkif;0ifrm;udk@pf

twdkuftcHv_yf&Sm;r_}uD; pwifygavawmhonf? olronf twkduftcHjyK.? awmif;qdkr_rsm;jyKvkyf.?

awmif;qdkaomt&mrsm;tm;vHk;udkvnf; vufcH&&SdcJhonf[k qdk&ygcsdrfhrnf? orRw&mxl;twGuf tuGDEdk
v_yf&Sm;r_ pwifonhf yxr wpfv cef@twGif;rSmyif oef;ESifhcsDonhf axmufcHvufrSwfw+yHKwacgif;}uD;udk
zdvpfydkifjynfolrsm;xHrS tuGDEdk&&SdcJhavonf? tuGDEdkv_yf&Sm;r_ pwifonhf yxr 45 &uftwGif;rSmyif orRw
rm;udk@pfwdk@bufrS xdk;ESufv_H@aqmfoH wpfoH pwifxGufvmcJhavonf? ,if;rSm trsdK;orD;wpfOD;twGuf
ae&mrSefonf tdyfcef;xJrSm&Sdonf [laom aqmifyk'fyifwnf;? r=umrwifrDrSmyif rm;udk@pfwdk@tkyfpkonf
a&G;aumufyJGY rJcdk;&efpDpOf}udK;pm;=uygavawmhonf? axmifaygif;rsm;pGmaom zdvpfydkifjynfolrsm;onf
reDvmvrf;r}uD;rsm;ay:a&muf&Sdvmum rm;udk@pftm;&_@H csum cHqENjy=uygavawmhonf? rm;udk@pf. cg;ydkuf
aqmif t"duppfa&;acgif;aqmifESpfOD; awmfvSefjzKwfcsjcif;cHvdkuf&.? zdvpfydkif. 'Drdkua&pDpHepfudk t&kyfqdk;
tusnf;wefapcJhonhf rm;udk@pftm;jynfyodk@xGufcGgoGm;&ef zdvpfydkifjynfolwdk@ zdtm;ay;=uonfhtav#muf
wcsdefwnf;wGifyif udk&mZeftuGDEdk onf zdvpfydkifEdkifiH. ordkif;0if trsdK;orD; orRw wpfOD;jzpfvmcJhav+yD?
tuGDEdktaejzifh T&mxl;udk vufcH&&SdcJhonfrmS olrcifyGef;onf. toufay;pGef@v$wftepfem
cHum zdvpfydkifEdkifiHwGif 'Drdkua&pDpHepf jyefvnf&SifoeftjrpfwG,f&ef }udK;yrf;tm;xkwfr_rsm;. aemufquf
wJG&v'fjzpfa=umif; oHk;oyf&_jrifcJhavonf? vlom;wpfOD;tm; bmrqdkvkyfydkifcGifhay;xm;onhf txl;tcGifh
ta&;rsm;udk z,f&Sm;Edkif&eftwGuf tuGDEdkonf EdkifiHawmforRw. vkyfydkifcGifhtm%mudk uef@owfxm;
Edkifa&;tcsufrsm;yg0ifapv#uf EdkifiH. zJG@pnf;tkyfcsKyfyHktajccHOya'udk jyefvnfa&;qJGcJhavonf?
ajcmufESpf=umorRwoufwrf;ukefqHk;oGm;+yD;aemuf tuGDEdkonf olrudk,fwdkifOD;aqmifa&;qJGcJh
onhf xdk zJG@pnf;tkyfcsKyfyHktajccHOya'opfa=umifhyifv#if olronf aemufxyfta&G;rcHcJhawmh? tuGDEdk.
orRwoufwrf;wav#mufonf yef;cif;onfhvrf;awmhr[kwfcJhygacs? ajcmufESpf=umumvtwGif;0,f
pOfqufrjywfonfh ppfbufawmfvSefa&;rsm; (ckepf}udrfwdwd) jzifhjynhfESufaecJh+yD; xdkv_yf&Sm;r_rsm;twGuf
vlaygif; 150 cef@aoqHk;cJh&avonf? wu,fawmh 'DawmfvSefa&;[m usr cifyGef;onf&Jh acgif;xJudk
ypfoGif;vdkufwJh zdvpfydkifppfom;wpfOD;&JhaoewfuxGufvmwJh usnfqHu tpjyKcJhwmyg [laom pum;&yf
udk zdvpfydkifppfwuUodkvfodk@ orRwtjzpfoGm;a&mufvnfywfpOftwGif; udk&mZef rS ajymqdkcJhavonf?
urBmhtrsdK;orD;acgif;aqmifrsm;pmtkyfudk a&;om;&eftwGuf pma&;q&mr Laura A Liswood
ESifhawG@qHkar;jref;cef;wckjyKvkyf&mwGif tuGDEdku usr yxrOD;qHk;awG@}uHK&wJhtcuftcJuawmh ppfbuf
qdkif&mawGeJ@qufqHa&;yg? trsdK;orD;wa,mufudk umuG,fa&;OD;pD;csKyftjzpfvufcHbdk@udpP[m xdyfwef;ppf
acgif;aqmifawGtwGuf tawmfav; cJ,Of;aewmudk awG@&ygw,f? &Sif;&Sif;ajym&&if umuG,fa&;OD;pD;csKyf
wm0efudk xrf;aqmif&mrSm usrudk,fwdkiftwGufvnf; tcuftcJawG trsm;}uD;&SdaecJhwmawmh trSefygyJ?
ppfbufzJG@pnf;yHkwcsdK@udk jyefvnfzJG@pnf;&wmrsdK;awG/ tvwfwef;ppfbufacgif;aqmifawGudk a&G;cs,fcef@tyf
&wmrsdK;awGvdk udpPrsdK;awGayg@? Adkvfr_;}uD;&mxl;twGuf a&G;cs,fcef@tyfr_awGjyKvkyf&mrSm tawmfav; cufcJ
r_awG&Sd+yD;awmh owdvnf;xm;&ygw,f? bmjzpfvdk@vJqdkawmh tJ'DAdkvfr_;}uD;awG[m aemifwcsdefrSm AdkvfcsKyf
awG/ AdkvfcsKyf}uD;awG jzpfvm=urSmr[kwfvm;? usrorRw rjzpfcifu ppfbufrSm 'DvdkudpPrsdK;awG[m yk*d~Kvf
pGJyHkpHrsKd ;awGeJ@ pcef;oGm;aecJhwmyg? ajym&r,fqdk&if tJvdkrsdK;awGjzpfaecJhwJhtwGuf tcsdK@ppft&m&SdawG[m
olwdk@&mxl;eJ@ xdkufwefwJh t&nftcsif;awG &SdraewmrsdK;awGudkawGudk awG@&wwfygw,f [k ppfbufESifh
ygufoufIawG@}uHKcJh&onhf olr.tawG@t}uHKudk ajymjycJhavonf?
tuGDEdkonf olr.orRwoufwrf;wav#mufY &mxl;}uD;ae&mrsm;wGif trsdK;orD;rsm;pGmudk
cef@tyfxm;cJhavonf? tpdk;&Xge}uD;rsm;. t}uD;tuJrsm;tjzpf trsdK;orD;rsm;udk cef@tyfjcif;/ tzJG@0if
15OD;yg0ifaom EdkifiHawmfw&m;ol}uD;rsm;tzJG@wGif trsdK;orD; 3 OD;udk xnfhoGif;yg0ifapjcif; uJodk@aom vkyf
aqmifcsufrsm;jzifh EdkifiHtwGif; trsdK;orD;wdk@. OD;aqmifr_tcef;uudk jrSifhwifay;cJhavonf?

olr.orRwoufwrf;aemufqHk;ESpfrsm;twGif;wGif tuGDEdkonf tpdk;&r[kwfaom tzJG@tpnf;

(NGO) rsm;ESifh 4if;wdk@. vkyfief;aqmifwmrsm;tay:Y txl;tav;xm;umaqmif&GufcJhavonf? NGO
vkyfief;rsm;onf olr. orRw&mxl;rS tem;,l+yD;aemuf qufvufvkyfaqmifrnfhvkyfief;&yfrsm;tjzpf
vnf; cH,lxm;&SdcJhavonf? wcgu pme,fZif;orm;wOD;ESifhawG@qHk&mY tuGDEdku tpdk;&w&yfwnf;u
EdkifiH&Jh udpPt00udk +yD;jywfatmifraqmif&GufEdkifygbl;/ 'ga=umifh tpdk;&r[kwfwJhtzJG@tpnf;awG&Jh vkyfief;
aqmifwmawGrSm yg0ifygufoufvkyfaqmifoGm;bdk@ usr qHk;jzwfcJhwmyg [k ajymqdkcJhbl;avonf?
tuGDEdkonf wdkif;rf (Time) r*~Zif;. 1986 ckESpf. wpfESpfwmtwGuftrsdK;orD; (Woman of
the Year) tjzpf a&G;cs,fjcif;cHcJh&avonf? olr.orRwoufwrf;t+yD;wGifvnf; tuGDEdkonf qkwHqdyf
aygif;rsm;pGmudk qGwfcl;&&SdcJh.? *Jvfar,m&dkvfum (Gail Meyer Rolka) a&;om;+yD; 1994 ckESpfwGif
tar&duefEdkifiHwGif xkwfa0cJhonfh urBmhordkif;udk yHkoGif;xkqpfcJh=uonhftrsdK;orD; 100 pmtkyfwGif
xnfhoGif;az:jyjcif;cHcJh&avonf? 1996 ckESpfwGif tjynfjynfqdkif&mrsm;t=um; (tcsif;csif;) tjyeftvSef
oabmayguf em;vnfr_rsm;twGuf csD;jrSifhonhf a*s0DvD,Hazghb&dkuf qkudk tar&dueforRwa[mif; *sifrD
umwm/ awmiftmz&duorRwa[mif; e,fvfqifref'Jvm; wdk@ESifhtwlvnf;aumif;/ 1999ckESpf/ =o*kwfv
wGifxkwfa0onfh wdkif;rf (Time) r*~Zif;. 20 &mpktwGif;=oZmtanmif;qHk;tm&Swdkufom; 20 pm&if;
xJwGifvnf;aumif;/ wdkif;rf (Time) r*~Zif;rSyif 2006 ckESpf Edk0ifbmvtwGif;a&G;cs,fcJhonfh tm&Swdkuf.
t}uD;us,fqHk;aomol&Jaumif; 65 OD; pm&if;xJwGif tdENd,rS r[wWr*END/ jrefrmrS a':atmifqef;pk=unf/
puFmylrS vDuGrf,l/ xdkif;bk&ifrif;jrwf blrdbdk;t'l,ma'h wdk@ESiht
f wl vnf;aumif;/ Oa&mytajcpdkuf
rwlaomtjrifwpfrsdK; pmpOf. 2008 ckESpfZEM0g&DvxkwfwGif urBmh'Drdkua&pD csHyD,H 15 OD; pm&if;xJY
tar&duefrS atA&m[ifvifuGef;/ a'gufwmrmwifvlomuif; *sLeD,m/ ydkvefrS avhcsf0gvfqm/ csuforRw
EdkifiHrS AmuvAfa[A,f wdk@ESifhtwlvnf;aumif; toD;oD;vufcH&&Sdjcif;/ a&G;cs,fjcif;cHcJh&avonf?
Todk@v#if zdvpfydkifEdkifiHtwGufomru/ tm&SwdkuftwGufyg yxrOD;qHk;trsdK;orD;orRwjzpfcJhonhf
udk&mZef*sL,efudktuGDEdk ta=umif;udk waphwapmif;*k%fjyKa&;om;wifjy&if;jzifh &cdkiftrsdK;orD;taygif;/
jrefrmtrsdK;orD;taygif;wdk@ ycufv$Jaomvufrsm;udk ydkifqdkifoavmuf/ t&nftcsif;vnf;jynhf0/ cHEdkif&nf
vnf;jynhf0onhf ESvHk;om;ESifh &ifhusufonhf pdwf"gwfudkarG;um owWd ESifh ZJG/ tHudkcJv#uf acgif;aqmifae&m
rsm;qDodk@ ta&mufvSrf;wufEdkif=uygapa=umif; qkawmif;qENjyKvdkuf&ygonf? ?
tm;vHk;udkcifrifav;pm;v#uf
armifOD;odef;armif
usrf;udk;pm&if;
1? Women World Leaders by Laura A. Liswood
2? www.wikipedia.org
3? World Almanac 2007