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Agriculture
The art and science of crop and livestock production. Agriculture is the set of activities that transform the environment for the production of animals and plants for human use. In its broadest sense, agriculture comprises the entire range of technologies associated with the production of useful products from plants and animals, including soil cultivation, crop and livestock management, and the activities of processing and marketing.
Agriculture in India
About 75% people are living in rural areas and are still dependent on Agriculture. About 43% of Indias geographical area is used for agricultural activity Accounts for 27% of GDP Contributes 21% of Total Exports, and Supplies Raw materials to Industries Growth Rate in production - 5.7% Food grains production 211.17 mt
Agriculture in Haryana
Geographical Area Cultivated Area Net Area Sown Gross Cropped Area Cropping intensity Irrigated Area Area under brackish water No. of Farm Holdings a) Marginal farmers b) Small farmers c) others
44.21 lakh ha. 38.09 lakh ha. 35.56 lakh ha. 63.94 lakh ha 182 % (National average 135%) 84% 54% 15.28 lakh 7.04 lakh (46.1%) 2.94 lakh (19.3%) 5.30 lakh (34.7%)
Cereals and Pulses Seeds Spices Fruits Vegetables Dry Fruits & Nuts Edible Oils Essential Oil Flowers Fertilizers Beverages & Juices Fodder Dairy Products
Aromatic Plants Herbal Products Agricultural Machinery & Equipments Coconut and Coir Product Meat & Poultry Foods Processed Food & Snacks Pickles & Condiments Marine Food Supplies Other Agro Products
According to Parishability
Vegetables Fruits
Cold Storage
Availability of proper cold storages are important for preserving perishable commodities like milk, meat, eggs, vegetables, fruits, ornamental flowers and other floricultural goods. These cold storages give perishable food items a longer shelf life by preventing them from rotting due to humidity, high temperature and micro-organisms. This results in a decrease in loss due to spoilage. Different products are stored at different temperatures. Flowers will remain fresh even in a moderately cool chiller whereas a product like meat needs to be deep frozen to prevent it from turning rancid. The government trains managers and operators of cold storages to store products at the optimum temperature, maintain machinery, hygiene and administration. The Directorate of Marketing and Inspection of the Department of Agriculture and Cooperation provides consultancy and technical services to prospective entrepreneurs for the construction, maintenance and operation of cold storages. Other activities that the Directorate of Marketing and Inspection is involved in are preparation of a master plan for cold storage requirements at micro/macro levels, conducting seminars, problem oriented studies and coordinating research in cold storage
According to Parishability
Material of the container used to store these items: - Stainless steel - Aluminum - Glass - Branded plastic
According to Seasonality
RABI CROPS:
Maize Cumin Coriender Wheat Fenugreek Gram Onion Mustard Tomato Potato Oat
According to Seasonality
KHARIF: Sowing for the crops is done from April to July and
harvesting is done from .September to December.
The crops that are sown in the rainy season are called kharif crops. (also known as the summer or monsoon crop) in India. Kharif crops are usually sown with the beginning of the first rains in July, during the south-west monsoon season. The main monsoon season in India runs from June to September and the southwest summer monsoon occur due to a low pressure area that's caused by the extreme heat of the Thar Desert and adjoining areas, during summer.
KHARIF CROPS:
Paddy Guar (F) cotton chilly Jowar Urid maize arhar Bajri Ground Nut
According to Seasonality
ZAID: Sowing for the crops is done in March and harvesting is done in
June
In Indian sub-continent, the crops grown on irrigated lands which do not have to wait for monsoons, in the short duration between Rabi and Kharif crop season, mainly from March to June, are called Zaid crops (also written as Zayad crops). These crops are grown mainly in the summer season during a period called the ' Zayad crop season ' .They require warm day weather for major growth period and longer day length for flowering. Its main products are seasonal fruits and vegetables
ZAID CROPS:
CROP SEASONS
CROPPING SEASON PERIOD SOWING HARVEST ING BEGINNIN G OF NOV CROPS CULTIVATED (Northern States) RICE, COTTON, BAJRA, MAIZE JOWAR, TUR WHEAT, GRAM, RAPESEEDS , MUSTARD, BARLEY VEGETABLE S, FRUITS, FODDER CROPS CULTIVATED (Southern States) RICE, MAIZE, RAGI, JOWAR, GROUNDNUT
KHARIF
APR - MAY
RABI
MARCH
ZAID
JUNE