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Bi 32:

6/1/2013

I. ng ng, ng phn, danh php

6/1/2013

1. ng ng
VD : Mt vi ankin (1) CH CH
(2) (3) CH C CH3 HC C CH CH3 CH3

C2H2 2 = 2.2 - 2

C3H4 4 = 2.3 - 2
C5H8 8 = 2.5 - 2 Tng qut: CnH2n-2

Ankin l nhng hirocacbon mch h, trong phn t c cha mt lin kt ba. Dy ng ng Ankin c cng thc chung CnH2n-2 (n2).
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2. ng phn
CCH VIT NG PHN ANKIN
1/ Vit ton b mch cacbon h 2/ Vi mi mch cacbon h xc nh v tr t ni ba 3/ in H cho ha tr

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C4H6
(2) (1)

1/ C C C C

2/ C C C C ng phn v tr lin kt ba

(1) CH3 CH2 C CH (2) CH3 C C CH3

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C5H8

1/ C C C C C 2/ C C C (3) C C (1) CH3 CH2 CH2 C CH (2) CH3 CH2 C C CH3 (3) CH3 CH C CH
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(2)

(1)

C 3/ C C C C ng phn v tr lin kt ba

CH3

ng phn mch cacbon 7

3. Danh php
a. Tn thng thng
CTCT
HCCH CHCCH2CH3

Tn ankin = tn gc hirocacbon + axetilen

Tn thng thng
axetilen etyl axetilen

CH3CH2CH2CCH
CH3CCCH3 HCCCH=CH2
6/1/2013

propyl axetilen
imetyl axetilen vinyl axetilen
8

3. Danh php
b. Tn thay th (I.U.P.A.C)
5 4 3 2 1 VD: CH3 CH CH2 C CH CH3

4 - metyl pent - 1 - in

Tn = v tr nhnh + tn + tn mch + v tr lin kt + in ba C C nhnh chnh ankin

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Lu : - Mch chnh l mch di nht c cha lin kt ba C C. - nh s t pha gn lin kt ba.

- Cc ankin c ni ba u mch (R-C CH) gi l cc ank-1-in

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10

II. Tnh cht vt l (SGK)

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III. Tnh cht ha hc

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12

So snh cu trc phn t anken v ankin Etilen CTPT CTCT C2H4 Axetilen C2H2

CH2

CH2

CH

CH

M hnh rng

M hnh c
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1. Phn ng cng Phn ng gm 2 giai on lin tip

a. Vi tc nhn i xng ( Br2 dd ,H2)

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14

 Cng H2
CH CH + H-H
Ni, t0

CH2

CH2
eten

CH2

CH2

+ H-H

Ni, t0

CH3

etan

CH3

Nu mun dng giai on to anken:

CH
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CH + H2

Pd/PbCO3

CH2

CH2
15

 Cng Br2 dd
Ankin lm mt mu dung dch brom tng t anken.

CH

CH + Br-Br

CHBr

CHBr

1,2-ibrometen

CHBr
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CHBr + Br-Br

CHBr2

CHBr2
16

1,1,2,2-tetrabrometan

b. Vi tc nhn bt i xng HX (X l Cl, OH,)

Phn ng cng HX ca cc ankin cng tun theo quy tc Mac-cp-nhi-cp.

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 Cng HCl

CH

CH

+ HCl

xt, to

CH2 CH3

CHCl CHCl2

cloeten (vinylclorua)

CH2

CHCl + HCl

xt, to

1,1-icloetan

Khi c xc tc thch hp: ankin tc dng vi HCl to dn xut monoclo ca anken

CH
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CH + HCl

HgCl2 150-200oC

CH2

CHCl
sn xut
18

cloeten (vinylclorua)

 Cng H2O
Ch cng 1 phn t H2O.

CH

CH +

H-OH

HgSO4

CH2

CH OH

(khng bn)

CH3 CH
anehit axetic
sn xut axit axetic
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ime v trime ha

ime ha
CH CH + H C HC CH
xt, to

CH2

CH CH

CH

Trime ha
HC
HC CH
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vinylaxetilen

CH
CH

6000C bt C

HC
HC CH

CH
CH

3CH

CH

6000C bt C

benzen

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2. Phn ng oxi ha
a. Phn ng oxi ha hon ton

CnH2n-2 +

(3n-1)

O2

to

CO2 +

(n-1)

H2O

T l : nCO2 > nH2O b. Phn ng oxi ha khng hon ton Ankin lm mt mu dung dch KMnO4 tng t anken.

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3. Phn ng th bng ion kim loi

C H + AgNO3 + NH3 R C C Ag + NH4NO3

CChC H + mi c phn ng ny . ank-1-in 2 Ag NO3 + 2 NH3

. Dng phn ng ny phn bit ank-1-in vi Ag C C Ag + 2NH4NO3 ankan, anken v ccbc axetilua ankin khc.
mu vng
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IV. iu ch

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23

1. Trong phng th nghim CaC2 + 2H2O C2H2 + Ca(OH)2

2. Trong cng nghip 2 CH4

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15000C

C2H2 + 3 H2
24

V. ng dng

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ng dng
Lm nguyn liu
Cht do PVC

Lm nhin liu
n x hn, ct kim loi

Axit hu c, este
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T si tng hp

26

30000C

O2
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C 2H 2
27

Ankin
Cng
Hiro Brom HX (HCl, H2O) ime v trime ha

Oxi ha
Phn ng chy
Mt mu dd KMnO4

Th ion kim loi Ank-1-in

28 Phn6/1/2013 dng phn bit ank-1-in vi anken v ankin khc ng

BI 1 Tn gi ca ankin c cng thc cu to: CH3 CH C C CH3 CH3 theo danh php IUPAC l: A . 4 metyl pent 2 in B . 2 metyl pent 3 in C . isohexin D . isopropylmetylaxetilen
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BI 2

S ng phn ankin ca C5H8 phn ng vi dung dch AgNO3/NH3 to kt ta vng l:

A. 2 B. 3 C. 4 D. 5
(1) CH3 CH2 CH2 C CH
(2) CH3 CH2 C C CH3 (3) CH3 CH C CH
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CH3

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BI 3
Bng phng php ha hc, hy phn bit ba bnh mt nhn cha mi kh khng mu sau: etan, etilen, axetilen. etan Hng dn: (khng hin tng)

etan

dd Br2

etilen etan etilen axetilen

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dd AgNO3/NH3

(nht mu dd Br2)

etilen

axetilen
(kt ta vng)
31

Bi tp v nh: 1,2,3,4,5- trang 145 SGK

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Cl CH3 C CH
+HCl

CH3 C Cl

CH2

+HCl

CH3 C
Cl

CH3

2-clopropen

2,2-iclopropan

CH3 C CH + H-OH

HgSO4

CH3 C OH

CH2

CH3 C O
axeton

CH3

(khng bn)

CH3 C C H + AgNO3+ NH3

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CH3 C C Ag+ NH4NO3

33