BHAGWAN MAHAVIR COLLEGE OF MANAGEMENT

Subject: Management Information System

Prepared by: Name Roll No. Sheta Radhika (30) Devang Dhedhi (31) Malu Jitesh (32) Retiwala Dinkal (33) Jayani Gopi (34)

Submitted to: Mrs Rutvi Umrigar

GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

MBA SEM-I Examination January 2010 Subject code: 810003 Subject Name: Management Information System Date: 22 / 01 / 2010 Time: 12. 00 2.30 pm Total Marks: 70 Question: "Knowledge increases exponentially," is a phrase with which we are all familiar. Does this concept apply to electronic business and the emergence of the digital firm? Support your contentions. Answer: As we learn anything, we build a construction or trellis of information that we use as support to add more information, each piece connected to and dependent upon others. Data arranged in a meaningful format lead to information, information in use leads to knowledge, knowledge examined leads to wisdom. Everything that humanity has learned can be traced back to something learned earlier. It has taken us tens of thousands of years of building knowledge to create the Internet itself. Knowledge was increasing exponentially all along, but it is with the low-cost conductivity and universal standards provided by Internet technology that we see in our lifetime, indeed it unfolds week-by-week. The Internet enables us, for the first time in human history, to see the potential for all human knowledge to be connected and available to anyone with access to a computer. Businesspeople use this capacity to increase business, of course, and this connectivity allows businesses to connect with each other at speeds and in ways heretofore unimagined. Following are the way in which this concept applies to e business: 1. Internet Business Systems: i. Customer Relationship Management (CRM) is a customer-centric business strategy with the goal of maximizing profitability, revenue, and customer satisfaction. Technologies that support this business purpose include the capture, storage and analysis of customer, vendor, partner, and internal process information. Functions that support this business purpose include sales, marketing, customer service, training, professional development, performance management, human resource development, and compensation. ii. Enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems attempt to integrate several data and processes of an organization into a unified system. A typical ERP system will use multiple components of computer software and hardware to achieve the integration.

A key ingredient of most ERP systems is the use of a unified database to store data for the various system modules. iii. A Document Management System (DMS) is a computer system used to track and store electronic documents and/or images of paper documents. The term has some overlap with the concept of Content Management Systems and is often viewed as a component of Enterprise Content Management Systems and related to Digital Asset Management, Documents imaging, Workflow systems and Records Management systems. Human Resource Management (HRM) is the strategic and coherent approach to the management of an organizations most valued assets the people working there who individually and collectively contribute to the achievement of the objectives of the business. The terms Human resource management and Human resources (HR) have largely replaced the term Personnel management as a description of the processes involved in managing people in organizations.

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2. Enterprise communication and collaboration i. Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) is a protocol optimized for the transmission of voice through the internet or other packet switched networks. VoIP is often used abstractly to refer to the actual transmission of voice (rather than the protocol implementing it.) VoIP is also known as IP Telephony, Internet telephony, Broadband telephony, Broadband Phone and Voice over Broadband. ii. Content Management System (CMS) is a system used to manage the content of a Web site. CMSs are deployed primarily for interactive use by a potentially large number of contributors. For example, the software for the website Wikipedia is based on a wiki, which is a particular type of Content Management System. For the purposes of this page, Content Management means web Content Management. E-mail, short for electronic mail, is a store and forward method of composing, sending, storing, and receiving messages over electronic communication systems, Email is often used to deliver bulk unsolicited messages, or spam , but filter programs exist which can automatically delete some or most of these, depending on the situation. Voicemail sometimes called message bank is a centralized system of managing telephone messages for a large group of people. In its simplest form it mimics the functions of an answering machine, uses a standard telephone handset for the user interface, and uses a centralized, computerized system rather than equipment at the individual telephone.

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Web Conferencing is used to conduct live meetings or presentations over the Internet In a web conference, each participant sits at his or her own computer, and is connected to other participant via the internet. This can be either a downloaded application on each of the attendees computers or a web based application where the attendees will simply enter a URL or website meeting address to enter the live meeting or conference. Digital Work Flows (or Business Process Management): The Digital Work flows also called e-workflows is responsible for the in tractions among the companies entities and data as well as processing external data coming into the system. The digitized workflow acts as the traffic cop of the organizations business process and in traction, ensuring that things happen in the right order and instantly.

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3. Electronic Commerce i. Internet Marketing, also referred to as online marketing or E-marketing, is the marketing of products or services over the Internet. The Internet has bought many unique benefits to marketing including low costs in distributing information and media to a global audience. The interactive nature of Internet marketing, both in terms of instant response and in eliciting response, are unique qualities of the medium. Internet marketing ties together creative and technical aspects of the internet, including design, development, advertising and sales. ii. Supply Chain Management (SCM) is the process of planning. Implementing, and controlling the operations of the supply chain as efficiently as possible. Supply Chain Management spans all movement and storage of raw materials, work-in-process inventory, and finished goods from point-of origin to point-of-consumption. Supply Chain Management is also a category of software product. iii. Online Shopping is the process consumers go through to purchase products or services over the Internet. As online shop, e-shop, e-store, Internet shop, web shop, online store, or virtual store evokes the physical analogy of buying products or services at a bricks-and-mortar retailer or in a shopping mall. The metaphor of an online catalog is also used, by analogy with mail order catalogs. All types of stores have retail web sites, including those that do and do not also have physical storefronts and paper catalogs.

GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

MBA sem-1 Remedial Examination July- 2011 Subject code: 810003 Subject Name: Management Information Systems Date: 08/07/2011 Time: 02:30 pm 05:30 pm Total Marks: 70

Question:
What is Management Information System? Explain importance of MIS to business manager.

Answer:
Management Information Systems (MIS): MIS is a system used by organizations or business enterprises to store, process and retrieve, external and internal resources required by the managers at all levels for decision-making. Provide decision-making support for routine, structured decisions Closely linked to and fed by TPS The overall purpose of MIS is to provide profitability and related information to help managers and staff understands business performance and plans its future direction. IMPORTANCE OF MIS: 1. MIS is always management oriented and keeps in view every level of management and gets the desired information. 2. Integrated - refers to how diff components (sub systems) are actually tied up together. e.g.: diff departments of organization linked together. 3. Useful for planning - as every organization makes log-term and short-term plans with the help of information like sales & production, capital investments, stocks etc. management can easily plan. 4. Effective MIS helps the management to know deviations of actual performance from pre-set targets and control things. 5. Its important for increasing efficiency. 6. MIS provides updated results of various departments to management. 7. MIS is highly computerized so it provides accurate results. 8. MIS adds to the intelligence, alertness, awareness of managers by providing them information in the form of progress and review reports of an ongoing activity. 9. Help managers in decision- making.

Management Information Systems (MIS) MIS provide managers with reports and, in some cases, on -line access to the organization current performance and historical records Typically these systems focus entirely on internal events, providing the information for short-term planning and decision making. MIS summaries and report on the basic operation of the organization, dependent on the underlying TPS for their data.

Decision Support, Problem Analysis and Overall Control Business managers often need to make decisions that can affect the business fortunes one way or other. For example, a company with sales outlets or distributors spread over a wide geographic area might want to optimize the logistical operations of delivering merchandise to the outlets. The best solution might be affected by numerous factors such as demand patterns, availability of merchandise, distances involved and the option of using external carriers (who can find two way loads and might prove a lesser cost option over long distances) instead of own vehicles. While it might be possible to use complex mathematical formulas by hand to compute the best solution, computers transform the whole process into a routine task of feeding certain information as input and obtaining suggestions for best solutions as output. The task can typically be done in a few minutes (instead of hours or even days) and it becomes possible to examine several alternatives before deciding upon one that seems most realistic.

Identifying problems and analyzing the factors that cause them also has been transformed by modern computer information systems. In a typical MIS environment, standard reports are generated in a routine manner comparing actual performance against original estimates. The software that generates the report can be instructed to highlight exceptions, i.e. significant variations between original estimates and actual performance. Managers will thus become aware of problem areas in the daily course of their work simply by looking at the reports they receive, without having to do detailed data collection and computations themselves. Identifying the factors responsible for the problem can also be routinized to some extent by using such tools as variance analysis. Variance analysis is an element of standard costing system that splits deviations from estimates (or standards) into causative factors such as increase in price of materials used, excessive usage of materials, unexpected machine downtimes, etc. With such a detailed report, managers can delve deeper into the problem factor, such as why there was excessive usage of materials. Control is also exercised through variance analysis. Budgets are prepared for all business operations by concerned managers working in a coordinated fashion. For example, estimated sales volumes will determine the levels of production; production levels will determine raw material purchases; and so on. With good information system management, it then becomes possible to generate timely reports comparing actual sales, production, raw material deliveries, etc. against estimated levels. The reports will help managers to keep a watch on things and take corrective action quickly. For example, the production manager will become aware of falling sales (or rising sales) of particular products and can prepare to make adjustments in production schedules, and purchasing and inventory managers will become quickly aware of any mounting inventories of unused materials. MIS thus enhances the quality of communication all around and can significantly improve the effectiveness of operations control. Effective MIS Involves Humans and Computers working together The major aspect to note is that MIS provides only the information; it is the responsibility of concerned managers to act on the information. It is the synergy between efficient, accurate and speedy equipment and humans with commonsense, intelligence and judgment that really gives power to MIS.