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CELLULAR RESPIRATION
PREVIOUS LESSON
OBJECTIVES
of pyruvate (3C).
Occurs whether or NOT O2 is present.
2011 Pearson Education, Inc.
What is NAD+?
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide. Coenzyme. Electrons from organic compounds
2 NAD
are usually first transferred to NAD+. As an electron carrier , NAD+. functions as a oxidizing agent.
2 NADH + 2H+
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ADP
Hexokinase
1
NADH
Glucose
Glucose 6-phosphate
NAD
Oxidizing Agents
Reducing Agents
1
Phosphorylation of sugar by ATP. A phosphate-group transfer from ATP to glucose. Glucose 6-phosphate.
ATP ADP
Hexokinase
Glucose
2
Glucose 6-phosphate
Fructose 6-phosphate
Glucose
3
Glucose 6-phosphate
Fructose 6-phosphate
Fructose 1,6-bisphosphate
Phosphate group from ATP transfer to Fructose 6-phosphate form Fructose 1,6- bisphosphate.
ADP
ADP
Fructose 1,6-bisphosphate
Fructose 6-phosphate
Fructose 6-phosphate
Dihydroxyacetone phosphate
Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate
Dihydroxyacetone phosphate
Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate
Isomerase
Isomerase
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2 ATP
2
2
6
2Pi
2Pi
1,3-Bisphosphoglycerate
6
3-Phospho-glycerate
7
1,3-Bisphosphoglycerate
3-Phosphoglycerate
Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate is oxidized by the transfer of electrons to NAD+, forming NADH. Energy used to attach a phosphate group to the oxidized
Phosphate group (added in previous step) is transferred to ADP. Produces 2 ATP. (Substrate-level phosphorylation) 3-Phosphoglycerate (2 molecules)
substrate:1,3Bisphosphoglycerate (2 molecules)
3-Phosphoglycerate
8
2-Phosphoglycerate
Phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP)
Pyruvate
9
3-Phosphoglycerate
2-Phosphoglycerate
Phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP)
Pyruvate
Enzyme causes a double bond to form in the substrate by removing a water molecule. Phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) (2 molecules)
Summary of Glycolysis
2 ATP 2 ADP
2 ADP
2
10
6C
Pyruvate
2x 3C
3-Phosphoglycerate
10
2-Phosphoglycerate
Phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP)
4 ADP
4 ATP
The phosphate group is transferred from PEP to ADP. Produces 2 ATP. (Substrate-level Phosphorylation) Pyruvate (2 molecules)
For One molecule of Glucose Products : 2 Pyruvate 2 NADH + 2H+ 2 ATP used and 4 ATP produced Net ATP production : 2 ATP
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NEXT LECTURE
15.2.1 Link Reaction 15.2.2 Krebs Cycle